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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1986

[Animal hygiene and environmental hygiene].

Animal Hygiene has developed historically from the field of Animal Health Care and is as a part of Veterinary Hygiene now about 100 years old. From her very beginning Animal Hygiene has dealt with the influences of the live and inanimate environment on the health of animals an also investigated the reverse developments. From a historical point of view it can be stated that Animal Hygiene has done active research in the field of environmental hygiene ever since. This tendency was intensified by the modern developments of keeping animals in confinements, enlargement of livestock, new kinds of residues like slurry which demanded a change in the management of arable and forage land combined with an increase in the agricultural utilization of residues form the municipal area like sewage sludge and compost made from refuse. Based on selected examples from the field of production and processing of animals the research on Animal Hygiene in the framework of environmental hygiene is described. This refers especially to emissions and other environmental problems (malodor, dust, airborne microbes) which derive from keeping animals in confinements as well as such which are caused by storage and utilization of animal residues (farm-yard manure, urine, slurry). The most serious problems are caused by production and utilization of slurry (transmission of infectious agents, malodors, damages of soils, plants, surface and ground waters by excess fertilization of arable and forage land). It was Animal Hygiene which made most valuable contributions for solving such problems of environmental hygiene. It was also Animal Hygiene which warned of the possible negative environmental influences of disinfectants. Respective investigations were made and recommendations to avoid damages to the environment given. Also in the field of the agricultural utilization of residues from the municipal area (sewage, sewage sludge, refuse composts) Animal Hygiene has developed basic investigation methods whose results were reflected in several legal regulations for environmental protection.

Agriculture↗
PubMed1976

[Hygiene in the rearing of piglets. A study of the effect of hygiene and the bacterial content of drinking-water and feed of baby pigs on a number of health and performance characteristics on pig-breeding farms (author's transl)].

The effect of hygiene on health characteristics and performance was studied on 143 farms. In addition to subjective evaluations, the bacterial counts in the drink-water and feed were adopted as criteria of hygiene. In from 6 to 27 per cent of the cases, variations in bacterial counts were associated with variations in hygiene. Bacterial counts on a single farm varied markedly. Hygiene is to a large extent determined by the attendant. On the farms, including those on which hygiene is adequate, there is a marked increase in the number of bacteria present in the drinking-water and feed of the baby pigs. The state of hygiene of the drinking water and feed is highly unsatisfactory on a large number of farms. Of all litters, 15.08 per cent developed scouring in the first week of life, 21.69 per cent showed scouring during the third week and scouring was observed in 2.24 per cent of the weaned piglets. Correlations between the various aspects hygiene are high. Improvements in farm and drinking-water hygiene are associated with a more rapid growth of the piglets. The incidence of scouring during the third week is lower on those farms on which hygiene is satisfactory. The present study showed that there was no relationship between hygiene and litter size. Early supplementary feeding does not produce any improvement in growth of the piglets. The incidence of scouring in the third week increases and growth decreases as the bacterial count in the drinking-water increases. Clean drinking-water should be available to the animals.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1977

[Hygienic and bacteriological comparative studies in 50 hospitals. VI. The efficacy of a hospital-hygienic instruction regarding 6 hospitals].

The efficacy of hospital hygienic measures was checked in six hospitals. The programme was started by determining the effective state. Subsequently a two-day extension course for the training and instruction of the responsible personnel in charge (physicians, nurses and administrative staff) in the essential problems of hospital hygiene was held. The next measure consisted in giving advice in the preparation of hygiene plans which had to make allowance for the prevailing personal and constructional situation as well as for the hospital equipment. The hygiene plans represented the written concept of the measures to be implemented. Then enquiries, local inspections as well as hygienic-bacteriological ambient analyses were carried out to determine the hygienic situation in the hospital after adoption of the measures and the findings were compared with the situation preceding the initiation of the hygienic programme. The results show that the proposed improvements were mostly realised as far as such administrative measures as the procurement of disinfectant dispensers, throwaway towels and suitable disinfectants were concerned. The instructions given for the implementation of suitable methods of application were complied with to a lesser extent. Moreover, considerable improvements were achieved with regard to the operation and efficiency of the sterilizers. On the whole, the present study demonstrates that suitable measures largely reduce the extensive gaps in information on the part of the staff on hospital hygiene and that the resulting intensification of efforts can greatly contribute towards an improvement of the overall hygiene in hospitals.

Air Microbiology↗
PubMed1991

[The hygienic situation of the central drinking water supply in the former East Germany--an evaluation of the annual reports on water hygiene from 1984 to 1989].

