PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Indian”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1979

Psychological and behavioural disturbance in West Indians, Indians and Pakistanis in Britain: a comparison of rates among children and adults.

Data are presented from four studies which compare rates of psychological disturbance for three groups of immigrants to Britain and natives respectively. Children of West Indian and Asian parents are compared to native British children on the Rutter Teachers' Questionnaire and on rates of admission to psychiatric hospitals. Asian children have lower rates of behavioural deviance and mental hospital admissions than do British children. Children of West Indian immigrants show no more behavioural deviance in schools than do British children, but have considerably higher rates of admission to mental hospitals. The pattern for adults is remarkably similar to that shown by children, even though different definitions of psychological disturbance are used. The findings are discussed in the context of previous studies of immigrants to Britain and contemporary theories of immigrant adjustment.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1976

The seroepidemiology of reovirus, coxsackievirus infections among Panamanian Indian children.

Rates of hepatitis B virus infection varied significantly among Panamanian Indian tribes. Chocó and Mainland Cuna Indians had a greater prevalence of antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen than Guaymi and Island Cuna Indians. The village water supply appeared to be the major environmental difference that distinguished the tribes from one another. Since contaminated water plays a role in the transmission of enterovirus, an attempt was made to assess relative exposure to contaminated water by determination of the prevalence of antibodies to reovirus and coxsackievirus B in children 10 years old or younger. Infection with coxsackievirus B occurred more frequently in Chocó and Mainland Cuna Indians than in Guaymi or Island Cuna Indians. Although essentially all children tested were exposed to reoviruses, Mainland Cuna Indians had the highest geometric mean titers of antibody, followed by Chocó, Guaymi, and Island Cuna Indians in descending order. This parallel in rates of hepatitis B and enterovirus infection supports the hypothesis that fecal-oral transmission of hepatitis B virus is important in certain populations.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1979

Low density lipoprotein metabolism and lipoprotein cholesterol content in southwestern American Indians.

The prevalence of ischemic heart disease is significantly lower in southwestern American Indians than in Caucasians. To investigate this difference, the metabolism of low density lipoprotein apoprotein (apo-LDL) and plasma lipoprotein cholesterol composition were studied in 10 southwestern American Indians and 5 Caucasian controls. The plasma concentration of LDL cholesterol in American Indians was 88 +/- 5 mg/dl (mean +/- SEM) and 111 +/- 7 mg/dl in Caucasians. The corresponding values of apo-LDL concentrations were 53 +/- 3 mg/dl and 77 +/- 4 mg/dl, respectively. Conversely, high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) concentrations were significantly higher in American Indians (56 +/- 4 mg/dl) than in Caucasians (37 +/- 3 mg/dl). There were no statistically significant differences in the biological half-life of apo-LDL, calculated from the second exponential of the plasma die-away curve (3.06 +/- 0.15 days vs. 3.45 +/- 0.11 days), the fractional catabolic rate of apo-LDL (0.432 +/- 0.01 vs. 0.411 +/- 0.01), or the fraction of total exchangeable apo-LDL in the intravascular space (70 +/- 1 vs. 67 +/- 3%). As derived from the absolute catabolic rate under steady-state conditions, the synthetic rate of apo-LDL in American Indians was, however, significantly lower than in Caucasians (334.6 +/- 7.8 mg/m(2) per day vs. 507.2 +/- 6.7 mg/m(2) per day; P < 0.001). These data indicate that the lower levels of plasma LDL cholesterol and apo-LDL in American Indians are due to a reduced rate of apo-LDL synthesis rather than to differences in fractional catabolic rates. These differences, in combination with higher HDL cholesterol levels, may contribute to the lower prevalence of ischemic heart disease in American Indians.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Immune-indian ink method for detection of hepatitis A associated antigen and antibody.

TIndian-ink grains coated with commercial gamma globulin (immune-Indian-ink) were agglutinated by 3 percent of sera from healthy volunteer blood donors; by 4 percent of those from hospital staff in contact with patients suffering from hepatitis; and by 10 percent of those from patients with viral diseases other than hepatitis, In contrast, the rate of positive reactions was 86 percent in the case of sera taken from patients in the acute phase of an illness diagnosed as hepatitis A on the basis of epidemiological and clinical data. Investigation of serum samples taken serially from patients positive in the acute phase of illness revealed that the immune-Indian-ink agglutinating factor does not persist for long in majority of cases. Two months after discharge from the hospital it was present in 18 percent of the patients only. The reaction proved negative when a limited number of cases diagnosed as hepatitis B were investigated. The immune-Indian-ink agglutinating factor was inhibited by all but one of 36 sera taken in the convalescent phase from patients with a diagnosis of hepatitis A. Some sera displaying agglutination with immune-Indian-ink gave a reaction with uncoated Indian-ink, too. Efforts to free the sera from non-specific agglutinating factor by starch-block electrophoresis have led to partial success. Fractionation on Sephadex G-200 columns suggested that in molecular weight (or particle size) the immune-Indian-ink agglutinating factor is smaller than HBsAg and larger than the non-specific agglutinating factor. On the basis of these results it is assumed that the immune-tindian-ink reaction is suitable for detecting an antigen tentatively called IH chi Ag and its antibody (IH chi Ab) specific to hepatitis A.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1979

Histologic comparison of mammary carcinomas among a population of Southwestern American Indian, Spanish American, and Anglo women.

