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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Self-rated health status and health care utilization among immigrant and non-immigrant Israeli Jewish women.

INTRODUCTION: Since 1989, Israel has absorbed over 700,000 Jewish immigrants from the former Soviet Union, among them about 375,000 women. Immigrants are known to have greater and/or different health needs than non-immigrant residents, and to face unique barriers to receiving care. However, research addressing the specific health problems of these immigrant women has been scarce. OBJECTIVES: To compare self-reported health status and health care utilization patterns among immigrant and non-immigrant Israeli Jewish women; and to explore ways to overcome existing barriers to their care. METHODS: A telephone survey was conducted in September and October 1998 among a random national sample of women age 22 and over, using a standard questionnaire. In all, 849 interviews were completed, with a response rate of 84%. In this article we present comparative data from a sub-set that included 760 immigrant respondents from the former Soviet Union and non-immigrant Jewish respondents. RESULTS: A greater proportion of immigrant versus non-immigrant women reported poor perceived health status (17% vs. 4%), chronic disease (61% vs. 38%), disability (31% vs. 18%) and depressive mood symptoms (52% vs. 38%). Lower rates of immigrant women visited a gynecologist regularly (57% vs. 83%) and were satisfied with their primary care physician. Lower rates of immigrants reported discussing health promotion issues such as smoking, diet, physical activity, HRT, and calcium intake with their physician. The article concludes with a discussion of the implications of the findings for designing services that will effectively promote immigrant women's health, both in Israel and elsewhere.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Does immigration contribute to decreasing CHD incidence? Coronary risk factors among immigrants in Göteborg, Sweden.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate if an increasing proportion of immigrants may have contributed to the decreasing trend in coronary heart disease (CHD) in Sweden during the last few decades and to analyse the cardiovascular risk factor pattern in immigrants compared to Swedish-born subjects. POPULATION AND METHODS: CVD risk factors were investigated within the framework of the WHO MONICA project. A random sample of 1618 men and women aged 25-64 years responded to the invitation to a screening procedure including questionnaires and physical and laboratory examination. Data on myocardial infarctions (MI) were collected from the Göteborg Myocardial Infarction Register. Data from the City Council secretariat were used to estimate the number of immigrants in the total population. RESULTS: In 1995, immigrants constituted 22.4% of the population between 25 and 64 years of age in Göteborg. The incidence of MI in immigrants, 21.7%, was similar to that in Swedish-born subjects. Non-Finnish immigrants reported more unemployment, low physical activity during leisure time and psychological stress than Swedish subjects. Immigrant men also smoked more. BMI and WHR were significantly higher in immigrant women and Finnish immigrants had higher blood pressure than Swedes. Total- and LDL-cholesterol were higher in Finnish men. HDL-cholesterol was significantly lower and s-triglycerides significantly higher in non-Finnish immigrants of both genders. CONCLUSION: The decreasing trend in CHD in Sweden during the last few decades is not due to an increasing number of immigrants from 'low-risk countries'. On the contrary, the immigrants in the present study seem to have a worse CVD risk factor profile than Swedes.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Emotional and behavioural problems and competencies among immigrant and non-immigrant adolescents.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare levels of emotional and behavioural problems and competencies among immigrant and non-immigrant adolescents, and to determine factors that may contribute to any differences reported. METHOD: Subjects were selected randomly from students aged 12-16 years attending a high school with a high proportion of immigrants in Perth, Western Australia. Parents completed the Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL), and students completed the Youth Self-Report (YSR) and a Personal History Questionnaire. RESULTS: On univariate analyses, non-immigrant adolescents had significantly higher CBCL and YSR scores than immigrant adolescents. Multivariate analyses suggested that CBCL scores were predicted by a number of variables other than immigration, including family intactness, socioeconomic status (SES) and gender. Higher YSR scores were predicted by non-intact families, school setting and non-immigrant status, and higher competencies scores were predicted by higher SES and parents not being immigrants. CONCLUSIONS: In assessing the effects of immigration on adolescent mental health, it is important to control for factors associated with adolescent behavioural and emotional problems and to use multiple informants. Overall, immigrant adolescents report fewer total and externalizing problems and fewer competencies than native-born adolescents. This finding may reflect strict immigration policies or cultural differences in definitions of psychopathology and the social expectations for adolescents' behaviour.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2002

Psychometric evaluation of the Demands of Immigration Scale with Taiwanese-Chinese immigrants: a pilot study.

