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9 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2026

Genetic diversity, phylogenetic relationships, and marker development between Hydrangea serrata and H. macrophylla based on plastome and 45S nrDNA.

Ornamental hydrangeas (genus Hydrangea) are cultivated worldwide for their diverse flower colors and attractive morphology. Here, we assembled the complete plastid genome (plastome) and 45S nuclear ribosomal DNA (45S nrDNA) sequences of 22 individuals representing H. serrata, H. macrophylla, and related species (H. arborescens, H. paniculata, H. petiolaris, and H. hydrangeoides). The plastomes contained up to 2,344 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 367 insertions/deletions (InDels) within the genus, whereas the assembled 45S nrDNA sequences showed 119 SNPs and 10 InDels. Phylogenetic analyses based on plastome and 45S nrDNA sequences clearly separated H. serrata and H. macrophylla from the other Hydrangea species. In the plastome-based tree, H. petiolaris was placed in the same clade as H. arborescens, whereas in the 45S nrDNA-based tree it showed a close relationship to H. hydrangeoides. The H. serrata and H. macrophylla samples were not always separated according to their species boundaries, as observed in samples Hse8-Hse12. Notably, one H. serrata sample (Hse8), collected from a wild mountainous region of Japan, exhibited a closer genetic relationship to H. macrophylla samples, indicating that cultivated hydrangeas may have originated from a specific wild lineage of H. serrata adapted to mountainous habitats. Using plastome-derived molecular markers, 66 Hydrangea samples were further classified into five groups, with Group II comprising both cultivated H. macrophylla and a subset of wild H. serrata samples, suggesting a close genetic affinity between this group and the ancestral gene pool of cultivated H. macrophylla. Based on these genomic resources, eight plastome-derived molecular markers were developed to differentiate cultivated hydrangeas from wild genotypes and to assess genetic diversity within H. serrata and H. macrophylla, providing practical tools for germplasm identification, breeding, and genetic resource management of Hydrangea species.

hydrangea↗
PubMed2026

Genome-wide AP2/ERF analysis identifies HmaERF87 as a positive regulator of Hydrangea macrophylla leaf spot resistance.

A total of 164 APETALA2/ethylene-responsive factor (AP2/ERF) genes were identified in Hydrangea macrophylla, and HmaERF87 positively contributes to leaf spot resistance. The APETALA2/ethylene-responsive factor (AP2/ERF) transcription factor family plays important roles in plant stress responses, but its contribution to disease resistance in Hydrangea macrophylla (hydrangea) remains poorly understood. In this study, 164 AP2/ERF genes were identified in the H. macrophylla genome and classified into APETALA2 (AP2), ethylene-responsive factor (ERF), dehydration-responsive element-binding (DREB), and related to ABI3/VP1 (RAV) subfamilies. Their chromosomal distribution, conserved motifs, gene structures, and duplication patterns were analyzed. A total of 46 pathogen-responsive H. macrophylla AP2/ERF (HmaERF) genes were identified from the RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) dataset of resistant and susceptible cultivar leaves collected before and after Corynespora cassiicola inoculation. Promoter analysis revealed that the HmaERF genes with upregulated expression post-C. cassiicola infection showed a higher frequency and copy number of jasmonate-responsive cis-regulatory elements, suggesting their possible involvement in hormone-mediated defense responses. Three infection-induced candidate genes, including HmaERF56, HmaERF87, and HmaERF129, were selected for functional validation using virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) in hydrangea leaf discs. Silencing of HmaERF87 expression via VIGS significantly increased lesion development after C. cassiicola inoculation, whereas the transient overexpression of HmaERF87 reduced the area of leaf disc lesions. Subcellular localization showed that the HmaERF87 protein was localized in the nucleus, and yeast assays indicated that its transcriptional activation activity was mainly associated with the C-terminal region of the protein. These results support a role for HmaERF87 as a positive regulator of H. macrophylla resistance to leaf spot disease and provide a candidate gene for further studies of disease resistance in hydrangea.

Plant Proteins↗
PubMed1992

Thunberginols A, B, and F, new antiallergic and antimicrobial principles from hydrangeae dulcis folium.

Six new antiallergic and antimicrobial principles, thunberginols A, B, C, D, E, and F, were isolated from Hydrangeae Dulcis Folium, the fermented and dried leaves of Hydrangea macrophylla SERINGE var. thunbergii MAKINO. The chemical structures of thunberginols A, B, and F have been determined on the basis of chemical and physiocochemical evidence. Thunberginols A, B, and F showed more potent antiallergic activity than phyllodulcin, hydrangenol, and AA-861 in the in vitro test using the Schults-Dale reaction in sensitized guinea pig bronchial muscle. Thunberginols A, B, and F also exhibited antimicrobial activity against oral bacteria.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Thunberginols C, D, and E, new antiallergic and antimicrobial dihydroisocoumarins, and thunberginol G 3'-O-glucoside and (-)-hydrangenol 4'-O-glucoside, new dihydroisocoumarin glycosides, from Hydrangeae Dulcis Folium.

