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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1976

Studies on the mechanism of specific immunological unresponsiveness. II. Immunological properties of lymphoid cells from normal, immunized and immunologically unresponsive mice transferred into lethally irradiated recipients.

The immunological capacity of lymphoid cells from mice rendered tolerant to high and low doses of BSA was investigated. The tolerance was induced by multiple injections of high and low doses of antigen through the period of 30 days. Lymph node and bone marrow cells from tolerant animals were transferred into lethally irradiated syngeneic recipients. After 10 days, when lymphoid organs of the recipients were repopulated with the injected cells, challenge injection of the same antigen incorporated into complete Freund's adjuvant was given. The immune response of the transferred cells in the recipients was evaluated by analysis of the specific antibodies in the sera. Lymphoid cells from donors rendered toloerant with high doses of antigen recovered their reactivity 20 days after the transfer to the level of reaction of normal cells. Lymphoid cells from donors receiving multiple injection of low doses of BSA remained tolerant after the transfer through the entire observation period. According to the cellular events in the donors during the period of tolerance induction, and the behaviour of the transferred lymphoid cells in the new recipients, it seems possible that tolerance induced with high doses of BSA corresponded to the B-cell tolerance, while low doses of antigen most likely induced tolerance of T-cell population. The possible cellular mechanisms of B and T-cell tolerance were discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Immunological surveillance against neoplasia: an immunological quandary.

Immunological endeavor in recent years calls for a reappraisal of the concept of immunosurveillance against neoplasia. This concept proposes an immunological policing system capable of aborting tumor growth by the recognition of "nonself" tumor associated antigens on neoplastic cells. The model is supported by evidence of tumor induction in the immunosuppressed host and the demonstration of an immune response to tumors in animals. The occurrence of tumor, regarded as a failure of immunosurveillance, is attributed to selection of neoplastic cells for immunological or other reasons or abnormal humoral or cellular antitumor immune responses. However protagonists of the postulate are faced with mounting evidence that fails to support the surveillance hypothesis. These observations include, inter alia, the monoclonality of certain tumors, the low incidence of spontaneous tumors in genetically immunodeficient mice and immunological privileged sites, and new ideas about the pathogenesis of lymphoproliferative neoplasms. However, contradictory arguments are not sufficiently substantiated to prosecute the case against surveillance conclusively. In citing highlights of the evolving quandary, both the pros and cons of immunological surveillance are presented here.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Multi-system immunologically mediated disease: T lymphocyte deficiency and thyroid immunologic disease--a report of four cases.

Four cases are described of multi-system immunologically-mediated disease (systemic lupus erythematosus (two cases), polymyositis, and sarcoidosis) in association with thyroid autoimmunity. In all patients there was evidence of T lymphocyte deficiency, namely poor response of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) to T cell mitogens (four cases) and failure or decreased ability to become sensitized to dinitrochlorobenzene (three cases), although two patients were ill and two were being treated with steroids. There was also evidence of B lymphocyte deficiency since PBL of no patient responded normally to pokeweed mitogen, a B and T lymphocyte mitogen. In two patients there was evidence of cell-mediated immunity to human thyroid antigens. Although thyroid stimulating antibody was not detected in the one patient with Graves' disease tested, significant titres of thyroid antibodies were detected in all cases. Possible relationships between T lymphocyte deficiency, organ-specific autoimmune disease and immunologically-mediated multi-system disorders are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Immunological and non-immunological mechanisms of some of the desirable and undesirable effects of anti-inflammatory and analgesic drugs.

Studies were carried out on patients with adverse reactions to aspirin, paracetamol, phenacetin, codeine, dihydrocodeine, some pyrazolone derivatives, and indomethacin. Three clinico-pathological forms of adverse reactions received particular attention: (1) Asthma, with or without manifestations of systemic anaphylaxis; (2) Serum-sickness-like syndrome; (3) Lymph node enlargement with histological features simulating lymphoma or Hodgkin's disease, which occurred in patients receiving phenylbutazone in particular. A variety of immunological investigations, including some in vitro correlates of immediate- or delayed-type allergy, were carried out. The three syndromes seemed to be associated with immediate-type (or immediate-type-like), immediate-type plus delayed-type, and delayed-type allergy, respectively. In most of the patients with immediate-type-like reactions, and where immunological mechanisms were apparently not involved, pharmacological mediators, particularly histamine, were released from their leucocytes when challenged in vitro with the causative agent(s). This suggested that the main underlying abnormality of their asthma or peripheral vascular manifestations was a direct release of mediators by the drugs, i.e. some type of idiosyncrasy. The causative mechanism of this abnormality has not been established yet.

Anaphylaxis↗
PubMed1977

Sequential immunologic stimuli to the respiratory tract: a paradox in the degree of potentiation of airway responses depending on the sequence of reverse passive and active immunologic stimulation.

