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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMedDate not supplied

[Hydronephrosis due to pelvi-ureteric junction syndrome in the adult and child 3 reports (78 adults and 33 children) representing 118 hydronephrosis (author's transl)].

The following main points emerge from this analysis: -- Whilst all cases of hydronephrosis do not require operation, in the long term future of a non-operated hydronephrosis is difficult to predict and the risk of avoiding surgery is not definitely less than that of operation. -- Adult hydronephroses are much more often complicated by lithiasis (16 cases in 82 hydronephrotic kidneys) than those seen in children (4 cases in 36 hydronephrotic kidneys). -- The prognosis if hydronephrosis, especially with lithiasis, affecting a horseshoe kidney is particularly poor, without there being any clear explanation for this fact. -- Anderson-Hynes plasty of the pelvi-ureteric junction would seem to be a reliable operation, even more in the child than the adult. However, even when carried out perfectly, it provides no gaurantee against the development or secondary development of lithiasis, even when dilatation and urinary stasis have disappeared. Thus very prolonged surveillance is necessary after such surgery, above all when the hydronephrosis was accompanied by lithiasis.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1977

Arterial hypertension in infants with hydronephrosis. Report of six cases.

Six infants with hydronephrosis developed hypertension during the first year of life. Five of them, all with proved or suspected acute urinary tract infection, had transient hypertensive episodes lasting for 7 to 17 days. One of the five infants, who had ureteropelvic junction obstruction and unilateral hydronephrosis, remained normotensive after nephrectomy. The sixth patient, with bilateral hydronephrosis and elevated peripheral vein renin activity, has had persistent hypertension. We discuss possible mechanisms underlying hypertension in these infants and suggest that young patients with hydronephrosis may be unusually predisposed to acute hypertensive episodes.

Blood Pressure↗

PubMed1978

Ultrasound scanning for monitoring childhood hydronephrosis.

Ultrasound scanning of the kidneys in four children with radiologically proven hydronephrosis was undertaken with a new modification: scanning before and after copious intake of fluid. The anteroposterior diameter of the renal pelvis was used as an index of the hydronephrosis. Alterations in the dilatation were followed over a long period. Good agreement with simultaneous IVP was found. Improvement in the degree of hydronephrosis was apparent by reduction and disappearance of the dilatation of the pelvis during fasting as assessed by ultrasonic scanning, although pronounced dilatation was still observed after copious intake of fluid and at IVP. The results indicate that ultrasound scanning is a valuable supplement in the urological evaluation in children and that it can reduce significantly the number of radiological investigations required.

Child↗

PubMed1979

The influence of hydration and bladder distension on the sonographic diagnosis of hydronephrosis.

Renal sonography is frequently employed to exclude obstructive uropathy in patients with uremia. Sonographic findings of moderate bilateral hydronephrosis were encountered in a dehydrated patient undergoing rehydration. Subsequent excretory urography and a follow-up renal sonogram were normal. To investigate the possibility that hydration and bladder distension in an otherwise normal and unobstructed collecting system could result in hydronephrosis detectable by ultrasound, 23 apparently normal volunteers underwent renal sonography in the hydrated and basal states. The filled urinary bladder in a patient undergoing hydration frequently results in the sonographic appearance of hydronephrosis.

Adult↗

PubMed1978

Radiograph measurements and contralateral renal size in primary pelvic hydronephrosis.

Renal size was estimated from the radiographs in 47 cases of primary pelvic hydronephrosis. The area of functioning renal tissue of the side opposite to the disease was greater in patients with severe hydronephrosis treated by pheloplasty, compared with those with moderate disease (P less than 0.05). This suggests that compensatory hypertrophy had occurred in the contralateral kidney. This finding did not appear to affect the outcome of pyeloplasty. It is suggested that the finding of compensatory hypertrophy in the kidney opposite to a severe hydronephrosis is not a contra-indication to conservative surgery.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1979

Maximum urinary concentration ability in patients with idiopathic hydronephrosis.

