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Head positioning for the panorex x-ray machine. Re. no. 543.
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Bone scintigraphy in the management of X-ray-negative potential scaphoid fractures.
One hundred and eleven patients with signs and symptoms of carpal scaphoid injury, but with no fracture visible on X-ray, underwent bone scintigraphy of the wrists. The first 42 patients were re-X-rayed 10 days after injury: bone scanning had identified all fractures confirmed on this X-ray; there were no false negative bone scans. Sixty-seven patients (60%) did not have increased focal uptake over the scaphoid or distal radius, and were mobilised immediately. None of these had a fracture at follow up. Twenty-nine patients with increased uptake over the scaphoid area (26%) remained in plaster of Paris for 6 weeks. All of these had clinical signs of a scaphoid injury. Bone scanning is a practical investigation for all X-ray-negative potential scaphoid injuries, and is acceptable to patient and clinician. In the presence of a normal scan, the practice of re-X-raying patients 10 days after injury may be abandoned.
Value of re-examining x-ray films of outpatients attending accident services.
X-ray films of 4,665 patients who had attended an accident service as outpatients were reviewed by the clinicians and reported on by the radiologist the next day.In 20 cases the radiologist did not comment on bony injuries which had been diagnosed and treated by the accident service senior house officer. The radiologist, however, detected bony injuries which had been missed by the accident service senior house officer in 26 cases. In 10 cases injuries which had not been detected at the original examination or by the radiologist were noted when the x-ray films were reviewed. On two occasions the fracture was missed at all three examinations.The daily joint review of x-ray films by accident service officers and the radiologist seemed to increase the clinical and radiological acumen of the staff of the accident service.
Spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis after five-level lumbosacral laminectomy for selective posterior rhizotomy in cerebral palsy.
Of 163 children who have undergone five-level lumbosacral laminectomies for selective posterior rhizotomy, 20% of those re-X-rayed post-operatively (19/99) have developed incidental isthmic spondylolysis or grade I spondylolisthesis. The majority of patients were ambulatory, active, spastic diplegics. There were five children with isthmic defects at L3-4, three at L4-5 and 11 at L5-S1. Six of the 19 children had grade I spondylolisthesis, but none were symptomatic nor has there been any evidence of further slipping to date. It is postulated that the laminectomy, associated lordosis and increased mobility after rhizotomy may be factors in the causation.
A re-evaluation of x-ray diffraction patterns of DNA.
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The 1972 Cuban national child growth study as an example of population health monitoring: design and methods.
A stratified 3-stage random sample of 50 360 children ages 0-19 drawn from the whole population of Cuba was measured in a large-scale growth study during 1972-73. Fifteen anthropometric measurements were taken and puberty stages and menarche status were assessed. Hand-wrist radiographs were done on 10% of the sample. Information regarding the social and education status of the parents was obtained and parental heights were measured. One year later, 30% of the sample were re-measured and 10% re-X-rayed. The overall response rate was 96% at pre-school and primary school age, and a lettle less later. Quality control sessions were held at which the nine measuring teams compared results. No significant differences were found between teams working different parts of the island. Differences between duplicate measurements of stature by individual measurers had standard deviations approximating 0.20 cm. Individual measurers' means differed from the grand means of all measurers by up to +/- 0.2 cm for stature, +/- 0.4 cm for sitting height and +/- 0.5 mm (7% of mean) for triceps skinfold. One or more measurements lay outside the 3rd-97th centile limits in 21% of individuals. Scrutiny of these individuals' records resulted in elimination of measurements in amounts ranging from 0.1% (triceps skinfold) to 1.1% (crown-rump length). Problems of planning and execution of growth surveys designed to set national standards are described, and solutions given or suggested.
Ultrasound assessment of the suspected scaphoid fracture.
A prospective study of 111 patients thought to have sustained a recent scaphoid fracture on clinical grounds but who were radiologically negative was undertaken over a period of 7 months. All such patients were subjected to ultrasound scanning within a week of their injury under double blind conditions. All patients were re-X-rayed 2-3 weeks after their injury. The authors' results suggest that ultrasonic diagnosis of the possibly fractured scaphoid is unreliable.
The response of mouse skin to re-irradiation with x-rays or fast neutrons.
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Prevention of bony fluorosis in aluminum smelter workers. A 15-year retrospective study of fluoride excretion and bony radiopacity among aluminum smelter workers -- Pt. 4.
