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Results for “Immunologic Tests”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

[Combined use of the Koch tuberculin provocation test and immunological tests in patients with urinary tuberculosis].

The use of provocative Koch test proved most effective in enhancing sensitivity of serological diagnostic tests EIA and IHA with PHA. This contributed to more accurate assessment of the tuberculous process activity in patients with advanced destruction of the kidneys. Quantitation of antituberculous antibodies may serve an additional criterium in evaluation of effectiveness of urological tuberculosis chemotherapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

[The CEA test and other immunological tests as disease course controls in gastrointestinal adenocarcinoma].

161 patients with adenocarcinoma of the gastrointestinal tract were studied to determine the value of the CEA test and a battery of non-specific immunological tests during the course of the disease. The ability of these tests to detect a tumor recurrence in radically operated patients was evaluated. A false negative preoperative CEA value was found in 40% of the patients with gastric carcinoma and 32% with colorectal carcinoma. Patients with a negative preoperative CEA value, and those with only slightly elevated values, had a distinctly better prognosis regarding initial operability and tendency to postoperative recurrence than patients with primarily markedly elevated values. With few exceptions, the development of distant metastases was detected earlier and more easily with the CEA test than by the usual routine follow-up methods. However, in the event of isolated local recurrence the CEA test was positive in only 1 of 5 patients. This reflects the direct correlation between tumor size and CEA elevation. The CEA test is a valuable supplement in the follow-up of patients with gastrointestinal carcinoma.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1991

Month-related variability in immunological test results; implications for immunological follow-up studies.

This longitudinal study was originally designed to detect changes in the in vitro immune response of healthy subjects as a result of a psychological intervention. In this study a significant proportion, about 70%, of the immunological variability in the test results was accounted for by the differences in immunological response levels of the subjects. Apart from this between-subject-effect, a significant proportion of the variability in test results was related to the month of data sampling. The month-effect was computed in such a way that the between-subject variation was taken into account. This resulted in a more accurate estimation of the month-effect. Even after correction for the intervention, i.e. the defence of the PhD thesis, the effect of month of data sampling remains significant for mean corpuscular haemoglobin, mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration, percentage of CD4 and CD8 cells, and for the response to the mitogens phytohaemagglutinin, pokeweed mitogen and concanavalin A as well as the results for the mixed lymphocyte culture for one pool out of three. In contrast, no significant month-effect was observed for the whole blood cell counts, for the differential white blood cell counts as determined by monoclonal antibody staining for cell surface markers CD3, CD16, TAC and OKM1, nor for the immunoglobulin IgM and IgG serum levels. Likewise the cell-mediated lympholysis activities measured against three pools of stimulator cells remained unaltered. We discuss the implications for future immunological follow-up studies of the observation that a significant proportion of the variability in immunological test results is related to differences between subjects and to the month of data sampling.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Practice parameter--the lupus erythematosus cell test. An obsolete test now superseded by definitive immunologic tests.

The lupus erythematosus (LE) cell test (synonyms: LE prep, LE phenomenon; CPT No. 85544, LE Cell Prep) is a diagnostic test for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) that is based on an in vitro immunologic reaction between the patient's autoantibodies to nuclear antigens and damaged nuclei in the testing medium. It is subject to numerous experimental variables and dependent on subjective interpretation. It should be abandoned in favor of more definitive, quantitative immunologic tests for this condition.

Cytodiagnosis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Diagnostic performance of immunologic tests in amebic liver abscess using receiver operating characteristic curves].

Objectives. 1) To identify the tests of immunological diagnosis with a high diagnostic efficiency in amebic liver abscess. 2) To determine the ideal cutoff point for such tests. 3) To identify the influence degree of the antigen used over the test efficiency. Design. Comparative survey. Study units. Analysis of 24 articles identified in the medical literature about tests of immunological diagnosis in amebic liver abscess. Measurements. Starting from the articles, operating characteristics curves (ROC) were established derived from the test application to patients with amebic liver abscess. Results. A great variability in the diagnostic efficiency was identified between the various tests, even when the analysis was focused on the investigations of a specific test. It was not possible to conclude which test had a major degree of efficiency due to such variability. The cutoff level considered as relevant was higher than the one traditionally used for indirect hemagglutination and it had concordance with the one presently accepted for the fluorescence antibodies test. By maintaining steady the spectrum of the study patients and the type of test, variability among the tests persisted. This was due to the use of different antigens. Conclusions. A great variation in the diagnostic efficiency of the analyzed tests was identified. The variation source was the type of test, the antigen used and probably the illness spectrum.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗
PubMed1997

Immunological testing for occult blood in patients with acute infectious diarrhea. Can it improve the specificity of the guaiac test?

