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Results for “Human Coprophagia”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1979

Treatment of a retarded child's faeces smearing and coprophagic behaviour.

The daily rearrangement of a profoundly retarded child's routine shower was effective in eliminating his low-frequency faeces smearing and coprophagic behaviour during the late afternoon/early evening part of the day. The effects appeared to generalise such that both types of behaviour were reduced at other times of the day and night. These results are discussed in terms of a social learning framework. A model for analysing the motivations and reinforcing conditions for rectal digging, coprophagy, and smearing faeces is also presented.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The entrainment of caecotrophy-rhythm of the rabbit following 6- and 12-h phase-shifts of the Zeitgeber.

By means of automatic registration of hard faeces excretion the caecotrophy-rhythm of 10 rabbits was monitored. In the animals a negative phase angle difference existed between 'lights on' and the start of caecotrophy in LD 12:12. Five rabbits practised caecotrophy once and 5 rabbits twice/24 h. Following 6-h phase-shifts of the LD-regimen the caecotrophy-rhythm was shifted in the same direction as the Zeitgeber. The time of re-entrainment for advance shifts of caecotrophy is significantly longer than for delay shifts. The inversion of the Zeitgeber causes caecotrophy to be delay-shifted in all animals.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Observations on coprophagy and the transmission of Hymenolepis nana infections in mice.

Young, previously uninfected white mice became infected with Hymenolepis nana when exposed in small cages to parasite eggs which had been sprinkled in suspension onto the floor of their cage, or to faeces from mice with patent infections. The mean daily probabilities of infection for individual eggs under these two conditions were 2-9 X 10(-6) and 5-4 X 10(-6) respectively. If the mice were starved for 24 h prior to exposure to faeces, then the mean daily probability of infection increased to 2-6 X 10(-4). These differences in transmission are interpreted as being due to differences in the extent of coprophagy; they are not due to any effect of starvation on the hatchability of eggs.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Effect of alfalfa saponins on intestinal cholesterol absorption in rats.

Five to 20 mg of saponins obtained from alfalfa tops or roots were introduced intragastrically in rats also receiving oral and intravenous ring-labeled cholesterol. The saponins were tested before and after partial acid hydrolysis. Absorption of cholesterol was determined by estimation of fecal sterols and by a dual isotope technique involving assay of plasma radioactivity. Alfalfa top saponins (nonhydrolyzed) reduced absorption of cholesterol. Acid hydrolysis of alfalfa top or root saponins enhanced their ability to inhibit cholesterol absorption.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Vices of dogs.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Aggression↗
PubMed1977

Use of rabbits for GI drug absorption studies.

A novel procedure to control the stomach emptying rate in rabbits is presented. Rabbits were given a special solid diet for 1 week, and then the gastric contents were washed out with saline. Then the rabbits were muzzled to prevent coprophagy during the night. Fifty grams of special soft diet given to the "stomach-emptying-controlled" rabbit transferred exponentially from the stomach into the small intestine and almost disappeared from the stomach within 5 hr. Griseofulvin, indomethacin, or nalidixic acid was administered in a hard gelatin capsule or tablet, with subsequent feeding of a special soft diet. Good correlations were observed between the plasma level-time curves of these drugs in the stomach-emptying-controlled rabbits and in human subjects.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Role of sucrose in colonization of Streptococcus mutans in conventional Sprague-Dawley rats.

