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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1979

Tuberculosis in immigrants to Canada. A study of present-day patterns in relation to immigration trends and birthplace.

The influences of immigration on tuberculosis morbidity in Canada were examined. The pattern of immigration has changed markedly in recent years, increasing proportions of immigrants being from areas other than Europe. Morbidity rates varied widely according to country of birth and were highest among persons born in Asia and lowest among those born in northwestern Europe and the United States. These rates were generally parallel to those reported in the countries of birth, although somewhat lower. Differences in patterns of disease by birthplace were noted, particularly the preponderance of lymphadenitis in Asians and genitourinary tuberculosis in Italians. Although the frequency of drug-resistant bacilli was higher in Asians than in other groups, the vast majority of bacilli in all groups were drug-sensitive. For purposes of tuberculosis control, immigrants from high-incidence countries constitute a high-risk group, and physicians should be aware of this when dealing with patients from these countries.

Asia↗
PubMed1978

[Incidence study of endemic nephropathy among newcomers (immigrants) to endemic foci in Bulgaria].

The clinical-laboratory studies of 488 immigrants in 17 endemic settlements in Bulgaria are presented. The average age of the immigrants is 56 years and 31 years is the average duration of the sojourn in the endemic foci. From the total group of immigrants 30 per cent are "contact ímmigrants", i.e. immigrants that had lived together or are living at present with patients with endemic nephropathy or members of their families. The average duration of the sojourn of the contact immigrants in the endemic environment is the same as that of the whole group. Ten of the immigrants have come in their child-adolescent age into the endemic settlements. The average age of that group is 61 and the average duration of the sojourn in the endemic foci is 52 years. The following data are stressed upon: The total and renal morbidity of the immigrants in the endemic foci does not differ in structure from that of the country. No sufficient data are available about the existence of family domestic noxae or infections. No data indicating tumours in the urinary system were found in the immigrants examined. It is conculded that, at the stage of the examination, no definite data were established about the endemic nephropathy affection of the immigrants in the endemic foci which though indirectly support the genetic hypothesis of endemic nephropathy etiology. The dispensarization of the immigrants in the endemic foci favours the longitudinal examination which is the final aim of the authors.

Bulgaria↗
PubMed1977

Motor neurone disease and multiple sclerosis among immigrants to Britain.

Hospital discharge rates for various immigrant groups resident in Greater London and the West Midlands were studied to compare the incidence of two diseases of the nervous system-motor neurone disease (MND) and multiple sclerosis (MS). For both these conditions immigrants from Europe, Ireland, America and from the old commonwealth countries of Canada, Australia, and New Zealand had discharge rates that were similar to those for people born in the United Kingdom. In contrast, immigrants from the new commonwealth countries of Asia, Africa, America (including the West Indies), and Europe (Gibraltar, Malta, and Gozo) had a greatly reduced risk of MS but a very similar risk of MND compared with those born in the United Kingdom. MS but not MND was rare among immigrants of Asian or African ethnic origin and uncommon among immigrants from the West Indies. Deaths attributed to MS and MND have also been studied. During a three-year period there were no deaths reported for MS among immigrants of Asian and African ethnic origin and 14 were expected. There were two deaths from MND among these immigrants and five were expected. Among the immigrants from the West Indies two deaths were attributed to MS and 13 were expected, and there were three deaths attributed to MND and four were expected. The contrast between MND and MS in hospital morbidity and mortality confirms that MS among immigrants to Britain is rare in those of Asian and African ethnic origin.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Hysteria and psychosomatic disorders in Portuguese immigrants].

