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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1985

A comparative study of the hyoid bone (os hyoides) of 6 ruminant species (Ruminantia Scopoli, 1777).

The shape, position and measurements of the hyoid bone of 6 small and medium-sized European ruminant species of different feeding types as classified by Hofmann (1976), (rose deer, mouflon, sheep, red deer, fallow deer and goat) were fully described. A comparison with other domestic species was carried out, the most characteristic species differences were shown and the results were expressed in 9 Figs. and 1 Table. The basic structural plan of the hyoid bone is found to be similar in all species studied; there are, however, distinct species variations.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Carotodynia exposed: hyoid bone syndrome.

The hyoid bone syndrome, first described in 1954, is manifested by tenderness near the greater horn of the hyoid bone. In 1968, the syndrome was reported to be a form of insertion tendinosis, and injection of procaine HCl with corticosteroid at the tip of the greater horn was found to provide temporary relief of pain. I report 50 patients with the hyoid bone syndrome who had excision of the involved greater horn after one month of conservative medical treatment failed to relieve the pain. Operation promptly relieved pain in 45 (90%) of the patients. An understanding of the close relationship between the greater horn of the hyoid and the posterior pharynx and carotid sinus is important in detecting the hyoid bone syndrome.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Age and ossification of the hyoid bone: forensic implications.

Hyoid bones from a medical examiner population were visually and radiographically examined to determine the presence or absence of bony fusion of the greater cornua to the central body. Fusion was found to increase in frequency with age. Hyoid bones fused more frequently in males than in females. Females showed an especially high frequency of unilateral nonfusion.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

[Injury pattern of the hyoid bone].

Based on the classification of hyoid bone into hyperbola-, parabola-, and horseshoe-shaped types, conditions were stimulated under planar and punctiform ventral force as well as in case of strangulation in photoelastic experiment. The results thus obtained were compared to those from former investigations in the field of bone tissue density. Hence, each hyoid type shows characteristic patterns of lesion of its own. The patterns of fractures and localizations which had been expected theoretically could be verified when compared to lesions that occurred in vital state. Then it turned out that horizontal fractures were typical of lesions of hyperbolic hyoid bones and vertical fractures of the cornu maius typical of lesions of parabolic hyoid bones.

Asphyxia↗
PubMed1989

[Hyoid bone position and airway accompanied with influence of head posture].

The position of hyoid bone has been analyzed using roentgenogram. But, due to the great variability with the change of head posture, the position could not be determined correctly. In the present study, we investigated the influence of head posture to the position of hyoid bone. Subjects consisted of 32 Japanese males, those mean age was 25.8 years. Lateral cephalograms had been taken for each subjects at 5 different head posture. The findings were as follows. 1. Superimposed on SN plane, hyoid bone moved along the line of menton to 4th cervical vertebrae (C4) with the change of head posture. The hyoid bone moved in parallel with the line of 3rd cervical vertebrae (C3) to C4 (cervical plane). In spite of these movements, RH kept an uniform ratio. 2. The distances between sella turcica and hyoid bone and between C3 and hyoid bone, and the angle between menton, porion and hyoid bone, were at constant value. 3. Some measurements included the distance between hyoid bone and menton and the angle between nasion, sella turcica, hyoid bone showed very high correlation with the change of head posture. 4. EpPW1 (the width of airway) and the distance from C4 to hyoid bone showed almost the same change. It means the position of hyoid bone has a great influence on airway.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

The shape and size of the human hyoid bone and a proposal for an alternative classification.

Human hyoid bones, according to the main characteristics of their shape, studied in 76 bones, may be classified into five types, in the following order of frequency:D-type 29%, B-type 26.5%, H-type 21%, U-type 18.5%, and V-type 5.0%. The frequency of the types is to a certain (but not statistically significant) degree sex-related. In 60% of the cases the shape of the hyoid bone does not belong to any of the shapes that are conventionally described. Almost half of the hyoid bones are asymmetric and/or anisometric. According to their width the hyoid bones may be designated as narrow (45%), intermediate (34%) and wide (21%). There is no standard correlation of the distance between the tubercles of the greater horns to the distance between the lesser horns in the same hyoid bone. On the contrary, with the exception of the horseshoe-shaped bones, the former distance almost coincides to the length of the major transverse axis of the same bone. The two dimensional size of the hyoid bone, which is of importance to the vital space of the superior opening of the lower respiratory tract, varies greatly, and to a certain degree it is related to the hyoid shape.

Biometry↗
PubMed1992

Hyoid bone involvement by squamous cell carcinoma: clinical and pathological features.

