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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1978

Effects of insulin, human placental lactogen and human growth hormone of DNA synthesis in organ cultures of benign human breast tumours.

Nineteen benign human breast tumours, from 19 premenopausal patients, were processed into slices and each tumour was individually cultured for 2 days in Medium 199. The effects of bovine insulin (5.0 microgram/ml) human placental lactogen (10.0 microgram/ml) and human growth hormone (10.0 microgram/ml) on 3H-thymidine incorporation into DNA were determined on the cultured tumour slices. Insulin and human placental lactogen significantly (P less than 0.01) increased the mean incorporation of [3H]TdR into DNA, whereas human growth hormone was ineffective. These results provide evidence that insulin and human placental lactogen, but not human growth hormone, may be important factors in the aetiology of benign human breast tumours.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1978

Lung uptake to technetium-99m microaggregated human albumin in the rat after treatment with microaggregated human albumin or macroaggregated human albumin.

Marked accumulation in lung and liver of intravenously--injected 99mTc-microaggregated human serum albumin (liver imaging agent) was observed in rats pretreated with the subcutaneous injection of microaggregated or macroaggregated human serum albumin, whereas accumulation of 99mTc-microaggregated human serum albumin was observed only in the liver of rats pretreated with plain human serum albumin or in non-treated control rats. The activity of the intravenously-administered 99mTc-sulfur colloid was concentrated in the liver and spleen only and not in the lung, of rats previously treated with human serum albumin, microaggregated human serum albumin, or macroaggregated human serum albumin. These observations suggest that the specific accumulation of microaggregated human serum albumin in the lung of rats pretreated with aggregated albumin is due to rapid in vivo clumping of injected particles, possibly due to antigen-antibody reaction.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Necessity for two human chromosomes for human chorionic gonadotropin production in human-mouse hybrids.

Through a series of human-mouse hybrids we have identified that two human chromosomes, 10 and 18, must be present for production of the pregnancy protein hormone human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). Human choriocarcinoma cells producing hCG were hybridized to mouse cells. From 49 independent clones three hybrid clones continued to produce whole hCG. Chromosomal analysis was done on the 3 producer clones and 5 nonproducer clones. The additional 41 nonproducer clones were genetically characterized by isozymes. Only when chromosomes 10 and 18 were present in a clone would the whole hCG molecule be produced. Clones with only 10 or only 18 did not produce hormone. Nine subclones of a producer clone confirmed this observation. Three subclones retaining both 10 and 18 continued to produce hCG. This study demonstrated the need to use cellular chromosome data and population enzyme data to identify two chromosomes necessary for hCG production in heterogeneous human-mouse hybrids.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Genetic analysis of the human cell surface: antigenic marker for the human X chromosome in human-mouse hybrids.

Somatic cell hybrids of human fibroblasts and mouse A9 cells, carrying only a portion of the human X chromosome in a mouse chromosome background, were injected into C3H mice. The resulting mouse anti-hybrid cell antisera contain antibodies found to be human specific and to react with only those hybrid cells carrying the human X chromosome, as confirmed by essentially perfect concordance between antibody binding assayed by indirect immunofluorescence and presence of the human X-linked enzyme hypoxanthine phosphoribosyl-transferase determined by autoradiographic assay of [3H] hypoxanthine utilization. Heterogeneous mixtures of hybrid cells may be analyzed into fluorescent (X plus) and nonfluorescent (X minus) subpopulations and fractionated viably by using a fluorescence-activated cell sorter.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Human tumor and rodent-human hybrid cells with an increased number of active human NORs.

A human fibrosarcoma line, HT1080-6TG, with a near diploid number of chromosomes, has an average of 7.3 chromosomes with an Ag-stained nucleolus organizer region (NOR). Cells of this line with an increased number of chromosomes have an increased number of Ag-stained NORs. This cell line has been used as the human parent in constructing mouse-human and rat-human hybrids that segregate rodent chromosomes. The hybrid ccell lines, which have 100 or more chromosomes per cell, show a proportionate increase in the number of Ag-stained NORs (means, 11.4--16.8). The frequency of association of acrocentric chromosomes increases in a similar fashion. There is no evidence of inactivation of human NORs in these cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Complement-mediated antiserum cytotoxic reactions to human chromosome 7 coded antigen(s): immunoselection of rearranged human chromosome 7 in human-mouse somatic cell hybrids.