Microscopic stool examination can distinguish inflammatory from noninflammatory diarrheas. The modified guaiac test was shown to have good correlation to stool microscopy. In a prospective study we evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of a modified guaiac test (Colo-Rectal-Test, Roche) and of an immunological test for fecal haemoglobin (Colo-Immun-Test, Roche) in relation to the diarrheal pathogens identified and compared it with the stool microscopy. In 304 patients, clinical presentation, stool microscopy, stool culture, and modified guaiac test were recorded. Sensitivity of the guaiac test was 69% as compared to 63-67% for the stool microscopy. Specificity could be improved by 10-15% using an immunological test to exclude false-positive guaiac reactions. A modified guaiac test can replace microscopic stool examination to distinguish between inflammatory and non-inflammatory diarrhea. Immunological testing for occult blood can improve the specificity of the guaiac test, but is too elaborate to serve as a screening test. The modified guaiac test can easily be handled by community health workers and could be important in the diagnostic work-up for acute infectious diarrhea.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1995

Screening for oligoalbuminuria by means of Micral-Test II. A new immunological test strip.

A new dip-and-read test strip for systematic detection of oligoalbuminuria was assessed. The test is based on a competition for gold-labelled anti-albumin antibodies between specimen albumin and albumin molecules immobilised in the test strip. The final detection area is coloured by excess free antibodies. The colour reaction is compared to a colour scale reflecting 0, 20, 50 and 100 mg/l albumin. Method comparison with an immuno-turbidimetric quantitative technique was performed on 747 unselected specimens. The correlation coefficient was 0.938, the Spearman rank coefficient 0.863. In spite of considerable overlap of the results attributed to the 4 colour blocks, the test was found to be perfectly useful as a 2-class-test, as there were practically no false negative tests and as all the specimens yielding reactions stronger than the 20 mg/l colour block were found to contain 20 mg/l albumin or more by the reference method. The colour block 20 mg/l represents the inevitable grey zone, results in this range being found to be normal and increased above this pathological cut-off by the reference method. Follow-up by quantitative albumin dosage in timed morning urine for all specimens found positive by the dipstick confirms the existence of oligoalbuminuria, eliminating the cases of orthostatic albuminuria, of oligoalbuminuria simulated by low diuresis and the false positives due to oversensitivity of the test strip. The test strip is easy to handle. The reaction time is short and the colour reaction is stable and easy to read. Systematic use of this test in routine urine chemistry is suggested.

Albuminuria↗
PubMed2002

A new immunological test strip device for the rapid, qualitative detection of faecal occult blood.

OBJECTIVE: Guaiac tests for faecal occult blood are still the most commonly performed screening procedure for colorectal cancer. Because both sensitivity and specificity of faecal occult blood testing are critical to cost-effective colorectal cancer screening programs, we investigated a rapid immunological test strip device for bedside detection of faecal occult blood. METHODS: Stool specimen from 100 patients were chosen for this study based on the presence (n = 50) or absence (n = 50) of faecal occult blood as measured with a human haemoglobin ELISA (cut-off level </= 10 micro g Hb/g stool). All specimens were analysed for faecal occult blood by a guaiac test (Hemocare) and an immunological test strip device (Prevent ID CC). RESULTS: Sensitivity and specificity of the immunological faecal occult blood test strip device were 76 % and 92 %, compared to 30 % and 90 % for the guaiac test. Increasing the cut-off level of the haemoglobin ELISA to </= 20 micro g Hb/g stool, the corresponding sensitivity and specificity were 86 % and 83 % for the immunological test strip device and 42 % and 92 % for the guaiac faecal occult blood test, respectively. The highest positive predictive value was achieved with the immunological test strip device. CONCLUSIONS: The new immunological test strip device is more sensitive than a guaiac test for the detection of faecal occult blood, whereas the specificity of both tests was comparable. However, the clinical validity of this new immunological faecal occult blood test strip device for colorectal cancer screening has to be established, yet.

Colorectal Neoplasms↗
PubMed1978

A simple visual surface immunology test.