The incidence of hyoid bone involvement by neoplasia is undetermined, despite its importance in hyoid-preserving surgery. Eleven (1.46%) of 755 whole-organ laryngeal specimens examined demonstrated hyoid bone infiltration. These included 6 cases originating from the larynx, 3 from the vallecula, and 1 case each from the pyriform fossa and tongue base. Clinically, vallecular involvement was helpful in determining hyoid invasion; however, computed tomography (CT) was disappointing. The greater cornu was the sole site of invasion in six cases. Ten of 11 cases were secondary to direct tumor spread. All carcinomas were advanced, with variable differentiation. Vascular and neural invasion was a prominent feature. Hyoid bone invasion is rare, and associated with a poor prognosis. Hyoid bone preservation is feasible in a majority of patients.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Alterations of hyoid bone position and pharyngeal depth and their relationship after surgical correction of mandibular prognathism.

The present investigation studied changes of hyoid bone position and pharyngeal depth at the levels of the second and fourth cervical vertebrae and their relationships in mandibular prognathism patients who received combined orthodontic-surgical treatment. The material consisted of presurgical and 1-year postsurgical profile cephalograms of 52 adult orthognathic surgery patients (40 females and 12 males) who initially had mandibular prognathism and had undergone bilateral vertical ramus osteotomy through an extraoral incision in the retroangular area. Hyoid bone position and pharyngeal depth were assessed on the profile radiographs with 10 cephalometric variables. Paired t tests were used to evaluate the operative changes in all cephalometric parameters. The relationships between pairs of variables describing hyoid bone position and pharyngeal depth were assessed by means of Pearson's product-moment correlation analysis. Significant differences (p less than 0.01) were observed for the distances of the hyoid bone to the maxilla and the mandible. The distances of the hyoid bone with the anterior cranial base, the vertebral column, and the anterior pharyngeal wall, and the measurements representing pharyngeal depth exhibited no significant changes (p greater than 0.05). Moderate correlations were seen between (1) the depth of the pharynx at the fourth cervical vertebra and the hyosymphyseal distance (r = 0.34) and the distance between the point of the projection of the hyoid bone to the mandibular line with its posterior border (r = -0.34), and (2) the depth of the pharynx at the second cervical vertebra and the distance of the hyoid bone with the anterior pharyngeal wall at the level of the fourth cervical vertebra (r = -0.33).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

[Cleft formations between the body and the greater horn of the hyoid bone].

Clefts between the body and the greater horn of the hyoid bone are reconstructed graphically from histological sections of hyoid bones from children aged 5 months up to 7 a. In 3 cases, the cleft cranially is enclosed by perichondrium at the lateral and medial sides; caudally the perichondral tissue is continued by cartilage on the medial side. On the lateral side, the perichondrium reaches more caudally. In 1 case, the cleft is enclosed on its medial side by cartilage only. In all cases examined, the medial wall is thicker than the lateral. The formation of a joint cleft between the body and the greater horn of the hyoid bone seems to be predominant in the lateral and caudal parts of that diarthrosis.

Child↗
PubMed1987

Fracture of the hyoid bone--report of a case.

The hyoid bone, well protected under the protruding chin, seldom sustains fractures in road traffic accidents. We report such a case and review 14 cases found in the world literature.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

The normal movements of the hyoid bone during swallow.

The position of the hyoid bone during quiet breathing and its movement during pharyngeal swallow, as well as its relation to the movement of the epiglottis and the elevation of the rima glottidis were studied with cineradiography in 50 nondysphagial volunteers. The movement of the hyoid bone occurred in either a two-step (40 patients) or a one-step (10 patients) fashion. The findings confirm that pharyngeal swallow is executed with precision and with only small variability in measured parameters.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

[Morphology of the adult human hyoid bone].

Investigations on 504 human hyoid bones show that there exist three main types, whose occurrence is, to a certain degree, sex-related. The junction between the body and the larger horns of the hyoid often is not ossified even in advanced age. Any determination of age on the basis of the extent of the corpus-cornu maius-ossification is most unreliable.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Some observations on the development of the human hyoid bone.

Investigations on the human hyoid bone in several developmental stages reveal that with the chondrification of the mesenchymal blastema a typical interzone between the body and the greater cornua is formed. This disc of closely packed blastemal cells, distinct and broad in the earlier stages, is reduced in thickness in the course of further development. In fetuses between 5 and 6 months old and in newborns the formation of joint cavities can be seen in some cases. In other cases, however, a small transverse line of cells persists between the two cartilaginous elements. These findings are interpreted as different developmental stages of a diarthrosis generally formed between the corpus and the cornu majus. The fact that in the adult the lesser horn is connected directly to the cornu majus and not to the body is confirmed by the embryological investigations reported in this study.