Immunoselection via complement-dependent lysis of human-mouse somatic cell hybrids containing chromosome 7, with antisera reactive to cell surface antigen(s) coded for by chromosome 7, has resulted in growth of somatic cell hybrids containing rearranged human chromosome 7s. Investigation of these hybrids has localized the gene(s) coding for the relevant cell surface antigen(s) to the short arm of human chromosome 7. The simian virus 40 integration site and the gene coding for human beta-glucuronidase appear to be localized to the long arm of chromosome 7 in this hybrid clone.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Membrane characteristics of established human T- and B-cell lines. Cross-reactivity of human T-antigenic determinants with peripheral lymphocytes of non-human primates and the presence of MLC antigens on cultured T-cell lines.

Human T-cell lines (MOLT-4 and SOMMER-T) were injected into rabbits and monkeys (stumptail and squirrel monkeys). Rabbit anti-MOLT serum was absorbed with human liver and cultured B cells. Absorbed anti-MOLT serum was cytotoxic to lymphocytes of baboons and stumptail monkeys. Rabbit anti-MOLT and SOMMER-T sera after absorption with liver and B cell showed florescent ring formation in baboon and stumptail lymphocytes by using immunoflurescence techniques. On the other hand, antisera against MOLT and SOMMER-T cells in stumptail and squirrel monkeys were not only cytotoxic to MOLT and SOMMER-T cells, but also to other T-cell lines, CCRF-CEM and CCRF-HSB-2 cells. Cultured B-cell lines stimulated allogeneic and xenogeneic (rabbit and monkeys) lymphocytes far better than cultured T-cells lines did. T-cell lines, CCRF-HSB-2 and SOMMER-T (number 8402), gave small but significant stimulation to allogenic lymphocytes especially in the presence of foetal calf serum. MOLT-4B failed to stimulatie allogeneic lymphocytes. When lymphocytes of non-human primates and rabbit were cultured with human B- and T-cell lines in the presence of foetal calf serum, CCRF-HSB-2 and SOMMER-T cells stimulated xenogeneic lymphocytes of rabbit, squirrel monkey and stumptail monkey. MOLT-4 cells stimulated lymphocytes of baboon to some extent. These results indicate that although cultured B-cell lines had more mixed lyphocyte reaction (MLR) stimulating structure than T-cell lines, the latter still maintained some stimulating structure on the membrances.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Lysis of human normal and sarcoma cells in tissue culture by normal human serum: implications for experiments in human tumor immunology.

Sera from 8 of 9 patients with osteogenic sarcoma equally lysed autologous tissue-cultured cells of both skin and osteosarcoma in the presence of complement. Of 155 normal human sera tested, 103 (66%) lysed allogeneic normal ksin in tissue culture. These antibodies appeared more prevalent in younger (96% in ages 11-20 yr) than older (33% in ages 41-50 yr) humans. The presence of these "natural" antibodies against normal and malignant cells growing in tissue culture was possibly directed against components adsorbed to the cells during tissue culture or to "new" cell-surface antigens expressed by these cells grown in tissue culture. These non-tumor-related neoantigens on normal and malignant cells in tissue culture represented a potential source of confusion in studies of the serologic response of humans to tumors.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Demonstration of dual rhinovirus infection in humans by isolation of different serotypes in human heteroploid (HeLa) and human diploid fibroblast cell cultures.

The ability to isolate rhinoviruses in human heteroploid cell cultures was investigated by inoculating HeLa cells (HeLa M) with specimens previously shown to be positive in human diploid cell cultures. The 135 positive specimens selected were representative of 22 different rhinovirus types, and 4 to 9 specimens were available for each serotype. Specimens were inoculated into human diploid fetal tonsil fibroblasts (FT), HeLa cells with 30 mM Mg2+, and HeLa cells without increased Mg2+. One hundred twelve rhinovirus strains (83%) were reisolated in FT cells, whereas 76 rhinovirus strains (56%) were recovered in HeLa cells with 30 mM Mg2+. All strains recovered in FT were the same serotype as that originally recovered in diploid cells, but five of the HeLa cell isolates (3.7% of total specimens) were different serotypes, indicating dual rhinovirus infections. Four rhinovirus serotypes, (3, 42, 48, and 70) were recovered in HeLa but not in diploid cells; these serotypes were rare in our previous studies. Isolation of rhinovirus in FT cells was usually accomplished at first passage, whereas rhinovirus cytopathic effects in HeLa cells were not observed at first passage, but required one, two, or (rarely) three blind passages. Only 28 rhinoviruses (21%) were recovered in HeLa cells without increased Mg2+; however, three serotypes, types 16, 36, and 58, were recovered as effectively in HeLa cells, with or without added Mg2+, as they were in FT cells. In general, rhinoviruses were less efficiently recovered in HeLa cells; however, certain serotypes may be detected better by HeLa cells.

