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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1976

Halfway houses for alcoholics: a review, analysis and comparisons with other halfway house facilities.

Eight halfway houses for alcoholics were surveyed and compared to other halfway houses for alcoholics, and halfway houses for the non-alcoholic mentally ill, as described in previous studies. The halfway houses for alcoholics surveyed in the present report may be separated into two principal groups: (a) a self-supporting profit-oriented type with an autonomous owner-operator, and (b) a board-controlled and supported type usually receiving group or institutional support. Regardless of group membership, however, none of the halfway houses for alcoholics in the present study matched the high standards set by halfway houses for the non-alcoholic mentally ill as described in other reports. Recent events indicate that halfway houses will be responsible for an increasing portion of persons requiring a structured, supportive or sheltered environment. This paper examines the ability of halfway houses for alcoholics to provide adequate residential care services. Additionally, disparities between alcoholism and non-alcoholism halfway houses regarding staffing, professionalised orientation, and adjunct services are scrutinised. The effectiveness of halfway houses is analysed, and suggestions for future utilisation of alcoholic halfway houses are advanced.

Alcoholism↗

PubMed1975

Further studies in allergenic identity between house dust and the house dust mite, Dermatophagoides farinae Hughes, 1961.

The sera from 99 Japanese asthmatic subjects were studied for the allergenic similarity between house dust and the House-dust Mite, Dermatophagoides farinae Hughes, 1961. A close correlation (correlation coefficient 0.92, P less than 0.01) was obtained between house dust and the mite with the radioallergosorbent test (RAST). High correlation was not noted between house dust and other allergens such as smoky brown cockroach, Periplaneta fuliginosa, Aspergillus, book lice, Liposcelis bostricophilus, Cheyletus malaccensis and Tribolium confusum. IgE antibody to the mite reduced significantly after the incubation of the sera with house dust and IgE antibody to house dust reduced markedly after the incubation of the sera with the mite. These results further support the view that the mite is the most important allergenic component in house dust.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1989

How do house officers spend their nights? A time study of internal medicine house staff on call.

Recommendations to limit the working hours of house staff are forcing directors of training programs to reevaluate how house officers spend their time. We studied how 35 house officers in internal medicine spent their on-call time in three teaching hospitals: an urban county hospital, a university hospital, and a regional Veterans Administration medical center. Trained observers accompanied each member of different on-call teams for five nights and quantified how their time was spent. Teams consisting of residents and interns admitted three new patients per night at the Veterans Administration hospital, six at the university hospital, and eight at the county hospital. Each house officer received 16 to 25 calls per night. Up to 12 percent of their time was spent doing procedures (such as inserting intravenous catheters or drawing blood specimens) most of which could have been done by nonphysicians. From 87 to 175 minutes of on-call time was spent in direct patient evaluation, and the mean time spent on each new-patient evaluation ranged from 17 to 31 minutes. The mean time before the evaluation was interrupted ranged from 7 to 11 minutes. In contrast, 66 to 197 minutes per night was spent documenting new-patient evaluations in the hospital record. The average sleep time ranged from 122 to 273 minutes; however, the mean time before sleep was interrupted ranged from 40 to 86 minutes. We conclude that while on call, house officers spend relatively little time in direct patient contact, but they spend considerable time charting. They are frequently interrupted while working and trying to sleep. These data may be useful in finding administrative ways to improve patient care and the experience of the house staff while on call and in evaluating the effect of reforms.

Data Collection↗

PubMed1976

IgE antibodies to house dust, mite, animal allergens and moulds in house dust hypersensitivity.

Fifty-three patients were investigated by intradermal tests and Phadebas RAST and, in most cases, the serum IgE level was determined. They were tested for sensitivity to house dust, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, cat, dog, horse and mould allergens. All cases with IgE antibodies to house dust were found to have specific IgE to other tested allergens as well. Eighty-nine per cent of the patients being RAST positive for house dust were also positive for D. pteronyssinus and in the majority of those cases IgE antibodies to other allergens were detected. The results reaffirm previous findings that the mite is not the only allergen in house dust and that extract of house dust is a mixture of several allergenic substances, which make it less suitable for differential testing. It is concluded that serum IgE determination is of value as a screening procedure in the diagnosis and that the use of a number of specific allergens in RAST is valuable in pinpointing the offending allergen in house dust hypersensitivity.

Allergens↗

PubMed1976

[Allergen-specific immunoglobulin E in the serum (RAST), skin tests and mucosa provocation tests using house dust and house mite extract in rhinopathy and bronchial asthma].

Allergy against house dust and house dust mite was examined by RAST, skin and provocation test, with not identical allergen extracts. 50 patients with allergic rhinitis showed insufficient RAST results with house dust, better results for house dust mite. 65 patients with allergic asthma bronchiale presented satisfying results with house dust, good results with house dust mite. Recommendations are given for the application of RAST in the diagnosis of allergy.

Allergens↗

PubMed1992

The colonisation of new houses by house dust mites (Acari: Pyroglyphidae).