Humans↗
PubMed1992

[A cinefluorographic study of hyoid bone movement during deglutition].

A quantitative study was performed to analyze movement of the hyoid bone on swallowing in 71 patients with pharyngo-laryngeal neurosis (44 males, 27 females), who had no abnormal findings either morphologically or functionally. The lateral X-ray cine (30 frames/sec) was taken while the patients swallowed the contrast medium in the upright position, and precise movement of the hyoid bone was examined using a motion analyzer. The movement was divided into 5 phases; initial slow elevation from the resting position (1st elevation phase), then a quick upwards shift to the highest position (2nd elevation phase), where the hyoid bone remained temporarily (static phase), followed by rapid and slow descending shifts towards the resting position (1st and 2nd descending phase, respectively). The resting position of the hyoid bone is significantly lower in males than in females and it seemed to get lower with age in both sex. When compared to the younger group (age 10-30), the older group (age 60-70) had significantly more distance and longer duration of deglutition in the 1st elevation phase, whereas the 2nd elevation phase did not differ among the age group. The results of this study indicate that prolongation of the time and distance of the 1st elevation phase are more significant in the older group, which may well explain the cause of delayed of deglutition.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Vertical hyoid bone displacement and fundamental frequency of phonation.

Vertical displacement of the hyoid bone as well as its effects on F0 were studied using five excised human larynges. Cranial force introduced to the hyoid bone caused a widening of the vestibule of the larynx, enlargement of the laryngeal ventricles, abduction of the ventricular folds, heightening of the epiglottis and slight abduction of the vocal folds. The displacement (X +/- SD) of the anterior part (corpus) of the bone was 8.0 +/- 5.2 mm and of the posterior part, 22.2 +/- 6.1 mm with a 10 N force. The difference was statistically significant and was found to depend mainly on the tight middle hyothyroid ligament. The cranial force displacing the hyoid bone invariably showed a positive relationship with F0. The F0 changes were statistically significant but relatively small (X +/- SD): 8 +/- 8.4 Hz (about 10%) with an intact hyothyroid ligament. When the subglottal pressure was low, a change in the vibratory pattern of the vocal folds was found in several specimens. The F0 changes found in the present study are too small to explain alone the differences in the so-called intrinsic F0 of vowels. However, they are believed to contribute to this phenomenon.

Cadaver↗
PubMed1992

Problem neck, hyoid bone, and submental myotomy.

Despite significant attention to the cervical region over the last two decades, the hyoid bone has not received deserved recognition. In this report, the anatomy and role of the hyoid bone and suprahyoid muscles in cervicomental morphology are reviewed. From an analysis of cephaloxerograms on 54 patients, it was concluded that on a balanced neck, the most caudal border of the hyoid body is located at or above a line parallel to the Frankfort horizontal line passing through the most caudal border of the mandibular symphysis (menton). Of the muscles that control the position of the hyoid bone, the anterior belly of the diagastric, geniohyoid, and mylohyoid muscles pull the hyoid bone cephalad and anteriorly. The stylohyoid muscles, on the other hand, pull this bone cephalad and posteriorly, while the sternohyoid and omohyoid muscles pull it caudally. Transection of the first three muscles at their attachment to the posterior aspect of the mandible in patients with dysmorphic necks due to caudal and anterior hyoid position will allow posterior and cephalad relocation of this bone, which improves the neck contour. Sixteen patients, with an average follow-up of 27 months, have undergone this procedure, with cervicomental contour improvement in all cases. The degree of improvement ranged from 1 to 5 (5 being excellent): One patient was ranked 1, two patients were ranked 2, two patients were ranked 3, and the rest were ranked 4 or 5. One patient had overcorrection as a result of an aggressive concomitant submental lipectomy. Another patient had central depression in the submental area. None of the patients had difficulties with mandibular movement or swallowing.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Hyoid bone position and orientation in Class I and Class III malocclusions.

Various studies have documented a variability of hyoid bone position in relation to changed mandibular position or head posture. The aim of this study was to investigate the hyoid bone position and inclination on the cephalometric radiographs of two groups of patients exhibiting Class I and Class III malocclusions. The radiographs were taken in both centric occlusion and wide-opened mandibular position, and 17 measurements were performed on both tracings. The findings reveal a statistically significant difference in the position and inclination of the hyoid bone in the two groups; Class III patients, especially the boys, show a more anterior position of the hyoid bone and also a reverse inclination. This might have an implication on the function of the suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscles and thus on the direction of mandibular growth.

Adolescent↗