Cell Line↗
PubMed1976

Human interferon and cell growth inhibition. I. Inhibitory effect of human interferon on the growth rate of cultured human cells.

Human interferon inhibited the growth rate of cultured human cells. These included diploid fibroblast cells from embryonal lung and skin, established lines of HeLa and U-amnion cells, all grown in monolayer; and the established lymphoblastoid line P3HR1 grown in suspension. Cells growing fast were inhibited to a higher degree than those growing slowly. The inhibitory effect was dose dependent but the dose-dependency was different in various cell types. The inhibitory effect of leukocyte interferon and fibroblast interferon was quantitatively comparable.

Cell Count↗
PubMed1977

Detection of human C-type "helper" viruses in human leukemic bone marrow with murine sarcoma virus-transformed human and rat non-producer cells.

Bone-marrow cells from two leukemic children were co-cultivated with the leukemic children A 7573. In early passages, C-type oncornaviruses were released as detected by extracellular reverse transcriptase assay. Co-cultivation of the infected canine cells with the non-producing cell lines R-970-5 (human) or K-NRK (rat) both transformed by Kirsten mouse sarcoma virus (MSV) yielded a new pseudotype of MSV that could transform rat embryo, rabbit SIRC and human kidney cells but not mouse embryo cells. The focur formation could be inhibited by an antiserum to the simian sarcoma virus but not by a serum directed against murine leukemia virus. A cell line derived from a focus of transformed cells became a highe virus is related to the simian sarcoma virus. It is concluded that the leukemic bone-marrow cells produce a C-type oncornavirus that can serve as a helper virus to the defective MSV.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1979

Immunocytochemical localization of human choriogonadotropin in human malignant trophoblast. Model for human choriogonadotropin secretion.

Human choriogonadotropin (HCG) and its subunits have been studied immunocytochemically using a recently developed unlabeled antibody method. Factors influencing the antigenicity of HCG and its subunits were explored, and optimum conditions were determined. HCG has been successfully localized at the cellular level using paraffin-embedded tissues. Several antibodies to HCG or its subunits were evaluated for specificity using rigorous immunologic controls. This methodology was applied to placental tissue, in vitro choriocarcinoma, and in vitro breast carcinoma. HCGbeta and HCGalpha were localized in the syncytial trophoblast of first trimester placenta with cytotrophoblast cell islands and Langhans' cells being negative. Conditions of stimulated and unstimulated HCG production have been explored in the BeWo line of malignant trophoblast. Stimulation was accomplished by treatment with dibutyryl cyclic AMP and theophylline for varying periods of time. Only 6 per cent of the cells could be shown to be producing HCGbeta and HCGalpha in the unstimulated condition. Stimulation increased this percentage to 70 and 18 per cent, respectively, after 24 hours of treatment. Ultrastructural localization has shown that the mechanism of synthesis and secretion of HCG follows a pathway that is not as extensively developed as that of the pituitary hormones.

Cells, Cultured↗
PubMed1978

Chromosomal localization of human beta globin gene on human chromosome 11 in somatic cell hybrids.

