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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2004

Leucine aminopeptidase of the human blood flukes, Schistosoma mansoni and Schistosoma japonicum.

An array of schistosome endoproteases involved in the digestion of host hemoglobin to absorbable peptides has been described, but the exoprotease responsible for catabolising these peptides to amino acids has yet to be identified. By searching the public databases we found that Schistosoma mansoni and Schistosoma japonicum express a gene encoding a member of the M17 family of leucine aminopeptidases (LAPs). A functional recombinant S. mansoni LAP produced in insect cells shared biochemical properties, including pH optimum for activity, substrate specificity and reliance on metal cations for activity, with the major aminopeptidase activity in soluble extracts of adult worms. The pH range in which the enzyme functions and the lack of a signal peptide indicate that the enzyme functions intracellularly. Immunolocalisation studies showed that the S. mansoni LAP is synthesised in the gastrodermal cells surrounding the gut lumen. Accordingly, we propose that peptides generated in the lumen of the schistosome gut are absorbed into the gastrodermal cells and are cleaved by LAP to free amino acids before being distributed to the internal tissues of the parasite. Since LAP was also localised to the surface tegument it may play an additional role in surface membrane re-modelling.

Absorption↗
PubMed1987

Is the surface charge on granulocytes really decreased following their exposure to chemotactic factors?

The mean axial ratio of polarised granulocytes has been determined and interpolated with plots relating settling factors (the inverse of relative frictional coefficients) to the axial ratios of simple isotropic solids. The estimate for the relative frictional coefficient of polarised granulocytes obtained by this procedure (f/fo = 1.11) suggests that a change in cell shape can account largely for the previously observed decreases in granulocyte electrophoretic mobility that occur following exposure to chemotaxins. In consequence, the widely held view that chemotaxins induce an alteration in cell surface charge is open to re-appraisal.

Cell Movement↗
PubMed1975

Recurrent Aeromonas sepsis in a patient with leukemia.

A case of recurrent sepsis due to Aeromonas hydrophila in a patient with acute myelogenous leukemia is reported. The patient's first infection leading to bacteremia followed contamination of a mosquito bite by stagnant water. After recovery from the first bacteremia, the patient again became septic with a second strain of Aeromonas hydrophila, which again responded to antimicrobial therapy. It is hypothesized that contamination of the local water supply may have led to the establishment of a gastrointestinal carrier state that produced the second bout of Aeromonas sepsis when the patient was markedly leukopenic. The importance of the oxidase test to differentiate Aeromonas species from members of the family Enterobacteriaceae is re-emphasized.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Translational initiation frequency of atp genes from Escherichia coli: identification of an intercistronic sequence that enhances translation.

The c, b and delta subunit genes of the Escherichia coli atp operon were cloned individually in an expression vector between the tac fusion promoter and the galK gene. The relative rates of subunit synthesis directed by the cloned genes were similar in vitro and in vivo and compared favourably with the subunit stoichiometry of the assembled proton-translocating ATP synthase of E. coli in vivo. The rate of synthesis of subunit c was at least six times that of subunit b and 18 times that of subunit delta. Progressive shortening of the long intercistronic sequence lying upstream of the subunit c gene showed that maximal expression of this gene is dependent upon the presence of a sequence stretching greater than 20 bp upstream of the Shine-Dalgarno site. This sequence thus acts to enhance the rate of translational initiation. The possibility that similar sequences might perform the same function in other operons of E. coli and bacteriophage lambda is also discussed. Translation of the subunit b cistron is partially coupled to translation of the preceding subunit c cistron. In conclusion, the expression of all the atp operon genes could be adjusted to accommodate the subunit requirements of ATP synthase assembly primarily by means of mechanisms which control the efficiency of translational initiation and re-initiation at the respective cistron start codons.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed2006

Do zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) alter lake water chemistry in a way that favours Microcystis growth?

This study examined possible relationships between the presence of zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) and Microcystis spp. abundance. Experiments were conducted in 12 microcosms designed to mimic shallow lake ecosystems. Fresh, aerated water with phytoplankton (pseudokirchneriella spp. and Microcystis spp.) was pumped into each microcosm daily to ensure zebra mussels were exposed to oxygen and food. Microcosms containing zebra mussels experienced significantly higher fluxes of nitrate (p=0.019) and lower fluxes of ortho-phosphate (p=0.047) into sediments. In a second experiment, water column nutrient concentrations were compared in microcosms with and without live zebra mussels. Consistent with results of the previous experiment, microcosms with zebra mussels had significantly less nitrate (p=0.023) and organic nitrogen (p=0.003) in the water column, while ammonium (p=0.074), phosphate (p=0.491), and dissolved organic carbon (p=0.820) in the water column were not different between microcosms with or without zebra mussels. Microcosms with zebra mussels also experienced a reduction in green algae (pseudokirchneriella) (p<0.001) and an increase in abundance of Microcystis (p<0.001) relative to microcosms without zebra mussels. In an experiment without zebra mussels, nutrient ratios (N/P) were manipulated to determine potential links between N/P and relative abundance of each phytoplankton. Manipulation of N/P was intended to mimic differences observed in microcosms with and without zebra mussels in the previous experiment. Low N/P (mimicking microcosms with zebra mussels) was related to an increase in Microcystis (p<0.001) and Microcystis/Pseudokirchneriella biovolume (p<0.001). It is this shift in N/P, and possibly some level of selective feeding, that is believed to have driven changes in the relative abundance of Microcystis. In lakes invaded by zebra mussels, alterations in the processing of nitrogen and phosphorus could contribute to the re-emergence of Microcystis blooms.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

EEG differences in children as a function of resting-state arousal level.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to explore the basis of a theoretical position which has major impact in the current literature on attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (AD/HD) - that the ratio of theta to beta power in the EEG (the theta/beta ratio) represents central nervous system (CNS) arousal. METHODS: Resting state topographic EEG activity was investigated as a function of CNS arousal in normal right-handed boys. Arousal was defined in terms of electrodermal activity, which has a long history in Psychology as a measure of CNS arousal. RESULTS: Relative delta, theta, and beta power, and the theta/beta ratio, failed to differ significantly between age-matched groups which differed markedly in skin conductance level and non-specific electrodermal fluctuations. The high-arousal group showed significantly lower levels of relative alpha power, particularly in posterior and hemispheric regions, with higher alpha frequencies in these areas. CONCLUSIONS: These data fail to support the theoretical linkage between the theta/beta ratio and CNS arousal. Further work is needed to disentangle the different correlates of arousal and task-related activation, particularly in cognitive and attentional-processing terms. SIGNIFICANCE: The outcomes of this study, in addition to clarifying the nature of EEG markers of CNS arousal, have important implications for our understanding of AD/HD, as they require re-evaluation of current models of the disorder.

Analysis of Variance↗