BACKGROUND: Each year thousands of people move across national borders and become immigrants of another country. They face several demands and sources of distress during resettlement. The Demands of Immigration (DI) Scale developed by Aroian et al. (1998), is the only instrument available to nurses (and other clinicians and researchers) to measure immigration-specific distress. This scale, however, is written in English and has only been tested with former Soviet immigrants in the Boston area of United States of America (USA) for psychometrics. AIM: This instrumentation pilot study is designed to evaluate the readability and psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the DI Scale. INSTRUMENT: This selected scale is a 23-item, 6-point Liket type scale. Six dimensions are included: loss, novelty, occupation adjustment, language accommodation, discriminations, and not feeling at home. High scores indicate high levels of distress related to the demands of immigration. METHODS: The study uses a descriptive, cross-sectional design with a multimethod approach. Seventy-three Taiwanese-Chinese immigrants (> or = 18 years) in the USA responded to the scale and a demographic questionnaire. Eighteen of them contributed to the interview data that were collected for assessing content validity of the scale. Observations during the interviews and participants' questions were also documented for the evaluation. Scale format, wording of items, distribution of responses, internal consistency, test-retest reliability, content validity, and construct validity are examined. FINDINGS AND CONCLUSION: Analyses suggest that the Chinese version is easy to read and understand. The internal consistency and test-retest reliability are satisfactory. This scale could be used with Taiwanese-Chinese immigrants as a generic measure of immigration-related distress. Nonetheless, three main problems with its use with Taiwanese-Chinese immigrants and Chinese immigrants at large are revealed in the study. Each problem is discussed. Suggestions for further development of the Chinese DI Scale are addressed.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

The New Immigrant Survey Pilot (NIS-P): overview and new findings about U.S. legal immigrants at admission.

This paper provides an overview of the New Immigrant Survey Pilot (NIS-P), a panel survey of a nationally representative sample of new legal immigrants to the United States based on probability samples of administrative records of the U.S. Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS). The NIS-P links survey information about immigrants' pre- and post-immigration labor market, schooling, and migratory experiences with data available from INS administrative records, including the visa type under which the immigrant was admitted. Results indicate that the procedures followed for locating, interviewing, and reinterviewing respondents yielded representative samples of new legal immigrants and high-quality data. On the basis of data obtained from the first round of the survey, we present new information never before available on the schooling and language skills of new immigrants and their earnings gains from immigration.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Psychiatric hospitalization of immigrants to Israel from the former USSR: assessment of demand in future waves of immigration.

In the years 1970-1990 approximately half a million immigrants from the former USSR arrived in Israel. Experts predict that new waves of immigration are likely to happen. This paper presents an attempt to forecast the need for appropriate psychiatric services in future waves of immigration. The study compares hospitalization patterns of immigrants arriving in Israel between 1972-1980 with those arriving in 1990. The rates of admission were compared to the rates for Israelis in the specified periods and an estimate for the future need for psychiatric services was calculated. The central finding in this study was that former Soviet immigrants were admitted to psychiatric hospitals within the first year of their arrival at a higher rate than Israelis in the 1970s and in 1990. In the 1970s the admission rate for immigrants was 33 per 10,000, while the rate for Israelis was 20 per 10,000. In 1990 the admission rate for immigrants was 31 per 10,000, while the rate for Israelis was 20 per 10,000. The forecast for the next years is for 320 first admissions within a year after arrival for every 100,000 immigrants. Planning for new waves of immigrations from the former USSR should therefore include a serious consideration of the provision of appropriate psychiatric services.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Do immigrants screened for skills do better than family reunification immigrants?

"It is sometimes thought that immigrants [to the United States] who are screened for occupational skills are likely to become more productive Americans than immigrants who gain admission on the basis of family ties to native-born U.S. citizens or to previous immigrants. However, the expected differential may be small or nonexistent because: 1) kinship immigrants have access to family networks; 2) whereas employers may screen for short-term productivity, family members may screen for long-term productivity; and 3) native-born U.S citizens who sponsor spouses may be particularly adept at screening for long-term success. Longitudinal data on the 1977 immigrant cohort is used to compare initial and longer-term occupational outcomes among employment and kinship immigrants. Results indicate a narrowing of the differential, due both to higher rates of occupational downgrading among employment immigrants and of occupational upgrading among kinship immigrants."

