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Results for “Imitative Behavior”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1975

Affective relationship, locus of control, and imitative behavior.

The effects of the affective relationship between the model and the observer and locus of control on imitative behavior were investigated by exposing 28 boys to their most liked peer and least liked peer on a simple imitative task. Locus of control was determined by the Nowicki-Strickland (6) Locus of Control Scale for Children. More imitative responses were exhibited to the most liked peer than to the least liked peer, and a positive correlation between number of imitative responses and internal locus of control was found. Results were interpreted as indicating the need to control the affective relationship between the model and observer and as supporting Bandura (1) in the imitative behavior is primarily under self-reinforcement control.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Imitative behavior by Down's syndrome persons.

Three scales of imitative behavior (nonverbal, vocal, and verbal) were administered to 28 Down's syndrome subjects and 56 subjects with other diagnoses. All of the subjects were severely retarded and had at least partial vision and hearing, and the two groups were closely comparable with respect to sex, CA, and IQ. The results provided no support for the hypothesis--backed by a century of clinical observation--that individuals with Down's syndrome "are outstanding in their mimicry" (Belmont, 1971, p. 38).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Acquisition of simple motor imitative behavior in mentally retarded and nonretarded children.

The effects of social reinforcement and population on two simple motor tasks which were embedded within a contingently reinforced imitation task were explored. A Social Reinforcement Type x Population interaction was observed, where the nonretarded children performed at higher levels under informative social reinforcement (right-correct) and at lower levels under affective social reinforcement (good-fine); the opposite was observed for the retarded children. In addition, one motor response was imitated to a higher degree than the other response.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Being imitated by an adult and the subsequent imitative behavior of retarded children.

Institutionalized retarded subjects (N=57) were assigned to one of three experimental conditions during a simple three-choice task in which the subjects and the experimenter took turns feeding colored plastic "Cookie Monster." In the imitation condition, the experimenter imitated the subject's choice, and in the ninimtation condition, the experimenter avoided imitating the subject. Following imitation or nonimitation, the subject was given opportunities to imitate the experimenter. In the modeling only condition, the subject's choice always followed the experimenter's so that the subject always had the opportunity to imitate. Analysis of variance revealed a significant difference among the three conditions (p less than .008) in the subjects' tendency to imitate the experimenter. Paired comparisons between conditions showed that subjects in the imitation condition imitated significantly more (p less than .05) than subjects in either the nonimitation or modeling only condition. The nonimitation and modeling only conditions did not differ significantly. Theoretical and practical implications of the findings were discussed.

Child↗
PubMed1977

Developmental analysis of outerdirectedness in noninstitutionalized EMR children.

Outerdirectedness has been found in nonretarded and institutionalized retarded children to be related inversely to cognitive level and directly to history of failure experiences. The developmental nature of outerdirectedness was investigated among noninstitutionalized EMR children using two independent measures of outerdirectedness. Forty subjects, comprising two MA levels, were given a block-design task that was equally difficult for both MA groups. Glancing from the task was found to be related inversely to MA. On a task in which subjects were scored for the amount of imitation of the experimenter's behavior, imitation was also found to be related inversely to MA. However, imitation and glancing were not correlated, suggesting that they may tap different aspects of outerdirectedness.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Imitation in EMR boys: model competency and age.

The effects of model age and competence on the imitation behavior of 80 EMR boys were investigated. Subjects viewed a videotape in which either an adult or a peer performed a motor task with either high or low competence. In addition, the models engaged in four different kinds of off-task social behavior. The results indicated that the boys imitated the off-task social behavior emitted by high-competent and peer models more than low-competent and adult models. In addition, high-competent models were imitated more than were low-competent models on the motor-skill task, but no significant age effect was found. The efficacy of modeling as an instructional strategy was discussed, and we concluded that EMR boys should be exposed to competent models, especially peers, who emit a repertoire of adaptive behavior.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1976

Imitation in the family: a study of older parents and their adult sons.

Older parents and their adult sons (fifteen father-mother-son triads) participated in this study which investigated whether imitative behavior is prominent in these families and whether interpersonal perceptions are related to the degree of imitation. Both perceptual and moral imitation tasks were used and personality descriptions were obtained on dimensions of activity, potency, and evaluation. Adult sons were found to imitate their parents on both tasks and particularly their fathers on moral issues. Older parents also were found to imitate their sons in a possible "reversal" of the direction of identification. Differential patterns of interpersonal perceptions were related to imitation for the three groups. Potential theoretical explanations are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Comparison of nonretarded and mentally retarded children on tasks involving direct and rule-governed imitation.

The influence of intellectual level and social reinforcement on imitation learning was examined. Tasks involving direct and rule-governed imitation of a mode were presented to 20 mentally retarded and 20 nonretarded children. The children within each group were randomly assigned to either an affective ("good-fine") or an informative ("correct-right") social reinforcement condition. Reinforcement, administered on a fixed ration (FR4) schedule, was contingent on the child's imitative behavior. A multivariate analysis of variance showed that both the Population X Reinforcement Type interaction and the Reinforcement main effect were significant. Univariate follow-up tests showed that only rule-governed imitation contributed significantly to the multivariate effects. Analysis of simple effects indicated that retarded children performed optimally under affective reinforcement, while the nonretarded children performed highest under informative reinforcement.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of electrical stimulation of the hippocampus on the behavior of cats and their defensive conditioned responses in a shuttle-box.

In seven cats the effect of posterior hippocampal stimulation on the number of passings over a transverse bar in a shuttle-box was determined before and after induction of a conditioned avoidance reaction in the same experimental situation. The effect of hippocampal stimulation on the reaction was also studied applying it during the conditioning stimulus. It was observed in these experiments that a behavior imitating the conditioned reaction acquired during training, appeared in most cases during stimulation. It was also found that only strong stimulation of the posterior hippocampus applied together with the conditioning stimulus inhibited the reaction.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Imitation of retarded children by their nonretarded peers.

The purpose of this study was to determine whether nonretarded children would imitate the behavior of retarded children who were more competent in an experimental task and to determine whether this imitation would generalize to the selection of the retarded children as task partners in another situation. Each nonretarded observer was allowed to imitate the task behavior of an EMR model when the model was either (a) more competent than the observer, (b) equeally competent, or (c) less competent than the observer in the experimental task. Results indicated that (a) nonretarded observers imitated the behavior of the high competent EMR model significantly more often than the moderately competent model, with the latter in turn being imitated more than the noncompetent model and (b) that girls imitated both low and high competent models more than boys, who were most apt to imitate the behavior of moderately competent models. The data further revealed that competent EMR models were more likely to be chosen as partners on a future game task.

Aptitude↗