House dust mites, Dermatophagoides species (Acari: Pyroglyphidae), produce allergens, known for the provocation of asthma and other allergic reactions. To determine the time needed for complete colonisation of a new house by house dust mites, dust samples were collected from carpets of houses varying from 2 weeks to 2 years in age. In contrast to the expectation, no relation was found between age of the houses on the one hand and average levels of mite-allergens Der pI and Der pII and mite numbers on the other. However, presence of dogs appeared to be positively related to allergen levels. Furthermore, carpets in bedrooms appeared to contain more allergens than carpets in living-rooms. Finally, the age of the mattress was not related to allergen levels of bedroom floors.

Allergens↗

PubMed1989

A quick and simple quantitative method to monitor house fly populations in caged layer houses.

A simple quantitative method (moving sticky tape) to monitor house fly populations in commercial caged layer houses was described and compared with a standard monitoring (spot card) method routinely used in egg houses. Numbers of flies counted by the sticky tape method were highly correlated (.78, P = .005) with those obtained with the spot card method. The moving sticky tape method is quicker and easier to use than the spot card method. The moving sticky tape method has been used satisfactorily since 1985 by the authors and cooperating service managers of commercial caged layer houses to monitor house flies in integrated pest management programs. A fixed sticky tape method was also compared with the spot card method; there was no significant correlation between the numbers of flies counted by these two methods.

Animals↗

PubMed1990

House dust mites and atopic dermatitis. A case-control study on the significance of house dust mites as etiologic allergens in atopic dermatitis.

The occurrence of house dust mites was measured in homes of 24 patients with atopic dermatitis, 30 patients with mite-sensitive asthma and 32 patients with asthma not related to house dust mites. Patients with mite-positive asthma and patients with atopic dermatitis had significantly higher exposure to house dust mites compared with patients with mite-negative asthma. For atopic dermatitis the higher exposure to house dust mites corresponded to a relative risk of 4.7 and a clear dose-response relationship was demonstrated between exposure and risk of disease in the subgroups of patients with atopic dermatitis. The present epidemiologic results support the idea that house dust mites may be an etiologic factor in a proportion of adult patients with atopic dermatitis.

Allergens↗

PubMed1977

[The importance of house dust mites and stored food mites as house dust allergens in the rural population].

House dust samples from rural districts contain more mite species (in particular stored food mites) than samples from urban areas, and the total number of mites is also approximately three times greater. 77 patients from rural districts, 48 of whom allergic to their own house dust, and 29 controls, were tested with mite extracts from Dermatophagoides pteronyssimus, D. farinae, Chortoglyphus arcuatus, Acarus siro, Glycyphagus destructor and Tyrophagus putrescentiae, and a house dust extract. Out of 32 patients who showed positive scratch tests to one or more mite extracts, 29 (90,6 percent) reacted positively to D. pteronyssimus, 25 (78.1 percent) to D. farinae and from 7 to 12 (20-40 percent) to the stored food mites. Out of the 48 patients allergic to their own house dust, 27 (56.2 percent showed positive reactions to D. pteronyssinus, 24 (50.0 percent) to the house dust extract and 21 (43.7 percent) to D. farinae. Only 5 (17.2 percent) out of the 29 controls reacted positively to one or more of the solutions tested. The stored food mites showed 2.5 to 4.5 times more positive reactions in the rural patients compared with the results obtained in urban patients. The importance of these mites in the sensitization of patients from rural districts is discussed.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1976

House dust mite and house dust allergy.

Skin testing and the radioallergosorbent test (RAST) with extracts of house dust and mite (D. farinae) were performed on 100 patients. Correlation between positive prick tests with the two antigens was low, many more reactions being obtained with the house dust antigen in patients clinically positive to house dust. Also, for both antigens, the degree of reactivity was higher with the prick test than with RAST. It is concluded that, in this geographic area, house dust extract is more suitable than mite extract for skin testing and, by inference, for hyposensitization therapy of house dust-sensitive patients.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1975

Housing characteristics and the well-being of elderly tenants in federally assisted housing.

The relationship between sponsorship, community size, building size (number of dwelling units) and height of building, on the one hand, and six indices of well-being of elderly tenants, on the other, was examined in a study of 2457 subjects from 154 federally-assisted housing projects. Control was exercised on a variety of personal variables prior to the examination of the environmental relationships to well-being. Private nonprofit sponsorship was associated with higher friendship scores and greater activity participation. Tenants in smaller communities had higher friendship scores, greater housing satisfaction, and greater activity participation. Housing satisfaction was greater in projects that were smaller in terms of total number of units but was not related to size when size was defined in terms of elderly-designated units. Thus, only marginal support for Barker's undermanning hypothesis was found. Greater height of building was associated with lower housing satisfaction and less neighborhood motility.

Aged↗

PubMed1976

Accudosetm aerosol--an effective house fly (Diptera; Muscidae: Musca domestica L.) adulticide control system for cage type poultry houses.