In the former GDR an annual report on the situation in the field of communal hygiene had to be elaborated and submitted to the minister of public health. One part of this was the report on the hygienic situation in water supply, worked out by the Reference Laboratory for Water Hygiene in Bad Elster. After the political changes in autumn 1989 it became possible to analyse these reports as a whole. In this paper the reports from 1984 to 1989 are interpreted. The results of the laboratory measurements and field controls by the State Sanitary Inspectorates are shown in 17 graphics and compared to the bacteriological and chemical limits in drinking water standards. Special issue is drawn on the estimation of the number of inhabitants concerned by reduced drinking-water quality or any hazardous situations. The special problems of the different districts are compared in some graphics. The hygienic safety of the central drinking-water supply units is assessed basing on the results of the field controls by the State Sanitary Inspectorate. The Sanitation of the central drinking-water supply facilities in the new federal countries of the FRG is connected with the solution of a variety of technological problems, particularly the improvement of the water treatment techniques and the restoration of the pipe systems. The use of surface waters from extremely polluted rivers generates a high hygienic risk and requires the sanitation of the rivers. The high number of existing protection zones in the catchment areas for drinking-water is a valuable precondition to ensure the hygienic safety of the drinking-water supply in the new federal countries.

Fresh Water↗
PubMed1990

[Evaluation of hygiene indices in studying the relations between oral hygiene and periodontitis based on epidemiologic studies].

The aim of the studies has been to determine the diagnostic clinical value of selected indices and to demonstrate their specific applicability under definite conditions. The study covered 184 subjects in two age groups: young persons aged 15-20 years, and adults being 20-45 years old. The oral hygiene was estimated by the following indices: OHI-S (Oral Hygiene Index-Simplified), Pl. I. (Plaque Index). C.P.I. (Cervical Plaque Index). The ++periodontium state was assessed by using the gingival index (G.I.). Periodontal index was defined by gingival index (G.I.), Russell's periodontal index (P.I.), as well as Kötzschke's periodontal index (K.I.). Sulcus fluid rate (S.F.R.) was also examined by Brill's method. The comparison of numerical values of the indices and statistical analysis of their cross correlation have shown that all of the indices having been involved in the study are of similar diagnostic value. However, C.P.I. appeared to be the best one, since the periodontitis indices most readily reacted to changes of its value. On the other hand, the oral hygiene index (O.H.I.-S) correlated more closely with inflammatory indices in adults, which suggests its particular applicability for examinations in this age group. (Pl. I.) may be used in young persons, in whom there are still no mineralized deposits of tartar. This index is easily determined, thus providing the possibility to evaluate the oral hygiene in quite a short time. Due to the fact that the quantitative measurements of sulcus fluid rate failed to reveal any statistically significant relation between the level of the sulcus fluid and periodontitis as well as oral hygiene in the youth, it has been ascertained that the sulcus rate measurement is of limited usefulness for clinically evaluating the state of parodontium, and may be resorted to in adult individuals only. It has also been disclosed that the resistance of parodontium to the action of pathogenic factors is greater in younger subjects.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Oral hygiene analysis, prosthesis hygiene and prosthesis stomatitis of old aged people--conclusions for gerostomatological care].

The oral health behaviour of old aged people, especially by pensioners in old people's homes or nursing homes is unsatisfactory, and is influenced from different social factors and social conditions. People with insufficient oral and prosthesis hygiene fall more frequent ill with prosthesis stomatitis compared to prosthesis wearers with clean artificial dentures. In addition the dental prosthesis care is not a part of daily personal hygiene in these investigated old people's homes. Patients and nurses are inadequate enlightened of oral hygiene measures.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Physicochemical, toxicological and hygienic aspects of ethylene oxide application for the sterilization of medical products. III. Setting hygienic norms in sterilized medical products.

Some of the drawbacks are discussed associated with hygienic norms for gaseous sterilizing agents in polymeric products for medical applications. A new approach is proposed for regulating ethylene oxide (EO) in such products. To this end, limiting types of biological effect and its pathways have been determined and substantiated as well as the reliability factor for establishing hygienic norms for EO in medical products. Daily threshold EO limit values were calculated for momentary and repeated exposure of humans. The duration of long-term and short-term exposure of the patient to sterilized products was evaluated on the basis of EO extraction kinetics from a variety of materials. Using daily threshold limit values, threshold residual values (TRV) of EO were calculated for different groups of polymeric products for medical applications.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

[Study on health status and oral hygiene of children at a primary school. Health status and oral hygiene in schoolchildren].

The Authors refer about a research made in a primary school after checking mouth sickness in school boys. The research concerns three periods: 1st. medicaL examination, 2 nd. instructions about a correct oral hygiene, 3 rd. anew inspection. The conclusions they made, are the following: now only the children know what they must do for their teeth in order to avoid mouth sickness and how to prevent then, but also their parents and often their teachers are not sensitive to this problem. So it is necessary that the prevention work begun by the dentist, will be carried on by parents and by teachers.

Age Factors↗