A new general immunology test is described which is capable of detecting protein in the 1 microgram/ml range. First an antigen is adsorbed in a small area of a glass surface. The glass is exposed to an antibody solution and the antibody will attach specifically to the antigen. Next the slide is washed, dried and sprayed lightly with plastic particles that stick to the protein layers on the glass. Now when the glass slide is exposed to an acid the antigen--antibody bonds are broken, the antibodies will leave the surface removing some of the plastic particles and leaving an easily visible spot behind.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus. The value of immunologic tests.

A variety of immunologic tests are now available to assist the clinician in the differential diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and related disorders. Knowledge of the sensitivity and specificity of each test is critical for proper clinical interpretation. Also important is a detailed consideration of the clinical situation and the pretest estimate of the likelihood SLE is present. The antinuclear antibody (ANA) test is the most sensitive test for SLE and is therefore the best screening assay for ruling out its presence. Anti-native (N)-DNA and anti-Sm (Smith antigen) tests are highly specific for SLE and have strong confirmatory powers, even in a patient unlikely to have the disease. New information regarding the operating characteristics of tests for SLE and a recent trend toward more analytic and cost-conscious use of the laboratory should allow clinicians to make more rational and cost-effective decisions about methods of diagnosis. Combination sequential testing seems to be a logical approach.

Antibodies↗
PubMed1993

Comparison of Shams' test for rectal mucus to an immunological test for fecal occult blood in large intestinal carcinoma screening. Analysis of a check-up of 6480 asymptomatic subjects.

The sugar moiety detected from rectal mucus by the Galactose oxidase-schiff (Shams' test) is considered a substitutive test for immunological fecal occult blood test (FOBT) in screening colorectal carcinoma. Two strategies of screening were applied in 6480 subjects over 40 years of age, and 130 cm flexible colonoscope used for sigmoidoscopy or pancolonoscopy. Of them, 3820 were taken for immune FOBT (SPA test) and Shams' test. Only those who showed positive tests were chosen for 60 cm flexible sigmoidoscopy, while another 2660 subjects for both sigmoidoscopy and tests at the same time. Additionally, 130 cm flexible pancolonoscopy was carried out in 103 individuals with positive Shams' test for evaluating the false positive rate. Shams' test showed a sensitivity of 85.7% for colorectal cancer, 47.1% for adenomas in preselected patients, while the positive rate of SPA test were 90.5% and 41.2% respectively. In 3820 asymptomatic subjects undergoing sequential screening (aged 45 years and higher), Shams' test showed 9.1% positive, SPA showed 11.2% and 620 (16.2%) subjects were selected for sigmoidoscopy based on their positive galactose oxidase result or positive FOBT result. Two early stage carcinomas and 33 adenomas (0.32% and 4.2% respectively in sigmoidoscopy) were found. Another 2 660 subjects were taken for sigmoidoscopy screening. Four carcinomas and 78 adenomas were found. Of them, only two carcinoma (50%) and 17 (21.8%) or 22 (28.2%) adenomas were positive in Shams' or SPA test. But both tests combined in screening showed a rate of 61.3% in adenomas and 75.0% in cancers. 103 subjects with positive Shams' test were taken for pancolonoscopy. 82.5% showed no lesions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Immunological testing and treatment in reproduction: frequency assessment of practice patterns at assisted reproduction clinics in the USA and Australia.

BACKGROUND: The roles that alloimmunity and autoimmunity may play in reproductive failure, including recurrent pregnancy loss and failed IVF, have not been clearly established. To help define practice patterns, we investigated what tests clinicians in the USA and Australia were offering, to which patients (diagnostic groups) the tests were recommended, and in what situations immunological/anticoagulation treatment was advised. METHODS: A five section survey was completed by senior physicians attending the annual national fertility society meetings in the USA and Australia. Results were tabulated and analysed. RESULTS: Antiphospholipid antibody testing was offered to patients with recurrent pregnancy loss by almost all physicians surveyed. Patients with previous failure of IVF were tested much less often. Other immune tests (embryotoxic assay, natural killer cells and leukocyte antibodies) were ordered by none of the Australian participants and approximately 25% of the American participants. The use of immunotherapy and anticoagulation therapy for patients who tested positive for various immunological tests was also evaluated for frequency of use and reported secondary complications. CONCLUSIONS: Large, well-structured studies examining the benefits of immunological evaluation and treatment are necessary before definite recommendations can be made.

Abortion, Habitual↗