An automatic piped aerosol system (Accudose TM) using 0.7% synergized pyrethrin insecticide, was tested at a typical narrow cage poultry farm for the control of adult house flies, Musca domestica L. A similar narrow cage poultry farm was used as a control with all house fly control measures left up to the cooperating poultryman. AccudoseTM was compared with other house fly control methods at other similar farms which included three types of man-portable ultra volume (ULV) generators and an integrated (biological-chemical) program. Results of the five month test demonstrated that the AccudoseTM system suppressed house fly populations better than other control methods.

Aerosols↗

PubMed1992

Normal housing: a key element of a supported housing approach for people with psychiatric disabilities.

This article summarizes current thinking in the field about the types of housing environments which are most relevant both to the overall goal of community integration, and to the variety of specific support needs of individuals with psychiatric disabilities. Within the context of a "supported housing" approach, which focuses on maximizing consumers choices and preferences, using integrated regular housing stock, and making a full array of community supports available, the authors propose a number of specific criteria which can be useful to community mental health organizations in planning for, or selecting housing.

Community Mental Health Services↗

PubMed1977

A comparative study of long-stay psychiatric patients discharged to boarding houses and satellite houses.

A comparative psychosocial study of two groups of long-stay psychiatric patients discharged from Callan Park Hospital to boarding houses and satellite houses in the Callan Park Hospital region is reported. It was concluded that the social and vocational functioning of both groups was at a low level but that satellite house residents had more spare money and described a less institutionalized and a more homely environment in satellite houses.

Attitude to Health↗

PubMed1979

[Immunological investigations of house-dust and house-dust mites. Part III. A simplified basophil degranulation test. Preliminary communication (author's transl)].

The basophil degranulation test (BDT) after Shelley has been simplified and tried on patients allergic to house-dust or to house-dust mites. All 20 patients reacted to the mite extracts and 19 out of 20 to the house dust extracts. Out of 20 control persons 17 had negative results to the mite extract and 16 to the house-dust extract. The advantages of this new simplified method are discussed.

Basophils↗

PubMed1988

Comparison of health of occupants and characteristics of houses among control homes and homes insulated with urea formaldehyde foam. II. Initial health and house variables and exposure-response relationships.

A health survey was conducted on 1726 occupants of urea formaldehyde foam insulated (UFFI) houses and 720 residents of control homes. The occupants of the UFFI houses showed a modest excess of many symptoms relative to the controls. This excess of complaints was contributed mainly by the residents of households which were intending to have their UFFI removed and by onsets which followed the installation of UFFI. There were no associated abnormalities in nasal airway resistance, sense of smell, pulmonary function, or patch tests for allergy to formaldehyde. However, the UFFI subjects intending to have their UFFI removed demonstrated a small increase in nasal epithelial squamous metaplasia. The indoor formaldehyde levels of the UFFI houses were about 20% higher than in the controls, while the carbon dioxide levels were similar in both groups. The UFFI subjects showed positive relationships between level of formaldehyde exposure and the presence of a number of symptoms, which were largely dependent on a small group of formaldehyde values that were in excess of 0.12 ppm. A number of the exposure-response relationships were enhanced by UFFI. These results suggested that some adverse health effects of UFFI were explained by formaldehyde alone while others were related to the combined effects of formaldehyde and an additional UFFI-related factor(s) which was not identified.

Carbon Dioxide↗

PubMed1991

[Housing for the handicapped--handicapped housing?].

The article in the first line points out the housing problems faced by people with a severe physical handicap, especially with regard to nursing/care dependence. In this framework, linkages are established with the needs associated with housing, the various practical approaches in the satisfaction of housing needs are outlined. The legal basis with regard to architectural aspects as well as relative to the financing mechanisms for nursing/care and income maintenance are essential factors in view of their practical implementation, as is the acquisition of life skills on the part of those concerned. A number of possible changes in these respects are described.

Architectural Accessibility↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[House-dust allergens. II. Correlations of intradermal reactions of house-dust extract and extract of "D. pteronyssinus"].

In a previous study we had found a high correlation between the positive reaction to standard house dust and to a mites pool extract of 0.86. The study had indicated that the dominant mite found in standard house dust in Barcelona seemed to be D. pteronyssinus. We wished to further confirm this finding by comparing skin reactions to an extract of this mite with skin reactions to the city's dust. A dust extract (HDS-B) was prepared according to the Spieksma technique in a proportion of W/V 1/10 and diluted to 1/1,000 with the liquid of the extract. Extracts of D. pteronyssinus were prepared with a culture medium (HDM), diluted to 1/1,000,000 and a control of thc culture medium at 1/100. A study was made of 56 children suffering from asthma due to house dust, their ages ranging from 4-14 years. 19 were eliminated due to positive reactions to the control. Among the remaining 37 a skin-reaction to histamine ratio was established. The correlation coefficient found was 0.91, which is significant at a level of P less than 0.001. It is also noteworthy that of the nineteen children (33.9%) who reacted to the control, 10 (17.85%) of them reacted positively with at least 2-3 crosses, which leads us to think that human dander may act as a lesser allergen. We therefore conclude that: 1. D. pteronyssinus is the principal source of allergen in domestic dust. 2. The precise role of human skin dander needs to be clarified.

Allergens↗