Seventy patients presenting symptoms of hysteria (49 women and 21 men) were selected among patients observed at the Institute Minkowska during the year. This work is part of a research work on socio-cultural and environmental factors which can change mental status of immigrants. These are all portugese workers presenting for the first time atypical mental troubles called by the author: "bastard hysterical syndrome of the immigrant" and characterized partly or totally by the following symptoms: fatigue, anxiety, sense of suffocation, dyspnea, coughing, unilateral chills or generalized chil, abdominal or gastric pains, headaches and "diffused pains", paresthesia, aching back, tears and sorrow, fear of dying or having a cancer, asthenia, leg paresthesia and contractions, vomiting, diarrhea, cardiac pains, palpitations, dizziness and collapsing. These troubles appear sometimes without apparent motives but they are almost always due to a precipitating cause expressed by the patient: a delivery, a familial death, a homosexual proposition, a trauma without importance, a working conflict etc... But the most frequent cause invoked is "the french climate" without knowing precisely what the word "climate" means: atmospheric conditions, athmosphere or reception milieu? This latest interpretation seems more likely after months of psychotherapy. Most patients are not french speaking and cannot write; their origin is rural (familial villages well structured regarding their food and sexual economy), and people well "armed" by a system of defense mechanisms and well adopted conditioned reflexes. In this work, hysteria of the portugese immigrant is compared to childhood hysteria. As the hysterical burst of the child is aimed at calling attention, love of the mother, at finding a solution to a familial or social conflict, the hysterical burst of the immigrant is aimed at the absent family or at its substitutes, the bos, social security, the doctor. Furthermore, the attitude of the hosting Country--wanting and rejecting--is very ambivalent; "tenderness" at the time of reception, followed by indifference. Early attentions are followed by constant interdictions (threat of unemployment, false statements on sexual dangers of the immigrant etc;..). The immigrant, like the hysterical child, is periodically controlled (work and visit cards), supervised (supervisors), The narcistic satisfactions of being called a good worker can be followed by threats of firing in economic crisis. The society of the hosting country requires the immigrant to be identical to this society: language, physical appearance, food. The real paradoxical situation to which the immigrant is confronted and the real or hypothetical fears constitute conditions of experimental neurosis, to which portugese immigrants react very often by a bastard symptomatology of hysterical type, characteristic of displaced man. These preliminary studies are the frame for a future epidemiological survey in this specific population.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Tuberculosis among immigrants in Britain. Memorandum from the Joint Tuberculosis Committee.

Tuberculosis is much commoner among immigrants to Britain than among the native-born. In 1971, 5% of the population were immigrants yet they accounted for 32% of tuberculosis cases. The notification rate among immigrants is falling in some areas but rising in others, and many immigrants are still arriving in Britain. Most immigrants arrive at London Airport, and as many as possible are x=rayed there with the resources available; Many cases escape detection, however, and it is therefore important that accurate information about all immigrants is sent to the medical officer for environmental health at their destination. New arrivals should then be sought out, tuberculin-tested, and positive reactors x-rayed. All those who are tuberculin-negative should be vaccinated with BCG whatever their age. Positive reactors should undergo annual radiography and be encouraged to report symptoms early. For both new and established immigrants with strongly positive tuberculin reactions chemoprophylaxis is suggested. All children of immigrants should be given BCG at birth and tuberculin-tested when they start school so that omissions can be rectified. Implementation of these recommendations could contribute considerably to the control of tuberculosis in Britain.

Africa↗
PubMed1978

Prevalence of dental caries and quality of restorations among new immigrants to Israel.

The purpose of the present investigation was to gather information on the prevalence of dental caries and the quality of restorations of new immigrants to Israel, and to compare those two categories among immigrants from different regions of origin. New immigrants, residents of four absorption centers in Israel, were included in the study. Altogether, 1,031 immigrants (417 Eastern European, 338 Western European/North American and 276 South American) were examined. The results indicate that new immigrants to Israel from Eastern Europe are affected with more carious teeth (D), are missing more teeth (M), and have received quantitatively less treatment (F) than immigrants from Western Europe/North American and South America. The South America are an intermediate group. A similar distribution was found between the groups by their respective ages. The quality of dental restoration was found to be statistically higher among immigrants from Western European/North American and South American origins with the latter group exhibiting an intermediate level of quality of dental restorations.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Pregnancy and delivery among immigrants.

Risk factors during pregnancy and delivery of immigrant women are analysed. Individual birth delivery records of 1 235 immigrant women and of 412 Swedish women are studied. Most of the immigrants--65%--were Scandinavians, while 10% had come from Southern Europe and 4% were non-Europeans. The immigrant groups differed somewhat amongst themselves, and also vis-à-vis the Swedes in some social and demographic respects. Participation in antenatal care was not lower among the immigrants than in the control group, but the former did not attend antenatal exercises to the same extent. The perinatal mortality and prematurity rates were 1.5% and 5%--about the same as among the Swedish women. The rate of premature delivery was found to be related to the duration of residence in Sweden. Women who had lived less than one year in this country more often delivered prematurely than did the more settled immigrant women. Further studies on the emotional reactions of immigrant women during pregnancy and delivery are proposed.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1977

Immigrants and natives as mental health care recipients.