Immunologic stimuli to the airway of rhesus monkeys were given by aerosol challenge with ascaris antigen or anti-IgE. Both of these stimuli produce immediate-type airway responses. When 2 sequential aerosol challenges were given during the same experiment, the response following the second stimulus was always less than or equal to the first response following any combination of stimuli except the anti-IgE-ascaris sequence. The second response following the latter challenge was always greater than or equal to the first response. The possibility that this exception was the result of anti-IgE priming mediator releasing cells for antigen was not supported by in vitro experiments. It is suggested that the results obtained with the anti-IgE-ascaris sequence may relate to the presence of intralumenal mast cells in the bronchi and the molecular weights of the 2 immunologic stimuli.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Immunological experimental arthritis in pigs. V. Reaction of the synovial membrane in the pigs non-immunized and immunized with the virus of Aujeszky's disease after the intraarticular administration of the immunological complexes.

Immunized animals were given intraarticular complexes formed in vitro from the autologous serum and virus AD. 7 days after complex administration with excess of the virus, weak inflammatory reactions of the immunological type were noted. After neutral complex administration virulent immunological inflammation of the synovial membrane took place. The histological picture resembled rheumatoid arthritis in the man and the changes obtained after the virus administration to the joints with a high level of antibodies. Administration of complexes and homological serum alone to the joints of the nonimmunized animals caused the occurrence of superficial focuses of fibrinoid necrosis, but there was a lack of cellular reactions.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

[Immunology of pregnancy -- more recent aspects of immunological mother-child relations (author's transl)].

An account is given of some topical aspects relating to immunology of pregnancy, with reference being made to more recent literature. Included are hypothetical considerations on undisturbed embryonic development, the barrier function of the placenta, the ontogenesis of the immune system, immunosuppressive factors of pregnancy serum, the macrophage function of placental cells, pregnancy proteins, and immunological peculiarities of EPH gestosis.

Antibody Formation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Current concepts of tumor immunology. I. Basic immunologic concepts.

Interest in tumor immunology grew out of the study of host response to microbial infections during the second half of the 19th century. However, the growth of interest in transplantation during the 1950s and 1960s is largely responsible for the great surge of scientific investigation into tumor immunobiology which we are experiencing today. Tumor cells possess certain abnormal antigens in addition to their normal complement of transplantation antigens. These abnormal antigens evoke an immune response in the host, which involves both the humoral and the cell-mediated systems. Though the cell-mediated (thymus derived) system is generally conceded the most important role in tumor cell destruction, the humoral (bursal-equivalent derived) system also plays a role in host response which is presently less clearly understood. Certain aspects of the humoral response (blocking factors) actually appear to inhibit the host response against a tumor. This complex system of host immune response to tumor has been termed the immunosurveillance system.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Immunological properties of membrane-bound adenosine triphosphatase: immunological identification of rutamycin-sensitive F0.F1ATPase from Micrococcus luteus ATCC 4698 established by crossed immunoelectrophoresis.

(1) F0.F1ATPase (EC 3.6.1.3) from Micrococcus luteus ATCC 4698 was solubilized from plasma membranes by the non-ionic detergent Triton X-100 in the presence of 0.05 M MgCl2. (2) The antibiotics rutamycin, Dio-9, quercetin, oligomycin, botrycidin, efrapeptin, leucinostatin, valinomycin, and venturicidin as well as N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide and dinitrophenol are potent inhibitors of F0.F1ATPase activity.(3) F0.F1ATPase activity is completely inhibited by anti-F1ATPase antibodies. The inhibition is non-competitive. (4) Crossed immunoelectrophoresis reveals a reaction of immunological identity of F0.F1ATPase and F1ATPase indicating that both enzymes have in common antigenic sites.

Adenosine Triphosphatases↗
PubMed1979

Immunological unresponsiveness in mice. II. Cellular basis of immunological unresponsiveness induced in foetal and neonatal mice by transfer of human gamma-globulin by the maternal route.

The cellular basis of the mechanism of immunological tolerance to human gamma-globulin (H gamma G) induced in foetal and neonatal mice by materno-foetal or materno-neonatal transfer after a single injection of tolerogen (deaggregated H gamma G) into the mothers was investigated using a cell transfer system and assays of passive haemagglutinating antibodies and plaque-forming cells to H gamma G. The results demonstrated that B cells are mainly involved in the tolerance induced on the fourteenth day of gestation, whereas inactivation of T cells may account for the tolerance induced on the eighteenth day of gestation and in the neonatal stage. Treatment of the mothers with tolerogen and then anti-H gamma G serum reduced the tolerance induced on the fourteenth day of gestation, but did not affect that induced on the eighteenth day of gestation and in the neonatal stage. Cell transfer experiments showed that B-cell tolerance induced on the fourteenth day of gestation was prevented by passive antibody, while T-cell tolerance induced on the eighteenth day of gestation and in the neonatal stage was not affected by passive antibody. Assay of the anti-DNP antibody response after immunization with DNP10-H gamma G showed that treatment of mice with the tolerogen on the eighteenth day of gestation, but not the fourteenth day of gestation, inactivated H gamma G-reactive helper cells. The significance of these results is discussed in relation to the results of the cell transfer experiments described as above.

Animals↗