The maximum urinary concentration ability and renal parenchymal function of each kidney were investigated in 34 patients with unilateral hydronephrosis. The ability to concentrate urine was not reduced in 10 hydronephrotic and 24 contralateral kidneys. The concentration ability was moderately reduced in 14 hydronephrotic and 10 non-hydronephrotic kidneys and severely impaired in 10 hydronephrotic kidneys. A reduced concentration ability was found almost entirely in hydronephrosis complicated with upper urinary tract infection or renal calculi. Hydronephrotic kidneys without these complications showed a normal concentration ability in 10 of 11 cases. Parenchymal function was reduced in only 10 hydronephrotic kidneys, 7 of which had had upper urinary tract infections and 3 of which had renal stones. It is our opinion that uncomplicated cases of unilateral hydronephrosis should not be operated upon unless necessitated by signs and symptoms. Measurement of the maximum urinary concentration ability might be helpful in setting the correct indication for surgery in borderline cases.

Adult↗

PubMed1979

Frequency of hydronephrosis in Wistar rats.

Kidneys from 1806 Wistar rats were examined grossly for hydronephrosis and ureteral dilation. Hydronephrosis was seen more often on the right side (11%) than the left (0.3%). Overall frequency of hydronephrosis in males (181/1305) was greater than in females (23/501), and the frequency was statistically greater in male rats aged 5,6,8 and 9 weeks than in age-matched females.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Comments on the surgical treatment of hydronephrosis].

The author first recalls that the first operation to correct hydronephrosis due to ureter stenosis was performed by Trendelenburg. He then defines the causal lesion of hydronephrosis and describes its etiology. He stresses that the only procedure for correcting hydronephrosis caused by stenosis of the juxtapyelic ureter is the removal of this portion, the lesion of which it is impossible to repair or correct. He criticizes the numerous operations proposed by different authors and even the partial removal of the renal pelvis. He points out that most of the operation procedures described as new, have already been published. He finally stresses that the best operation is the removal of the stenosed ureter followed by direct pyelo-ureter anastomosis and kidney draining by means of a tutor probe placed from the pelvis to the bladder during the operation and kept in place for a few days.

Humans↗

PubMed1978

Reversible elevation of plasma CEA associated with iatrogenic unilateral hydronephrosis in a patient operated for colorectal cancer.

A patient is reported with progressively rising plasma levels of CEA in association with iatrogenic, unilateral hydronephrosis, subsequent to surgery for colorectal cancer. The CEA level returned to normal with spontaneous recovery of the hydronephrosis. The knowledge of this association should serve as an additional guideline when a "second-look" operation is being considered in colorectal cancer patients (who have been previously rendered free of disease by pelvic surgery) when plasma CEA begins to rise progressively.

Carcinoembryonic Antigen↗

PubMed1976

Hydronephrosis of pregnancy.

This review was done because most texts and some recent reviews do not recognize the obstructive cause. It is important only because of the high incidence of acute pyelonephritis during pregnancy. This is so common that it has been given a special name, "pyelitis of pregnancy". We have shown in the monkey that bacteria when introduced into the ureter under low pressure does not often cause pyelonephritis unless associated with ureteral obstruction. The presence of bacteria even with partial ureteral obstruction increases the chances of acute pyelonephritis. Care must thus be taken to eradicate bacteriuria during pregnancy to prevent acute pyelonephritis as has been shown by Kass, especially since vesicoureteral reflux occurs more frequently in the pregnant than nonpregnant primate. When we understand the obstructive cause of hydronephrosis of pregnancy and the effect of positional change, therapy will be more effective. The left lateral position then will not only relieve the pain of acute hydronephrosis of pregnancy but will also greatly assist in the therapy of acute pyelonephritis of pregnancy since it will relieve the associated ureteral obstruction.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1976

Primary pelvic hydronephrosis in children: a retrospective survey.

A retrospective review of 63 children with primary pelvic hydronephrosis has revealed many features similar to those in adults. A plea is made for the greater use of pressure/flow studies in the renal pelvis in the assessment of hydronephrosis. The value of a modified and simplified nephroplasty as an adjunct to pyeloplasty in the more advanced obstructive cases is described and its greater use encouraged.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1979

Giant hydronephrosis.

A case of congenital, unilateral giant hydronephrosis containing 42 1/2 litres of urine in an adult male is reported. Diagnosis and management are discussed. Because of the possible effects of sudden abdominal decompression, a plea is made for a two-stage procedure. The hydronephrosis is first decompressed slowly by drainage and nephrectomy is then performed after the patient's cardiorespiratory and alimentary systems have been stabilised.