1. Fifty six aluminum smelter workers with 10 to 43 years' occupational exposure, and who had been previously studied medically, were re-x-rayed. Average urinary fluoride concentrations since 1960 were estimated to range from 2.78 mg/liter preshift and 7.71 mg/liter postshift. 2. Roentgenographic studies in 1960-66 and 1974 failed to reveal any evidence of fluoride associated bony change. 3. Although these workers represent a self-selected group, their magnitude and duration of exposure far outweighs any other group working at present or in the past at this plant. The implication that they have uniformly self-selected as fluoride resistant individuals is improbable. 4. These data indicate that group post-shift ur a long period is not associated with enhanced risk of bony fluorosis. If preshift urinary fluoride concentrations are less than 4 mg/l, the same results appears to apply.
[Re-evaluation of X-ray films of duodenal ulcer with comparison to pathological and endoscopic findings].
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Re-refinement of the X-ray crystal structure of bovine lens leucine aminopeptidase complexed with bestatin.
Bestatin, (2S,3R)-3-amino-2-hydroxy-4-phenylbutanoyl-L-leucine, has been incorrectly modelled in the previously reported structure of the complex between bovine lens leucine aminopeptidase (blLAP) and bestatin. In the previously reported structure, the C2 of bestatin was modelled and refined in the R configuration instead of the correct S configuration. The structure of the blLAP-bestatin complex has been re-refined after remodelling bestatin in its correct stereochemistry.
High chromosomal sensitivity of Chinese hamster xrs 5 cells to restriction endonuclease induced DNA double-strand breaks.
The cytogenetic effects of restriction endonucleases (RE) and X-rays were examined in the radiosensitive mutant Chinese hamster cell line xrs 5 and its normal parental line CHO K1. Cells were permeabilized with Sendai virus and exposed to Pvu II and Eco RV which induce blunt-ended double-strand breaks (dsb) in the DNA of cells, or Bam H1 and Eco R1 which induce cohesive-ended dsb with a four-base overlap. Treated cells were then assayed for the presence of metaphase chromosomal aberrations by sampling at multiple fixation times and in experiments where cells were exposed to graded series of RE concentrations. Exposure to X-rays or RE causing blunt-ended dsb was found to be between two and three times more effective in xrs 5 than in CHO K1 cells. We interpret this higher chromosomal sensitivity of xrs 5 cells as reflecting the reported defect in dsb repair in xrs 5. Both xrs 5 and CHO K1 cells yielded less aberrations after exposure to Bam H1 or Eco R1 than after exposure to Pvu II or Eco RV, confirming our previous results and demonstrating that cohesive-ended dsb are less damaging than blunt-ended dsb. Multiple fixation time experiments showed that the higher sensitivity of xrs 5 was evident at several different sampling times after treatment. Similarly the low yield of aberrations after exposure of cells to Bam H1 was evident at all sampling times. Overdispersion of chromosomal aberrations was observed in samples exposed to RE. This is thought to be due to a non-uniform permeabilization of the cell population to RE. Our results indicate that RE-induced dsb are handled by cells in a similar way to those arising during X-ray exposure.
Re-irradiation tolerance of rat spinal cord to fractionated X-ray doses.
Experiments were performed to assess the re-irradiation fractionation sensitivity in the rat cervical spinal cord. Animals were given initially three daily fractions of 9 Gy representing 75% of tolerance at the ED50 level. After an interval of 20 weeks, they were re-irradiated with graded doses of X-ray in single, 2, 5, 10 and 20 daily fractions, or a single retreatment top-up dose of 12.8 Gy (equivalent to 80% of retreatment tolerance) followed by doses in 1, 2, 4, 10 and 20 daily fractions. The end-point was paralysis of the forelimbs secondary to white matter necrosis. Latent periods to paralysis ranged from 188 to 245 days from initial irradiation, or from 48 to 105 days from re-irradiation. For a given fractionated retreatment schedule, shorter latent times were observed in animals re-irradiated to higher total doses. The re-irradiation ED50 values for single, 2, 5, 10 and 20 fractions were 14.0 (95% CI 13.3, 14.2), 20.5 (19.9, 21.2), 29.1 (28.0, 30.1), 36.3 (35.1, 37.4) and 47.8 Gy (46.2, 48.3), respectively. For re-irradiations with a 12.8 Gy top-up dose followed by doses in single, 2, 4 and 20 fractions, the retreatment ED50 values excluding the 12.8 Gy top-up dose were 4.5 (95% CI 3.0, 5.4), 6.5 (5.6, 7.3), 7.0 (5.0, 8.1) and 10.9 Gy (8.9, 12.5), respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Ray's balanced dogmatism scale re-examined.
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Increased 32P-SSCP sensitivity by combining RE digestion and extended X-ray film exposures.
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[Total intraoral X-ray examination: common mistakes causing re-exposures].
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