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Results for “IMPRINTING (PSYCHOLOGY)”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1975

Personality organization and language behavior: the imprint of psychological differentiation on language behavior in varying communication conditions.

The language behavior of field-independent (F-D) clinically normal, verbally resourceful femal college students was examined in three different communication conditions: Dialogue, Warm (vissually supportive) monologue, and Cold (visually nonsupportive and stressful) Monologue. F-I and F-D Ss produced similar amounts of the different types of language behavior evaluated in each of the three communicative conditions. However, they differed with respect to verbal output and length of sentence "packaging" unit in Monologue conditions. F-D Ss talked considerably less but at the same time produced different types of grammatically more elaborate language behavior in Warm and Cold Monologue compared to their Dialogue language behavior. F-I Ss talked considerably more but also showed a type of language autonomy. The pattern of language behavior which characterized F-I speech in Dialogue remained the same in both Monologue conditions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

The development and modification of object preferences in domestic white leghorn chicks.

This study examined in domestic chicks the time-course of adaptation to a new object after having established strong preferences for a previous stimulus (during the first 3 days of life). By interchanging the stimuli to which the animal was exposed, and by confining the animal exclusively with the new object for some period of time, the new preference was expected to develop as a function of the duration of exposure. The results confirm that expectation with a monotonic increase in preference as a function of hours of exposure. The establishment of a preference for the new object was rapid, as indicated by a significant shift in preference after 5 hr.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Sensitive periods in the development of the brain and behavior.

Experience exerts a profound influence on the brain and, therefore, on behavior. When the effect of experience on the brain is particularly strong during a limited period in development, this period is referred to as a sensitive period. Such periods allow experience to instruct neural circuits to process or represent information in a way that is adaptive for the individual. When experience provides information that is essential for normal development and alters performance permanently, such sensitive periods are referred to as critical periods. Although sensitive periods are reflected in behavior, they are actually a property of neural circuits. Mechanisms of plasticity at the circuit level are discussed that have been shown to operate during sensitive periods. A hypothesis is proposed that experience during a sensitive period modifies the architecture of a circuit in fundamental ways, causing certain patterns of connectivity to become highly stable and, therefore, energetically preferred. Plasticity that occurs beyond the end of a sensitive period, which is substantial in many circuits, alters connectivity patterns within the architectural constraints established during the sensitive period. Preferences in a circuit that result from experience during sensitive periods are illustrated graphically as changes in a ''stability landscape,'' a metaphor that represents the relative contributions of genetic and experiential influences in shaping the information processing capabilities of a neural circuit. By understanding sensitive periods at the circuit level, as well as understanding the relationship between circuit properties and behavior, we gain a deeper insight into the critical role that experience plays in shaping the development of the brain and behavior.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Signature murders: a report of several related cases.

Three female patrons of singles bars were murdered in separate events in Bellevue, Washington in 1990 within sixty-seven days of each other. An evaluation of those murders revealed that all the murders were linked by a distinct personal "signature" or "calling card" left by the killer. As reported in the literature, the modus operandi of a killer frequently changes from one murder to the next and is different from the killer's signature, which is a permanent psychological imprint at each scene. The murder cases reported here demonstrate an elaborate signature of one killer who engaged in a rare personalization of his necrophilic fantasies by posing, openly displaying, and sexually inserting foreign objects into each one of three victims' bodies.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Augmented prenatal visual stimulation alters postnatal auditory and visual responsiveness in bobwhite quail chicks.

This study examined whether previously reported effects of altered prenatal sensory experience on subsequent acceleration of intersensory development in precocial birds are mediated by mechanisms sensitive to the overall amount of stimulation provided. Results revealed that bobwhite quail chicks exposed to substantially augmented amounts of prenatal visual stimulation show altered patterns of species-typical perceptual development. Specifically, chicks continued to respond to maternal auditory cues into later stages of postnatal development and failed to demonstrate responsiveness to maternal visual cues. Embryos also failed to demonstrate prenatal auditory learning of an individual maternal call, a behavior reliably seen in unmanipulated embryos. These findings suggest that substantially increased amounts of prenatal sensory stimulation can interfere with the emergence of species-typical patterns of postnatal intersensory functioning and lend support to the notion that sensory stimulation that falls within some optimal range maintains or facilitates normal patterns of perceptual development, whereas stimulation beyond the range of the species norm can result in intersensory interference.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Neural correlates of conditioned odor avoidance in infant rats.

Newborn rat pups can learn to either approach or avoid odor cues through associative conditioning. The present results demonstrate that preference conditioning and avoidance conditioning both modify olfactory bulb responses (focal 2-deoxyglucose uptake and mitral-tufted cell single unit responses) to the conditioned odor. Despite opposing behavioral responses to the conditioned odor, however, olfactory bulb neural responses did not detectably differ between learned odor cues signaling approach and those signaling avoidance. Control pups exhibited neither the behavioral nor neural changes. Furthermore, both the behavioral and neural changes to these odor cues could be extinguished. These results suggest that the olfactory bulb in neonates may code learned odor importance, but specific information attached to that importance may require processing in other brain regions.

Animals↗