Adult↗

PubMed1979

Hydronephrosis in ACI/N rats.

Of 45 ACI/N rats 9 were found with renal agenesis and 2 with hydronephrosis. The hydronephrosis may have been due to faulty development of the mesonephric duct.

Animals↗

PubMed2026

Giant Hydronephrosis Secondary to Ureteral Obstruction Imposed by Massive Hepatomegaly in a Patient with Polycystic Liver Disease: A Case Report.

BACKGROUND: Polycystic liver disease is a genetic pathology characterized by the formation of numerous cysts in the liver. This case is notable for the rare presentation of isolated polycystic liver disease leading to secondary obstructive uropathy. Unlike the more common association with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease, this patient exhibited no evidence of bilateral polycystic kidney disease; the only renal finding was a solitary simple cyst in the contralateral kidney, considered an incidental finding, highlighting an unusual extrinsic mechanism of urinary tract obstruction due to massive hepatomegaly. In adults, polycystic liver disease often manifests as an extra-renal complication of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. In rare cases, however, it may present solely as autosomal dominant polycystic liver disease without renal involvement. CASE PRESENTATION: In this study, we describe a patient with isolated polycystic liver disease, in whom marked hepatomegaly progressively compressed and displaced the kidney, obstructing the ureter at the pyeloureteral junction. Imaging studies, including abdominal ultrasound and computed tomography, confirmed the extent of cystic involvement and the resulting mass effect. This led to the gradual development of severe hydronephrosis, evident both on palpation and during clinical examination of the abdomen. Hydronephrosis, in turn, exerted pressure on adjacent organs such as the liver, pancreas, stomach, and large vessels, causing symptoms including abdominal distension, dysphagia, gastroesophageal reflux, early satiety, reduced mobility, as well as abdominal and lumbar pain. CONCLUSION: Clinicians should consider the possibility of mass effect complications in patients with isolated polycystic liver disease, as early recognition and intervention may help prevent severe secondary organ dysfunction.

Hydronephrosis↗

PubMed1978

Hydronephrosis of the lower pole of the duplex kidney: another renal pseudotumor.

Obstruction and reflux occur fairly commonly in the duplex kidney. Although obstruction with attendant hydronephrosis is more frequently seen in the upper pole of a duplex system, a similar process involving the lower pole should be considered in the differential diagnosis of renal mass lesions. Four cases are described in which lower pole hydronephrosis simulated neoplasm.

Aged↗

PubMed1979

[Kidney injury in hydronephrosis in children].

Within the 10 years' period, from 1968 to 1977, 8 children were renal trauma in hydronephrosis were operated upon in the Children's Surgery Clinic in LPMI. 7 patients underwent nephrectomy and one--the plasty of the pyeloureteral segment. The surgical intervention carried out immediately after trauma prevents the occurrence of complications and, sometimes, helps to preserve the kidney. The immediate and late results of the surgical treatment are good, which proves the necessity of an urgent examination and active surgical tactics in case of injury to the kidney in hydronephrosis in children.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1979

[Results of corrective surgery of hydronephrosis].

The analysis of 120 cases of hydronephrosis and 124 of corrective operations of hydronephrosis (4 bilaterally) from the Urological Clinic in Belgrade, with 81.5% very good and good results, showed the endresult which is dependent from the correctness of the indication for surgical corrective treatment, adequacy of the performed type of the corrective operation, the correctness of its performance, lack of complications and its abolishment even more from anatomical resp. functional state of the kidney before the operation. Less damaged kidneys precede well, and developed damage has a bad prognosis of the corrective operation.

Follow-Up Studies↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Sonographic study of hydronephrosis].

The authors present the experience acquired by the Urology Department of "La Paz" Hospital in the sonographic diagnosis of hydronephrosis over a period of one year. In 47 patients, the percentage of successful diagnoses reached 93.7%, including 32 cases with a silent kidney in the intravenous urography. They discuss the different sonographic patterns of hydronephrosis, in relation to its degree of evolutionary development and its differential diagnosis with other kidney disorders.

Female↗