Americas↗
PubMed1998

From refugees to immigrants: the legalization strategies of Salvadoran immigrants and activists.

"The legalization strategies pursued by Salvadoran immigrants and activists from the 1980s to the present demonstrate that migrants' and advocates' responses to policy changes reinterpret law in ways that affect future policy. Law is critical to immigrants' strategies in that [U.S.] legal status is increasingly a prerequisite for rights and services and that immigration law is embedded in other institutions and relationships. Immigration law is defined, however, not only when it is first formulated but also as it is implemented, enabling the immigrants who are defined according to legal categories to shape the definitions that categorization produces. Immigrants and activists also take formal legal and political actions, such as lobbying Congress and filing class action suits. Through such formal and informal policy negotiations, immigrants seek to shape their own and their nations' futures."

Americas↗
PubMed1997

Fewer immigrants settle in nonmetro areas and most fare less well than metro immigrants.

"Recent attention to the issue of immigration in the United States has led to the addition of questions about immigration status to the Current Population Survey. Data from the March 1996 version show that Mexico has been the single largest source of immigration to the nonmetro United States, that a large proportion of nonmetro immigrants are children, and that nonmetro immigrants generally have lower earnings, higher unemployment, and higher poverty rates than metro immigrants and nonmetro natives. Fewer immigrants live in nonmetro areas than in metro, but they are concentrated in particular areas."

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

[Immigration in a country of immigration: the Canadian experience].

"Until well after the Second World War, Canadian immigration policy favoured immigration in general, but it was characterised by ethnic and racial preferences and waves of discrimination. Only after 1962 was a less discriminatory point system...implemented which selected immigrants according to their standard of education and the demands of the Canadian labour market. This policy still indirectly favoured 'old' immigration groups. Since 1978 a new immigration law has been the basis of an annual immigration plan taking into account social, humanitarian, and economic criteria. One of its consequences has been the shift towards a greater proportion of Asian immigrants. This change has led to various tensions in the Canadian public." (SUMMARY IN ENG AND FRE)

Americas↗
PubMed1989

Immunohistological analysis of immigration of thymocyte-precursors into the thymus: evidence for immigration of peripheral T cells into the thymic medulla.

The immigration route of thymocyte precursors into the thymic microenvironment was examined in various experiments using two strains of mice (B10.Thy-1.1 and C57BL/6) that were identical in H-2 and different in Thy-1 locus. The experiment of thymus grafting revealed that there were two types of thymocyte precursors; one immigrated into the cortex and vigorously proliferated and the other directly immigrated into the medulla. Such a direct immigration of host-type cells into the medulla of the grafted thymus was not observed, when thymus was grafted into young adult nude mice having no T cells. When bone marrow cells were iv injected into intact mice, the direct immigration of donor-type cells was observed only in the cortex, not in the medulla. In parabiotic mice, the immigration of partner's cells into the medulla was observed independently before the proliferation of partner's cell in the cortex. These findings taken together indicate that peripheral T cells directly immigrate into and recirculate through the thymic medulla.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Age at immigration to England of Asian and Caribbean immigrants and the risk of developing multiple sclerosis.

OBJECTIVES: Previous studies have shown that multiple sclerosis is very uncommon among Indian and Pakistani immigrants to England but that their children born in the United Kingdom, in the age groups available for study, have a similar risk of developing the disease as occurs in the general British population. The present study was to ascertain if these immigrants who enter England as children below the age of 15, have a higher risk of developing multiple sclerosis than those that enter after this age. METHODS: A search was made in Greater London, the West Midlands, Leicester, Bradford, Halifax, and Huddersfield to find ethnic Indian, Pakistani, and Bangladeshi immigrants to England with multiple sclerosis. During the course of the study some immigrants from the Caribbean with multiple sclerosis were also found. The population at risk by ethnic group and age at entry was not available from the 1991 Census but was available in the annual Labour Force Surveys. RESULTS: Indian and Pakistani immigrants who entered England younger than 15 had a higher risk of developing multiple sclerosis than those that entered after this age. Caribbean immigrants, who have a higher multiple sclerosis prevalence than Asian immigrants, did not show this difference. CONCLUSION: This study confirms previous studies which show that the environment during childhood is a major factor in determining the risk of developing multiple sclerosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Immigrants, denizens, and citizens: Latin American immigration and settlement in the 1990s.

