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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Double dens invaginatus of molarized maxillary central incisors, premolarization of maxillary lateral incisors, multituberculism of the mandibular incisors, canines and first premolar, and sensorineural hearing loss.

Molarization and premolarization of anterior teeth have never been reported before. Double dens invaginatus is an extremely rare condition. We describe an affected female who had developmental delay and congenital progressive sensorineural hearing loss. Double dens invaginatus of molarized maxillary central incisors and premolarized maxillary lateral incisors were present. In addition, multituberculated mandibular incisors, canines, and first premolar were observed. Histologically, tooth structure was unremarkable. Family history of dental abnormalities and hearing loss was denied. Clinical and radiographic examinations were those performed when the patient was 7 and 13 years old. The basic defect is postulated to be of mesenchymal origin.

Bicuspid↗
PubMed1995

The effect of shortening incisor teeth on the eruption rates and lengths of the other incisors in the rat.

The eruption rates and lengths of all four incisor teeth in rats were measured by recording the position of marks on their labial surfaces at 2-day intervals, using calibrated graticules in microscope eyepieces and ether anaesthesia. When one lower incisor, or both a lower and upper incisor, were unimpeded, the other lower incisor shortened markedly before the next measurement and the uppers slowly lengthened, so that the sum of the lengths of the lower and upper impeded incisors temporarily fell, then returned to control levels. The lower and upper impeded incisors showed temporary accelerations of their eruption when the other incisors were unimpeded. When an upper incisor was unimpeded, the lower incisors lengthened, increasing the sum of the lengths of the lower and upper impeded incisors, and the eruption of the lower and upper impeded incisors was slowed. When there were two impeded incisors in one jaw and only one (left) impeded incisor in the other jaw, the unopposed right impeded incisor tended to be slower and longer than its neighbour and there were significant correlations between the differences in eruption rates and differences in tooth lengths. In all these cases, there are negative relations between eruption and length; increases in length occur with decreases in eruption rate. The simplest explanation for this is that the length changes arise partly from the voluntary behaviour of the rat and also from mechanical problems due to having one impeded incisor in one jaw and two in the other jaw; the length changes cause the eruption-rate changes.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Anterior dental crossbite: relationship between incisor crown length and incisor irregularity before and after orthodontic treatment.

The purpose of this study involving a sample of children with single central incisor crossbite was to determine the relationship between clinical crown lengths of the crossbite and noncrossbite mandibular incisors, incisor irregularity, and orthodontic correction of the crossbite. In addition, for comparison, the normal maturational change in position of the labial gingival margin of mandibular incisors not undergoing orthodontic correction was examined. Twenty-one children treated for single central incisor crossbite were matched individually by gender and age to a comparison group. Pre- and post-treatment mandibular central incisor crown lengths and incisor irregularity were measured. In 10 of the 21 anterior crossbite cases, the crown length of the crossbite incisor was more than 1.5 mm greater than that of the noncrossbite incisor. This difference improved with orthodontic treatment by a combination of apical movement of the gingival margin of the noncrossbite incisor (0.9 +/- 0.8 mm) and coronal movement (0.2 +/- 0.6 mm) of the gingival margin of the crossbite incisor. In contrast, for the remaining 11 anterior crossbites without such a crown length difference, and for the comparison cases, the gingival margins of both mandibular central incisors moved equally from pre- to post-treatment by 0.5 +/- 0.5 mm in an apical direction. Pretreatment crown length difference between crossbite and noncrossbite incisor was associated strongly to incisor irregularity (P < or = 0.005, r = 0.65). Orthodontic correction of the crossbite produced an improvement in irregularity index (IR) that was greatest in those anterior crossbite cases with a pretreatment crown length difference.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Child↗
PubMed1979

Use of an incisor diagnostic triangle for evaluating incisor positions relative to the APo line.

Angular values of the upper and lower incisors to the APo line were measured in a sample of fifty subjects with clinically acceptable occlusions, ranging from 10 to 14 years of age. Correlations were high between both upper and lower incisor angulations to the APo line and the interincisal angle. The correlation was low between the upper incisor angulations to the APo line and the lower incisor angulations to the APo line. An incisor diagnostic triangle was introduced. This is made up of the interincisal angle and the intersection of the long axes of the upper and lower incisors to the APo line. Incisor diagnostic templates were introduced and their uses as diagnostic and visual aids were enumerated. These templates were constructed by using an idealized linear position of the tip of the lower incisors on the APo line, the upper incisor angulation to the APo line, and the interincisal angle. By relating both incisors to the APo line and to each other through the interincisal angle, the orthodontist is provided with a simple, specific diagnostic aid. The incisors are positioned in relation to a skeletal reference line (APo) which is more intimately associated with the patient's facial profile than more distant skeletal reference lines or planes, such as sella-nasion, Frankfort horizontal, or the mandibular plane.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Histological and three dimensional organization of the odontogenic organ in the upper incisor of 100 gm rats: comparison with the lower incisor.

