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Results for “Human Life Amendment”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1982

Beyond abortion: the potential reach of a human life amendment.

In Roe v. Wade, the Supreme Court held that the constitutionally protected right to privacy includes a woman's right to terminate pregnancy. Following the decision, anti-abortion groups turned to Congress to limit or negate that right. As a result of their efforts, several "human life" statutes and constitutional amendments have been proposed. This Article focuses on the implications of proposed amendments that seek to ban or limit the availability of abortions indirectly by broadening the definition of "person" to include unborn individuals. The Article discusses the potentially serious effects such an amendment would have in areas unrelated to abortion. It finds that the resulting chaos and uncertainty would have great social costs, and concludes that if abortions are to be banned or restricted, a human life amendment that directly deals with abortion is preferable to one that defines "person" to include the unborn.

Abortion, Legal↗
PubMed1980

Prednisolone disposition in cushingoid and noncushingoid kidney transplant patients.

Little information is available on the disposition of prednisolone in kidney transplant patients and whether correlations exist between the pharmacokinetics and therapeutic or toxic effects of this drug. The present study was designed to determine the pharmacokinetics of prednisolone in six noncushingoid and six cushingoid transplant recipients. The elimination half-lives were not significantly different in the noncushingoid and cushingoid patients (2.3 vs. 3.3 h). However, other pharmacokinetic parameters were significantly lower in the cushingoid group: plasma clearance (147 vs. 82 ml/min) and volume of distribution (32 vs. 20 liters). In addition, the availability of prednisolone after oral prednisone administration was considerably variable (overall range, 27-108%) and was not significantly different between the two groups. Thus, in kidney transplant patients it appears that the plasma clearance and volume of distribution of prednisolone may distinguish between noncushingoid and cushingoid patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Disposition of total and unbound prednisolone in renal transplant patients receiving anticonvulsants.

Kidney transplant patients receiving phenytoin or phenobarbital may have decreased graft survival. These drugs have been shown to enhance the metabolism of glucocorticoids. We determined the disposition of total and unbound prednisolone in six stable kidney transplant patients receiving prednisone for immunosuppression and phenytoin or phenobarbital for a seizure disorder. Six similar patients not on anticonvulsants served as controls. A single intravenous dose of prednisolone was administered, and plasma samples were analyzed for prednisolone using a high-performance liquid chromatographic assay. Equilibrium dialysis was used to determine unbound prednisolone concentrations. Pharmacokinetic analysis showed that the half-life of prednisolone was shorter in the anticonvulsant group compared to the controls, based on both total (2.3 +/- 0.4 vs. 3.4 +/- 0.2 hr (SD), P less than 0.01) and unbound (1.7 +/- 0.3 vs. 2.4 +/- 0.2 hr, P less than 0.01) concentrations. Total drug clearance was 10.4 +/- 2.8 liters/hr (0.171 +/- 0.087 liters/hr X kg) in the anticonvulsant group versus 7.2 +/- 1.2 liters/hr (0.100 +/- 0.014 liters/hr X kg) in the controls (P less than 0.05). Unbound prednisolone clearance was 57.2 +/- 12.1 versus 46.4 +/- 8.7 liters/hr (P greater than 0.05) and for weight-corrected estimates 0.886 +/- 0.224 liters/hr X kg versus 0.644 +/- 0.115 liters/hr X kg (P less than 0.05) in the two groups, respectively. Thus, the disposition of prednisolone is altered by anticonvulsants in kidney transplant patients and may require dose alteration.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Analysis of costs and outcomes of renal transplantation at one center. Its implications.

A cost increase of more than 900% for medical services to dialysis patients and transplant recipients has been projected during the decade 1974 to 1984. To evaluate the role of renal transplantation in the End-Stage Renal Disease Program, we analyzed direct costs and patient outcomes in 466 consecutive transplants at our center. A successful transplant from either a living related or cadaver donor cost less than +7,000 per year for two years of graft function. The cost of transplants rejected during the second year also proved cost-effective when compared with the yearly costs of maintenance-facility hemodialysis. Patient survival was 100% at two years for recipients of a transplant from a living related donor and 84% at two years for recipients of a transplant from a cadaver. Renal transplantation can reduce the rising costs for end-stage renal disease patient care, without reducing life expectancy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Sensitization to early life stress and response to chemical odors in older adults.

This study examined the hypothesis that older persons who currently report illness from environmental chemical odors (cacosmia) may have experienced higher levels of stress early in life than did noncacosmic controls. The hypothesis derives from a time-dependent sensitization (TDS) model for cacosmia (Bell et al 1992) that predicts a relative interchangeability of stress and chemicals in inducing and eliciting sensitized responses in vulnerable individuals. Subjects were selected from those in the top 24% (cacosmic) and bottom 27% (noncacosmic) of a sample of 192 older adults (mean age 73.8 years) for self-reported frequency of illness form the odors of pesticide, car exhaust, paint, perfume, and new carpet. As in previous investigations, cacosmics were younger, more depressed, and more shy; cacosmics also included a higher proportion of women (83% versus 61%). As predicted, cacosmics rated themselves higher in stress for the first four decades of their lives, but not the recent past or present, even after controlling for depression, anxiety, hostility, shyness, age, and gender. Cacosmics reported increased prevalence of physician-diagnosed nasal allergies, breast cysts, hypothyroidism, sinusitis, food sensitivities, irritable bowel, and migraine headache. Only 4% of the overall sample (including 9% of the cacosmics) acknowledged the controversial physician diagnosis of "chemical sensitivity." The replicated observation of greater shyness in cacosmics is consistent with the ability of hyperreactivity to novelty to predict enhanced susceptibility to TDS from low levels of pharmacological agents in animals. The findings support a TDS model for cacosmia and suggest that cacosmia as a symptom identifies a large subset of the nonindustrial population with significant psychophysiological health problems that merit further objective examination.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

[Life expectancy and "premature mortality" in the Democratic Republic of Germany. An analysis from the surgical viewpoint].

An analysis was made of medical statistics on life and death, over the past decades, with reference being made to some key data of the national economy. The period under review had largely been a phase of stagnation, though progress was recordable by substantial criteria in some important areas of surgery, despite restrictions on finding, equipment, and personnel. This analysis, hopefully, will be helpful in proper appraisal of public health performance in the period under review. An additional analysis will have to show, if life expectancy and premature mortality, the two parameters analysed in this study, can be improved, in the future, solely by amendments to the organisational setup, financing, and strategy of the national health system.

Adolescent↗