New antiallergic and antimicrobial dihydroisocoumarins, thunberginols C, D, and E, were isolated from Hydrangeae Dulcis Folium, the fermented and dried leaves of Hydrangea macrophylla SERINGE var. thunbergii MAKINO, together with new dihydroisocoumarin glycosides, thunberginol G 3'-O-glucoside and (-)-hydrangenol 4'-O-glucoside. Their chemical structures have been determined on the basis of chemical and physicochemical evidence. Thunberginols C, D, E, G, and (-)-hydrangenol 4'-O-glucoside showed antiallergic activity in the in vitro bioassay using the Schults-Dale reaction in sensitized guinea pig bronchial muscle, and they also exhibited antimicrobial activity against oral bacteria.

Animals↗
PubMed2026

Molecular characterization and genome sequence analysis of Dichroa emaravirus, a putative novel member of the genus Emaravirus.

Hydrangea febrifuga (syn. Dichroa febrifuga) is a traditional medicinal plant distributed in China and Southeast Asia, and febrifugine, one of its principal bioactive constituents, has served as an important lead compound for antimalarial drug development. Viral infections may adversely affect the quality of medicinal plants; however, no emaravirus has previously been reported from H. febrifuga. Here, high-throughput sequencing was performed on H. febrifuga leaves exhibiting mosaic symptoms collected in Yunnan Province, China. Combined with RT-PCR, Sanger sequencing, and 5'/3' rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE), five full-length genomic RNA segments of a putative novel emaravirus, tentatively designated Dichroa emaravirus (DEV), were identified and characterized. The five negative-sense single-stranded RNA (-ssRNA) segments have a combined length of 12,971 nt and encode an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), glycoprotein precursor (GP), nucleocapsid protein (NP), movement protein (MP), and an uncharacterized accessory protein, P5. The maximum amino acid sequence identities of DEV P1-P4 with recognized emaraviruses were 73.90%, 51.82%, 65.60%, and 81.30%, respectively, whereas P5 showed a maximum identity of 49.16% with its closest homolog. Thus, three of the four core proteins had maximum identities below 80%, consistent with the current ICTV species demarcation criterion for the genus Emaravirus. Maximum-likelihood phylogenetic analyses based on the four core proteins further supported the placement of DEV within the genus Emaravirus (family Fimoviridae). These results support DEV as a putative novel emaravirus and represent the first report of an emaravirus associated with H. febrifuga.

Genome, Viral↗
PubMed1992

Inhibitory effects of plant secondary metabolites on cytotoxic activity of polymorphonuclear leucocytes.

The inhibitory effects of 151 natural products, representing most of the frequently occurring types, on the cytotoxicity to MM2 tumor cells of polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMN) induced by TAK, a polysaccharide immunomodulator, were examined. Forty-two compounds inhibited the TAK-induced activation of PMN. Among them, some naturally occurring quinones and various alkaloids (nicotine, Cinchona alkaloids, isoquinoline alkaloids such as cepharanthine, and indole alkaloids such as ajmaline) exhibited potent inhibitory effects. Using the inhibition assay for monitoring, the extracts of Hydrangea Dulcis folium, Scopoliae rhizoma, Cinchona cortex, Magnoliae cortex, Stephania tuber, and Rauwolfia radix were analysed to characterize the active constituents.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

The conversion of L-phenylalanine into benzoic acid on the thylakoid membrane of higher plants.

The conversion of L-phenylalanine into benzoic acid and other aromatic carboxylic acids was investigated in Nasturtium officinale (watercress), Astilbe chinensis, and Hydrangea macrophylla in vivo and in vitro. Comparative feeding experiments with radioactively labelled L-phenylalanine and cinnamic acid administered to intact leaf discs of A. chinensis indicated a rapid formation of benzoic acid from L-phenylalanine, whereas cinnamic acid was a poor precursor. Using a pulse-chase labelling technique followed by a fractionation of the tissue into subcellular components, chloroplasts could be identified as the predominant, if not exclusive, site of benzoic acid formation in A. chinensis. Experiments in vitro with chloroplasts and thylalkoids of N. officinale, H. macrophylla, and A. chinensis demonstrate the capacity of thylakoid membranes to catalyze the degradation of L-phenylalanine to benzoic acid. The results obtained upon stimultaneous incubation with [4'-3H]L-phenylalanine and [3-14C]cinnamic acid lead to the hypothesis that the reaction of L-phenylalanine to benzoic acid proceeds via a cinnamic acid pool which is different from that of soluble cinnamic acid.

Benzoates↗