"This article examines the immigration and settlement patterns [in the United States] of immigrants from Latin America. It places Latin American immigration in historical perspective in order to understand the components of the contemporary flow. Settlement is examined through a series of attitudinal and behavioral variables with the goal of assessing the levels of attachment of Latin American immigrants to life in the United States. In addition to data from the Immigration and Naturalization Service and the Census Bureau, it reports previously unpublished findings from the National Latino Immigrant Survey and the Latino National Political Survey."

Acculturation↗
PubMed1998

Coping with the stress of immigration among new immigrants to Israel from Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) who were exposed to Chernobyl: the effect of age.

This study examined the differential effect of age on coping and psychological measures among immigrants from Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) to Israel. Some of these immigrants originated in the Republics adjacent to the Chernobyl Power Plant, site of the 1986 accident. The sample consisted of 708 immigrants who were interviewed between the years 1993-1995 with an average age of 47.5 (sd 11.8). This sample was reinterviewed approximately a year and three months later (n = 520). The sample included two exposure groups--high exposed and low exposed based on the estimated levels of ground cesium contamination from the IAEA maps and a comparison group matched by age, gender, and year of immigration. Those over the age of sixty-five were disadvantaged, compared to those aged fifty to sixty-four, and younger, when it came to the tasks of immigrant absorption; learning the language, working and acquiring an income, and establishing alternative social networks which could offer support in times of illness. The psychological variables showed that over time, somatization, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms related to Chernobyl improved, however at a much slower pace for older immigrants (aged 55 and over) compared to younger ones.

Acculturation↗
PubMed1993

Adjustment problems among Soviet immigrants at risk, Part 2: Emotional distress among elderly Soviet immigrants during the Gulf War.

The nature and components of emotional distress under the threefold stress--old age, immigration and war--were studied in a group of 170 elderly Soviet immigrants in two settings--a mental health hotline for Soviet immigrants and an outreach project to immigrants deemed at risk. Most of the subjects reported distress during and following the war. Outreach subjects reported lower levels of distress determined by emotional factors and were much more concerned with objective problems related to immigration. In contrast, the predominant determinants of the hotline subjects' distress were emotional reactions related to the war. Among the emotional reactions, anxiety reactions were the most common symptom among women, while depressive reactions were more characteristic of men. Identified risk factors for emotional distress in men included prior experience with acute stress (Chernobyl accident) and living within an extended family. Academic education was identified as a resilience factor for women. No factors were identified that related to emotional distress combined with active help seeking behavior. This finding is particularly important in the context of primary and secondary prevention with Soviet immigrants.

Adjustment Disorders↗
PubMed1996

Canada's changing immigration policy: implications for Asian immigrants.

"The present paper reviews Canadian immigration policy and assesses the current situation. An analysis of the 1994 immigration consultation process is presented which led to the new changes in immigration policy. Recent changes in the organizational structure of the Department of Citizenship and Immigration and its policy are evaluated. The implications of the new immigration policy are discussed, particularly as it relates to Asian immigration."

Americas↗
PubMed1993

Immigration policy and immigrant quality: empirical evidence from Canada.

"This paper examines the earnings of foreign-born and native-born men [in Canada] in an attempt to evaluate whether the decline in the quality [based on earnings] of Canadian immigrants is related to changes in the country-of-origin mix and the class (type) mix of immigrants....The analysis consists of two parts. The first part is based on individual data on earnings and socio-economic characteristics collected in the 1971 and 1986 Canadian Censuses.... In the second part of the analysis, additional regression equations are estimated, pertaining to the period 1968 to 1985, that relate these Census-based measures of immigrant quality to the country-of-origin and class mix of immigrants." The impact of changes brought about by the 1967 restructuring of the Canadian immigration system is analyzed.

Americas↗