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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

Bilateral variations of the psoas major and the iliacus muscles and presence of an undescribed variant muscle--accessory iliopsoas muscle.

Inspite of the detailed description of the iliopsoas muscle complex, interesting variations of its main parts--the psoas major and the iliacus muscles can still be encountered. These variations may clarify some aspects of the embryological development of the iliopsoas and have certain clinical importance because of the frequent co-existence with an unusual femoral nerve by its formation and course. We present in our report a case of bilateral variations of the psoas major and the iliacus muscles combined with variations of the left and the right femoral nerves, which were found during the anatomical dissection of a female human cadaver. The most remarkable finding was noted on the left side, where an undescribed variant muscle accessory iliopsoas, was observed. It was the only finding of such a muscle among 108 human cadavers examined over a period of 22 years. The accessory iliopsoas was formed by the connection of two accessory muscles--accessory psoas major and accessory iliacus. The clinical significance of the described variant muscles and their importance as an additional factor in the femoral neuropathy are also a matter of discussion in our report.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

The role of the psoas and iliacus muscles for stability and movement of the lumbar spine, pelvis and hip.

The activation patterns of the psoas and iliacus muscles were investigated in 7 healthy adult subjects (4 men and 3 women) during a variety of motor tasks in standing, sitting and lying. Myoelectric activity was recorded simultaneously from the 2 muscles using thin wire electrodes inserted under guidance of high-resolution ultrasound. In general, both muscles were coactivated, albeit to different relative levels, particularly when hip flexor torque was required. Selective activation of the iliacus could, however, be seen to stabilize the pelvis in contralateral hip extension during standing. Psoas was found to be selectively involved in sitting with a straight back and in contralateral loading situations requiring stabilization of the spine in the frontal plane. During training exercises from a supine position, such as sit-ups, the contribution of the psoas and iliacus muscles could be varied by changing the range of motion as well as the position and support for the legs. Thus, the 2 anatomically different muscles of the iliopsoas complex were shown to have individual and task-specific activation patterns depending on the particular demands for stability and movement at the lumbar spine, pelvis and hip.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Roentgen rounds #94. Osteomyelitis of the left ilium--left iliacus muscle abscess.

A left iliac osteomyelitis and left iliacus muscle abscess occurred in a patient who underwent bipolar hemiarthroplasty of the left hip six months prior for avascular necrosis of the left femoral head, secondary to sickle-cell disease. This illness followed an upper respiratory tract infection, and her physical examination was suggestive of a septic process involving the left hip. An aspirate of the hip was not confirmative for septic arthritis. The plain roentgenograms demonstrated that the prosthesis was in an acceptable position, but had limited value in the remainder of the differential diagnosis. In this case, the bone scan contributed significant information distinguishing osteomyelitis from osteonecrosis. The CT scan allowed rapid localization of an occult abscess and destructive changes in the left ilium secondary to osteomyelitis and guided surgical treatment.

Abscess↗
PubMed2003

Acute femoral neuropathy secondary to an iliacus muscle hematoma.

We present a patient with a spontaneous iliacus muscle hematoma, appearing immediately after a minor physical maneuver, presenting with pain and femoral neuropathy initially evidenced by massive quadriceps muscle fasciculations. A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study of the pelvic area confirmed the diagnosis, showing a hematoma secondary to a partial muscle tear. The patient was managed conservatively, and the continuous muscle activity ceased in 3 days, with progressive improvement of the pain and weakness. The recovery was complete. Femoral neuropathy is uncommon and usually due to compression from psoas muscle mass lesions of diverse nature, including hematomas. Usually subacute, femoral neuropathy may present acutely in cases of large or strategically placed compressive femoral nerve lesions, and may require surgical evacuation. The case presented herein is remarkable since the muscle hematoma appeared after a nonviolent maneuver, fasciculations were present at onset, and conservative management was sufficient for a full recovery.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1983

Tropical pyomyositis of the iliacus muscle in American Samoa.

Ten cases of pyomyositis of the iliacus muscle are described in otherwise healthy young Samoans. The correct diagnosis was frequently delayed. Staphylococcus aureus was the most common pathogen isolated from drained abscesses. Preference for hip flexion was seen in six patients, and localized pain or induration at the anterior superior iliac spine were found in seven patients. These clues may help expedite a correct diagnosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Traumatic rupture of iliacus muscle with femoral nerve paralysis.