The epithelial tissue forming the posterior aspect of the apical foramen in the upper incisor of the rat was reconstructed from 1 mum thick serial cross sections. Like the lower incisor, this portion of the odontogenic organ in the upper incisor was composed of a bulbous and a "U"-shaped part. However, the bulbous part was considerably blunter and the "U"-shaped part much larger in circumference in comparison to the lower incisor. Although no differences were found between the upper and lower incisor regarding the contents and the basic organization of cells within each part of the odontogenic organ, specific differences were found within the bulbous part in the upper incisor. There was a more definitive boundary between the outer dental epithelium and stellate reticulum, a more intimate relationship of cell streams to the stellate reticulum, and a noticeable lack of swirling of cells as part of the streams. These features suggest that the activity inside the bulbous part is less intense in the upper incisor than it is in the lower incisor. In addition, the relationships between the bulbous part, the "U"-shaped part and the root sheath part of the odontogenic organ and the enamel organ were described for the upper incisor.

Ameloblasts↗
PubMed1982

Incisor shape and incisor crowding: a re-evaluation of the Peck and Peck ratio.

Although lower incisor tooth shapes, defined as mesiodistal length divided by labiolingual width, have bee proposed as important factors in lower incisor crowding, the question of whether or not these ratios are more useful than simple measurements of incisor mesiodistal length has not been addressed. In order to test this question, we measured mesiodistal and labiolingual incisor dimensions and lower incisor crowding (defined as the crowding index proposed by Little) on dental casts from two groups: 100 pretreatment orthodontic patients and 100 Hutterites from a religious isolate in Canada. The orthodontic patients are our primary interest. The Hutterites serve mainly to test whether or not results are consistent in another population of different ethnicity, age distribution, and occlusal status. In each population, incisor crowding is correlated with the tooth shape ratios, confirming the general observations of Peck and Peck. However, mesiodistal incisor lengths have slightly higher correlations with crowding than the shape ratios. In multiple regression equations to predict crowding in each population, incisor mesiodistal lengths are the most important variable, and neither the tooth shape ratios nor labiolingual widths significantly improve the equations. Although statistically significant, none of the correlations is higher than 0.30, and they are thus of little clinical value. The use of tooth size measurements or ratios as a guide to clinical procedures is an oversimplification of a complex problem.

Canada↗
PubMed1988

Correlations between lower incisor crowding and lower incisor position and lateral craniofacial morphology.

Crowding of the lower incisors is a problem encountered frequently in orthodontic practice. Successful therapy may depend on the orthodontist's ability to evaluate factors contributing to the overall pattern. Two of these factors, vertical skeletal morphology and lower incisor position in the lateral cephalogram, were evaluated. Dental casts and cephalograms of 100 children with primary mandibular incisor crowding (that is, primary discrepancy between mesiodistal tooth width and available space of the dental alveolar process and apical base) were examined in this study. Results indicated the following: (1) all vertical skeletal and lower incisor position measurements closely duplicated published norms, (2) no correlation was found between lower incisor crowding and either skeletal morphology or lower incisor position, (3) a factor analysis did demonstrate, however, that other selected variables were interrelated, and (4) the cause of lower incisor crowding must be attributed to factors not examined in this study.

Cephalometry↗
PubMed1999

Eruption disturbances of maxillary permanent central incisors associated with anomalous adjacent permanent lateral incisors.

Several causes of eruption disturbances in upper permanent central incisors have been described. This report describes six cases in which the failure of maxillary permanent central incisors to erupt appears to be associated with developmental anomalies in the adjacent permanent lateral incisors. The root formation of the unerupted central incisors was delayed in comparison to the contralateral incisors as was the development of the adjacent lateral incisors. The shapes of the crowns were abnormal and in five cases out of the six described, the primary predecessors of the unerupted incisors were fused.

Child↗
PubMed2000

Autotransplantation of premolars to replace maxillary incisors: a comparison with natural incisors.