We have successfully used a DNA.cDNA molecular hybridization assay to directly determine the presence or absence of human beta globin gene sequences in 20 human-mouse somatic cell hybrids, each of which contained a different subset of human chromosomes. The assay is specific for the individual human globin genes and will detect the presence of a globin gene if the relevant chromosome is present in only 10% of the cells of a hybrid population. The content of human chromosomes in each hybrid clone was characterized by Giemsa 11 staining, Giemsa trypsin-Hoechst 33258 staining, and by the use of 22 independent isozyme markers for 17 different human chromosomes. All human chromosomes were present in one or more cell lines devoid of the human beta globin gene except for 6, 8, 9, 11, and 13. Among these latter chromosomes, only chromosome 11 was present in the six hybrid clones that contained the human beta globin gene. In fact, chromosome 11 was the only human chromosome that was present in all of the six hybrid clones found to be positive for the human beta globin gene. Two sister clones, 157-BNPT-1 and 157-BNPT-4, had similar subsets of human chromosomes except that 11 was present only in 157-BNPT-4. 157-BNPT-4 contained the human beta globin gene while 157-BNPT-1 did not. DNA from three hybrid lines was also annealed to purified human gamma globin cDNA; two lines positive for human beta globin gene sequences also contained human gamma globin gene sequences while one line was negative for both beta and gamma gene sequences. On the basis of these results, the human beta and gamma globin genes have been assigned to human chromosome 11.

Chromosomes, Human, 6-12 and X↗
PubMed1977

Iron absorption from human milk, simulated human milk, and proprietary formulas.

Studies from our laboratory have shown that iron is better absorbed from human milk than from cow milk and that human milk can provide insufficient iron for infants during their first year. We compared iron availability from human milk with that from other formulas and determined the factors responsible for its superiority. Adults were fed 100 ml of human milk, simulated human milk, simulated human milk containing added lactoferrin, two commercial formulas containing iron, 12 mg/qt, and human milk that had been boiled. The simulated human milk resembled human milk in concentration of protein, fat, carbohydrate, iron, total minerals, calcium, and phosphorus. Iron 59 was added to each feeding and iron incorporation into RBCs was determined 14 days after each feeding. Percent iron absorption was highest from human milk and lowest from the commercial formulas. The simulated human milk supported a 9.0% absorption; addition of lactoferrin reduced this to 4.7%. Net iron absorption was 0.12 mg/liter from human milk and 0.40 and 0.37 mg/liter from the iron-enriched commercial formulas. Absorption of iron from boiled human milk was the same as from the unboiled milk. This study confirms the unique ability of human milk to promote iron absorption. Simple manipulation of the protein, fat, lactose, calcium, phosphorus, or lactoferrin content of proprietary milk did not reproduce the iron absorption demonstrated with human milk.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Inhibition of reagin-mediated PCA reactions in monkeys and histamine release from human leukocytes by human IgG4 subclass.

Human myeloma proteins of IgG4 subclass in contrast to myeloma proteins IgG1, IgG2 and IgG3, were capable of blocking PCA reactions in monkeys mediated by human reaginic antibodies of IgE class. In addition to IgE, IgG4 myeloma protein was also capable of sensitizing leukocytes from normal individuals and gave histamine release (HR) upon challenge with anti-human IgG4. Leukocytes from 11 allergic individuals and from 9 normal subjects sensitized with the serum of allergic patients, were capable of releasing histamine with anti-human IgG4, anti-human IgE, and the specific allergen. No response was obtained with anti-human IgG1 and IgG3 sera. Leukocytes from the normal individuals released histamine from 3 to 20% with anti-human IgG4 and from 6 to 30% with anti-human IgE. Moreover, normal leukocytes sensitized with IgG4 myeloma protein or a serum of an allergic patient heated at 56 degrees C for 2 h, released a significant amount of histamine on challenge with anti-human IgG4 whereas no response was obtained with anti-human IgE. The biological role of human IgG4 in immediate hypersensitivity reactions is discussed in relation to human IgE.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Maintenance of replication patterns in human-mouse hybrids retaining only one human chromosome.

The time of termination of DNA replication of human chromosomes in human-mouse hybrids retaining only one human chromosome was analyzed. Hybrids between SV40-transformed human skin fibroblasts and mouse peritoneal macrophages were used for these studies. Data obtained from hybrids containing only human chromosome 7 or 17 were compared with data from related hybrids containing additional human chromosomes. When either human chromosome 7 or 17 was present alone, it terminated replication at the same stage of the S phase as in hybrids in which other human chromosomes were present (relative to the time of termination of replication of the mouse chromosomes). In comparing the hybrids containing single human chromosomes, it was found that chromosome 17 terminated replication much earlier than chromosome 7. Therefore, the relationship between the replication times of these chromosomes normally observed in human cells was maintained in the hybrids in the absence of all other human chromosomes. The results also indicate that the presence of SV40 gene sequences in chromosomes 7 and 17 did not alter the relative times of termination of replication of those chromosomes.

Animals↗