Two cases of traumatic rupture of the iliacus muscle are reported. The clinical picture of this condition is characterized by pain in the groin, a tender mass in the iliac fossa, flexion contracture of the hip, and a femoral nerve palsy. Presence of a bleeding tendency should be investigated. Operative treatment is recommended for large hematomas.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Posttraumatic hematoma of iliacus muscle with paralysis of the femoral nerve.

One case of traumatic rupture of the iliacus muscle associated with a femoral nerve paralysis is described. The clinical picture was characterized by posttraumatic gradual worsening of pain in the groin, a tender mass in the iliac fossa, flexion deformity of the hip, and femoral nerve paralysis. The review of literature revealed a description of only nine similar cases. Early evacuation of the hematoma is suggested.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

The lumbar cord location of the motoneurons innervating psoas and iliacus muscles: a single and double labeling study in the female Syrian golden hamster.

The spinal cord location of the motoneurons innervating the psoas and iliacus muscles was determined in the golden hamster. The results of single and double labeling studies, using the retrograde tracers horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and cholera toxin B-subunit (CTB), showed that both psoas and iliacus motoneurons were present ventrolaterally in the ventral horn in the caudal L1 to rostral L5 lumbar spinal segments with their motoneurons intermingled in one cell group. Further retrograde tracing studies demonstrated abdominal muscle motoneurons ventrolaterally in the ventral horn of the L1 and upper L2 segments. Double labeling experiments revealed that at these levels (caudal L1 and rostral L2), the abdominal muscle motoneurons were located dorsomedial to the psoas and iliacus motoneurons.

Abdominal Muscles↗
PubMed1991

A safe route for deep pelvic biopsy with distention of the iliacus muscle.

To avoid bowel perforation during deep pelvic biopsy, the authors describe a technique in which the iliacus muscle is distended by injecting it with a solution of lidocaine and saline. This muscle distention causes sufficient bowel displacement to allow safe advancement of biopsy needles as large as 14 gauge through the distended muscle belly to the region of interest.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Hematoma of the iliacus muscle with femoral palsy.

A case of two simultaneous complications of anticoagulant therapy is presented: a hematoma strictly of the iliacus muscle causing femoral nerve paralysis and a retroperitoneal hematoma. The femoral nerve was trapped by the inguinal ligament to such an extent that its section was necessary to assure rapid and total nerve decompression. Evacuation and drainage of the hematoma was necessary. The favorable postoperative course encourages surgical management of this hematoma with nerve paralysis.

Anticoagulants↗
PubMed2001

Pyomyositis of the iliacus muscle in a child.

Pyomyositis is rarely seen in temperate climates. Typically, it presents with the formation of an abscess requiring surgical drainage and it has been reported as a differential diagnosis for septic arthritis of the hip. We describe the occurrence of pyomyositis of the iliacus muscle in a ten-year-old girl which was diagnosed by MRI and blood culture. Formation of an abscess did not occur despite marked focal inflammation and swelling of the muscle. Conservative treatment with antibiotics alone led to complete clinical and radiological resolution of the infection. We could find no previous description of pyomyositis in a child in the British orthopaedic literature. Orthopaedic surgeons, particularly those with a paediatric interest, should be aware of this condition and its presentation, diagnosis and treatment.

Child↗
PubMed1996

Variant slips of psoas and iliacus muscles, with splitting of the femoral nerve.

In bilateral dissections of 68 cadavers, four examples were found unilaterally of variant slips of iliacus and psoas major muscles. In three of them the femoral nerve was pierced by the variant slip. One of these variants was a previously undocumented accessory slip of iliacus, originating from the iliolumbar ligament, passing inferiorly anterior to iliacus, and traversing the femoral nerve; its tendon split to be attached proximally to the lesser trochanter of the femur and distally to an unknown insertion. Such anomalies might cause tension on the femoral nerve resulting in referred pain to the hip and knee joints and to the lumbar dermatomes L2,3 and 4.

Femoral Nerve↗
PubMed1997

Staphylococcus aureus meningitis--a rare complication of iliacus muscle abscess.

Staphylococcus aureus meningitis is a rare but well recognized condition which had a high mortality and incidence of neurological sequelae. It is usually associated with chronic underlying conditions. A case is reported of S. aureus meningitis in a previously healthy young man. The epidemiology, microbiological findings and treatment of this condition are discussed.

Adolescent↗