Survey results indicate more mental health problems among immigrants than in the native population in Sweden and in one country of departure, Finland. This is reflected in the high proportion of immigrants in the mental hospital studied, but not among psychiatric out-patients. The immigrant patient rate is high even in socially advantageous groups, eg. among married and employed persons. The diagnoses and problems reported in the patient case records of immigrants and natives are compared, with controls for background variables. Some problems, e.g. paranoia, somatic symtoms, and diffuseness of difficulties are clearly related to immigration status but others, eg. alcohol, work, or human relations problems are connected only with social class or sex, irrespective of immigration status.

Acculturation↗
PubMed1978

[Outcome of pregnancy and prenatal care among immigrant women (author's transl)].

A retrospective survey on a representative sample of births in France in 1972 relating to more than 11000 women showed the amount of perinatal pathology among immigrants as compared with French women: a higher rate of foetal or neonatal distress, a three to four times higher stillbirth rate among Portuguese and North African women, a prematurity rate more than twice as higher among North African women. When differences in parity and socio-cultural level between immigrant and French women were allowed for, there remained a higher rate of perinatal pathology among immigrants. Prenatal care was also more often inadequate among immigrants, even when taking into account their low socio-cultural standard. Attitude towards prenatal care was highly influenced by the level of adaptation in France. But, even with equal prenatal care, perinatal pathology was higher among immigrant women: being an immigrant is a risk factor in itself.

Acculturation↗
PubMed1979

Asthma in Asian immigrants.

Adult Asian immigrants to the United Kingdom attending an asthma clinic have been compared with a control group of non-immigrant Caucasian asthmatic patients of similar age distribution. The Asian immigrants had a later age of onset of asthma than their non-immigrant controls. Comparison with studies of asthmatic patients in India suggests that this may be an intrinsic ethnic difference but an effect of migration in early adult life is not excluded. Despite a later age of onset, the frequency of positive skin prick tests to common allergens was similar in the immigrant and control groups and 71% of the Asians had positive reactions to the house dust mite. Most other clinical features, the variability of airways obstruction and the requirements for treatment showed no significant differences between the two groups.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Adjustment and behaviour of Finnish and Southern European immigrant children in Stockholm. I. The teachers' assessment.

The adjustment and behaviour of immigrant schoolchildren were studied by means of teacher interviews. The material consisted of 50 Finnish and 37 southern European children. For comparison, 44 Swedish migrant children were also sampled. All had settled in the County of Stockholm three years prior to the study. Swedish children who had lived in the county for more than four years served as controls. In the teachers' opinions the immigrants as a whole had adjustment difficulties more often than the controls, but the proportion of children with such difficulties was no higher among the immigrant children. Compared with the controls the immigrant children showed a higher frequency of symptoms relating to a disordered self-esteem. The immigrant children were also considered to have a lower status and to be less trustworthy than the controls. The schooling of these children demands serious attention in order to prevent discrimination and to promote a feeling of personal worth among the children.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2026

Social Isolation and Loneliness Among Older Asian Immigrants Through the Lens of Sense of Coherence: Systematic Review of Qualitative Studies.

AIM: To explore the meaning older Asian immigrants attribute to social isolation and loneliness, their management strategies, utilisation of resources and impact on health. DESIGN: Systematic review of qualitative studies. DATA SOURCES: AgeLine, CINAHL, MEDLINE, ProQuest, PsycINFO, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were searched in September 2024. METHODS: Inclusion criteria: participants were Asian immigrants to Western countries aged 65 and over, community-living and experiencing social isolation and loneliness. Antonovsky's Sense of Coherence was used to frame the thematic analysis. RESULTS: Ten papers were included and analysed deductively using elements of the sense of coherence framework: • Comprehensibility: Social isolation and loneliness are viewed as multifaceted, influenced by cultural and environmental dislocation, language barriers, intergenerational conflicts, deteriorating health and mobility, and socioeconomic challenges. • Manageability: included engaging in culture-specific community programs, family and ethnic community support and living within ethnic enclaves mitigated isolation and loneliness. • Meaningfulness: Strong family ties, active community involvement, spirituality, volunteerism, and cultural practices fostered resilience. However, accepting the changing values of their new world, living independently, and carving their own niche provided meaning to their transformed reality. CONCLUSION: Older Asian immigrants experience social isolation and loneliness through a cultural lens, shaped by migration experiences, language barriers, and shifting family dynamics. Cultural roots, family ties, spirituality, community, acceptance, and independence enhance sense of coherence. Recognising the dynamic interplay between cultural identity, resilience, and adaptation is key to understanding their lived experience. IMPLICATIONS FOR THE PROFESSION AND PATIENT CARE: This review informs culturally sensitive interventions, guiding healthcare, community services, and policy to support social participation, mitigate loneliness through ethno-specific activities, and improve the quality of life for aging immigrant populations in Western countries. REPORTING METHOD: The review was undertaken and reported using the PRISMA guidelines. PATIENT OR PUBLIC INVOLVEMENT: None. PROTOCOL REGISTRATION: PROSPERO (CRD42023425752).