The role of sucrose in the colonization of S mutans strain 6715 in conventional Sprague-Dawley rats was studied. A diet with 56% sucrose favored the oral colonization of the test strain compared to diets with 56% glucose or fructose or to laboratory chow as determined by recoveries from extracted teeth ground in tissue grinders. S mutans strain 6715 cells became well established in all rats fed a high sucrose diet with cell inoculums ranging from 10(8) to the lowest effective dose of 10(5) CFU once orally administered; in rats on nonsucrose diets, inoculation with even the highest dose only infrequently resulted in the establishment of S mutans strain 6715. Sucrose- and glucose- grown cells appeared to behave similarly. Colonization of S mutans strain 6715 occurred in all rats fed diets with a sucrose content ranging from 56 to as low as 1%. The establishment of S mutans strain 6715 on the teeth of rats fed diets with a sucrose concentration of 0.1 or 0.01% was impaired and comparable to the diet containing 56% glucose. In rats fed a high glucose diet, uniform establishment and persistence of the test strain occurred after frequent inoculations with about 5 X 10(8) CFU. The colonization under these conditions appeared to be independent of the intestinal canal as a bacterial cell source. These data suggest the possibility that S mutans can establish itself in the human mouth in the absence of dietary sucrose. In rats fed a high glucose diet and inoculated with 10(7) CFU or less, the cells gradually disappeared from the teeth; in contrast, the test strain implanted well in rats fed the sucrose favors firmer attachment of initially weakly attached cells via in situ new glucan synthesis. S mutans strain 6715 also appeared to have some affinity for teeth in the absence of dietary sucrose that may be of ecological significance. Once firmly established in rats fed a high sucrose diet, S mutans strain 6715 maintained itself in high numbers on the teeth after a switch to a high glucose diet during a 14-week period.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Effect of coprophagy on bile acid metabolism in the rabbit.

The effect of coprophagy on the 7 alpha-dehydroxylation of biliary bile acids was studied in the rabbit. Bile acid composition of bile and intestinal contents was analyzed by gas-liquid chromatography and thin layer chromatography. Biliary bile acid composition of normal rabbits (n = 5) was: deoxycholic acid, 95.3 +/- 1.0SE % and cholic acid, 2.3 +/- 1.1SE %. When coprophagy was prevented, significant alterations were observed in biliary bile acid composition, including a considerable decrease in deoxycholic acid (82.5 +/- 2.8SE %, p less than 0.01) and a marked increase in cholic acid (15.2 +/- 3.0SE %, p less than 0.002). These results indicate that coprophagy is a factor causing an increase of the 7 alpha-dehydroxylated bile acid, deoxycholic acid (and lithocholic acid when the animals were fed chenodeoxycholic acid) in rabbit bile.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Role of coprophagy in masking dietary deficiencies of cystine in the rat.

When a diet containing raw soybean was fed to rats, there was an increase in the synthesis of pancreatic protein, presumably exocrine protein, as evidenced by an increased uptake of [35S]cystine. There was also an increased transsulfuration of methionine sulfur as indicated by labeled sulfur transformation from methionine to cystine. This same pattern of events was produced in rats receiving a casein-containing diet when 50 mg of crystalline trypsin inhibitor was administered by gavage. However, if coprophagy was prevented, the increased uptake of [35S]cystine and [35S]methionine transsulfuration under both dietary conditions was blocked. It was found that prevention of coprophagy was without effect upon these two processes if supplementary dietary cystine was provided or if a dietary protein source with adequate cystine, i.e., heat-treated soybean, was provided. It was concluded that by practicing coprophagy, sufficient fecal cystine was being returned to the upper intestinal tract to permit some synthesis of pancreatic exocrine protein and with this stimulation of synthesis, transulfuration could proceed. This assumes that the biosynthesis of cystine is dependent upon the availability of sufficient cystine to permit active protein synthesis. In another situation where cystine requirement is high, namely, the rapidly growing rat, a limited amount of cystine was fed by providing a 12% casein diet. Either supplementary cystine or methionine was provided and it was found that both amino acids gave optimal growth in conventional rats, but when coprophagy was prevented, optimal growth was achieved only with the cystine-supplemented diet.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Coprophagia as seen in thoroughbred foals.

Four Thoroughbred foals were seen to quickly eat part of the faeces deposited by their own dams on some 40 per cent of the mare-defaecating occasions observed between the second and fifth week after birth. They did not do it before or after this period. This behaviour was thought to be a feeding pattern which formed a normal part of the foal's development.

Animals↗