The published literature contains no comprehensive studies that compare the outcome of premolar autotransplantation to the maxillary anterior region with natural incisors in the same patients. This article describes the gingival and periodontal conditions around premolars transplanted to the maxillary incisor region, subsequent to restoration. Forty-five premolars autotransplanted to the maxillary incisor region in 40 adolescent patients were evaluated after a mean observation period of 4.0 years. Mean age at surgery was 11.0 years. Established clinical criteria were used to assess tooth mobility, plaque and gingival indexes, probing pocket depth, and percussion. Recession and hyperplasia of interproximal gingival papillae were assessed according to a recently proposed index. Standardized radiography was used to evaluate presence of pathosis, pulp obliteration, root length, and crown-root ratios. Clinical variables for transplants did not differ from those of the natural incisors, except for increased mobility and more plaque in a few transplanted premolars. The interproximal gingival papillae adjacent to all transplanted teeth were normal or slightly hyperplastic. Radiographically, all transplants showed varying degrees of pulp obliteration, but no signs of pathosis. Crown-root ratios were similar for natural and transplanted teeth as were distances from cementoenamel junction to marginal bone. The overall status of the transplanted premolars and surrounding tissues indicated that this treatment modality may be recommended when maxillary incisors are missing in adolescents. In addition, tooth transplantation represents an inherent potential for bone induction and reestablishment of a normal alveolar process.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Prosthetic considerations in the restoration of orthodontically treated maxillary lateral incisors to replace missing central incisors: a clinical report.

The treatment of young patients with missing maxillary incisors poses a challenge to prosthodontists and orthodontists. The 2 principal treatment options are (1) the reopening or maintenance of space for future autotransplantation and/or prosthodontic restoration of the missing teeth, or (2) total orthodontic space closure, followed by prosthodontic modification of the lateral incisors to simulate the central incisors. This article discusses only the second option and describes 2 alternative methods for the modification of crown anatomy. These procedures facilitate the orthodontic closure of missing central incisor spaces to ensure satisfactory, esthetic results.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Dilacerated incisors and congenitally displaced incisors: three case reports.

Three cases of dilacerated incisors and congenitally displaced incisors are reported. Dilaceration of central incisors occurs following trauma to the deciduous dentition. Generally these teeth are so severely malformed that they have to be extracted. Congenital displacement of the central incisors is an idiopathic condition with a generally favourable prognosis for orthodontic alignment.

Cephalometry↗
PubMed2000

Intrusion injuries of primary incisors. Part II: Sequelae affecting the intruded primary incisors.

Luxation injuries to incisors, including intrusive displacement, occur with a high frequency in the primary dentition. Intrusion injuries are associated with damage to the pulpal and periodontal structures and possible fracture of the alveolar bone. The pulpal tissue of the intruded tooth sustains a severe shock during displacement, which may be reflected later by sequelae ranging from mild discoloration to pulpal necrosis and infection. Disintegration of pulpal tissue may result in periapical tissue inflammation, which in turn may induce developmental disturbances in the germ of the permanent successor tooth. Additionally, severe injury to the periodontal ligament during intrusion may lead to ankylosis of the primary incisor and consequently to delayed or ectopic eruption of its permanent successor. This article will review the possible sequelae affecting primary incisors following their intrusion.

Alveolar Process↗
PubMed2001

Eruption of the central incisor, the intermaxillary suture, and maxillary growth in patients with a single median maxillary central incisor.

The occurrence of a single median maxillary central incisor (SMMCI) is a very rare condition and might be a sign of a more severe midline defect, which could be a mild degree of holoprosencephaly. Absence of the internasal and partial absence of the intermaxillary suture has been observed in a fetus with holoprosencephaly. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the intermaxillary suture, the eruption pattern of the single central incisor in the SMMCI condition, and the growth of the maxilla in a group of patients with SMMCI. A similar study was not found in the scientific literature. The material included orthopantomographs, dental radiographs, and lateral cephalometric radiographs from 11 patients with an SMMCI. The orthopantomographs and dental radiographs showed that the intermaxillary suture was abnormal anterior to the incisive foramen; however, the SMMCI erupted within the expected time interval. Superimposition on stable structures on lateral cephalometric radiographs from two untreated patients, in which growth analysis was possible, showed that the horizontal and vertical growth of the maxilla was normal. Due to the sutural midline defect it is suggested that a transversal growth analysis is included in all treatment planning of SMMCI patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Transformation of a lateral incisor to a central incisor with a ceramometal crown].

To change a maxillary lateral incisor into a central incisor by using a ceramo-metallic crown, it is required to schedule a rational plan of treatment. All the different pre-prosthetic (orthodontic, periodontic, and endodontic) and prosthetic steps are described and justified. In order to achieve a compromise between esthetic and a stable periodontium the mesial profile of emergence of the ceramic should be conceived to prevent any overcontour.

Crowns↗
PubMed1994

Case report: twin supernumerary maxillary central incisors, unerupted maxillary central incisors. Early orthodontic treatment in ten-year-old child.

This is the case report of a 10 year-old female Caucasian with a mixed dentition Class I right and Class II left side malocclusion and unerupted maxillary central incisors. It was necessary for the oral surgeon to remove twin supernumerary mesiodens prior to the placement of orthodontic appliances. Space was created to accommodate the customary, also unerupted central incisors, which were rotated 90 degrees to the midline.

Child↗