Humans↗
PubMed1977

Prevalence of intestinal parasitic infestation, salmonellosis, brucellosis, tuberculosis, and hepatitis B among immigrant children in Glasgow.

Two hundred Asian and 100 each of African, Chinese, and Scottish children were screened for intestinal parasitic infestations, salmonellosis, brucellosis, hepatitis B antigen (HBsAg), and tuberculosis. There was a fairly high incidence of Giardia lamblia among Asian and Scottish children and of Trichuris trichiura among the Chinese. Hookworm ova were seen only in Africa children. There were no chronic carriers of Salmonella or Brucella, and no one was suffering from salmonellosis or brucellosis. Tuberculin sensitivity was found in only 4% of immigrant and 1% of Scottish children: the difference was small and neither figure suggests a continuing high incidence of tuberculosis in Glasgow. Only seven immigrant children were found to be HBsAg carriers. Among the families of these carriers there was a high incidence (84%) of HBsAg or antibody (HBsAb). The survey shows that immigrant children in Glasgow do not constitute a health hazard to the indigenous population. Moreover, severe overcrowding is not a prominent feature among the immigrant families in Glasgow but is greatest among the local Scots.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Socio-cultural determinants of attempted suicide among West Indians in Birmingham: ethnic origin and immigrant status.

The author studied the significance of ethnic origin and immigrant status in attempted suicide. Epidemiological data (1969-72) indicated that self-poisoning among West Indian immigrants in Birmingham was less prevalent than among natives there but more prevalent than in the West Indies. The association of recent pregnancy with attempted suicide among young immigrant patients was noteworthy. Attempted suicide among immigrants was often relatively benign; few abused alcohol or drugs or made repeated attempts. The markedly lower male rate of attempted suicide, and its rarity in older persons, confirms previous findings.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Recent net alien immigration to the United States: its impact on population growth and native fertility.

Estimates of the size and structure of recent alien immigration to the United States are made. Substituting these revised estimates in the Series II projections of the U.S. Bureau of the Census implies a future U.S. population smaller than that implied by the Census Bureau's estimates of immigration. The analysis of Coale (1972)--which calculates the decline in native-born fertility required to accommodate immigration and, at the same time, maintain a stationary population--is replicated, using both the Census Bureau's estimates and the revised estimates reported here. The revised estimates indicate a smaller reduction in native fertility and a smaller ultimate size of the stationary population than are implied by the Census Bureau's immigration estimates. The importance of age structure in all of these calculations is demonstrated.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2025

Rapid genome-wide introgression reveals fitness advantage of immigrant genotypes.

Evolutionary biology has long recognized the tendency for populations to be locally adapted to their ancestral habitat, resulting in higher resident fitness. However, immigrants can also introduce beneficial alleles. The resulting adaptive introgression is usually inferred retrospectively, rather than as a contemporary process. Here, we document exceptionally rapid ongoing adaptive introgression in a lake population of threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus). In the first generations after a discrete immigration event, all chromosomes exhibited large increases in immigrant ancestry due to linkage disequilibrium. After a decade, the extent of introgression varied across the genome. The fastest-evolving genes included Spi1b, which enables an increased fibrosis defense against a previously common tapeworm, whose prevalence then declined dramatically. This case study highlights the capacity for immigration to supply beneficial alleles that drive rapid genome-wide evolution.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1978

A longitudinal study of oral health in immigrant children in Sweden.

Children immigrating into Sweden from Finland and Southern Europe (Greece, Yugoslavia and Turkey) were subjected to a longitudinal study on caries activity and gingival condition. For each immigrant child a Swedish "twin" of the same sex and age was used as a control. Out of 124 pairs originally examined, 75 were reexamined after a 2 1/2-year stay in Sweden. The study showed that on arrival in Sweden the Finnish children had more caries and a higher Gingival Index (GI) than the controls and that they acquired more carious lesions during their stay in this country. Their GI, however, did not develop less favorably than that of the Swedish controls. The South-European children did not seem to have more carious lesions than the Swedish controls on arriving, nor did they seem to acquire more carious lesions during the period of observation. Their GI was higher at the first examination but the change in this index ran parallel with that of the controls. It was concluded that the children immigrating from Finland should be considered a risk group with regard to oral health.

Adolescent↗