Primary carcinomas of the breast were studied in age-matched populations of Southwestern American Indian, Spanish American, and Anglo women from an area served by the New Mexico Tumor Registry. Histologic tumor type, nuclear grade, and stromal inflammatory response were compared among these three groups. Indian women presented with less favorable tumor stage at diagnosis. Histologic tumor types were similar with the the exception that lobular carcinoma was less frequent among Indian and Spanish American than among Anglo women. Carcinomas from Indian patients showed less differentiated nuclei than those from the other groups.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Ethanol metabolism in male American Indians and whites.

Ethanol metabolism rates were investigated in a group of 17 male American Indians and a group of 17 male whites of similar age, education, weight, and drinking history. A moderate dose of alcohol (0.52 g/kg) was administered orally to each subject, and blood alcohol levels were determined by breath analysis. The American Indian group demonstrated a significantly faster rate of alcohol metabolism than the white group. The peak blood alcohol level was significantly higher for the American Indians than for the whites, and the American Indian group demonstrated a significantly faster absorption rate than the white group.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Diabetes among the three affiliated tribes: correlation with degree of Indian inheritance.

The health records of all members of the Three Affiliated Indian Tribes of Fort Berthold, North Dakota were reviewed in order to define the extent of diabetes in this population. Full-inheritance Indians age 35 years and older have a known prevalence rate of diabetes of 22.3 per cent; persons between half- and full-inheritance Indian have a rate of 14.9 per cent; persons less than one-half Indian inheritance have a rate of 4.1 per cent, the same as whites living on this reservation. Below age 35, diabetes is rare among all racial subgroups.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2025

Knockdown-resistance (kdr) mutations in Indian Aedes aegypti populations: Lack of recombination among haplotypes bearing V1016G, F1534C, and F1534L kdr alleles.

BACKGROUND: Knockdown resistance (kdr) mutations in the voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC) gene are a key mechanism of insecticide resistance in mosquitoes. In Asian Aedes aegypti populations two main VGSC haplogroups with kdr mutations have been identified: one carrying the F1534C mutation and another with V1016G and/or S989P mutations. Previous functional studies have demonstrated that these three mutations on a single haplotype confer up to a 1100-fold increase in pyrethroid resistance, underscoring the importance of monitoring these triple mutations in distinct populations. This study investigates the prevalence of kdr mutations in Indian populations and explores the linkage association between these mutations and two distinct conserved types of introns located between exons 20 and 21. METHODS: Ae. aegypti specimens collected from eight different locations were genotyped for kdr alleles and intron (between exons 20 and 21) haplotypes using PCR-based assays. Representative samples underwent DNA sequencing of VGSC regions. RESULTS: Five kdr mutations namely S989P, V1016G, T1520I, F1534C, and F1534L were identified, each exhibiting varying distribution and frequencies across different geographical regions. Two distinct and stably-diverged intron haplotypes, designated as intron-A and intron-B, were identified between exons 20 and 21. Seven haplotypes, including two wild-type variants, were observed among Indian populations. The kdr-bearing haplotypes can be classified into three distinct haplogroups: haplogroup G (V1016G with/or without S989P and with intron-A), haplogroup L (F1534L and intron-A), and haplogroup C (F1534C with/or without T1520I and with intron-B). Importantly, no evidence of recombination within Indian populations was detected among these three haplogroups. CONCLUSIONS: Five kdr mutations were identified in the VGSC of Indian Ae. aegypti populations, each showing a definitive linkage with one of the two types of intron haplotypes. The lack of recombination among haplogroups bearing 1016G with 989P, 1534C and 1534L mutations suggests that the most potent insecticide resistance haplotype, bearing the triple kdr mutation, is currently absent. This finding has significant operational implications, as it may indicate that current vector control measures remain effective against these populations, potentially delaying the emergence of highly resistant phenotypes.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Duodenal ulceration in Indians and Blacks in Durban.

Duodenal ulceration among Black and Indian patients admitted to King Edward VIII Hospital, Durban, over a 26-year period (1950-1976) was studied. Analysis was made over a series of time intervals within this period, and expressed as the number of admissions for duodenal ulcer per 1,000 total admissions (excluding obstetric and gynaecological patients). Admissions for duodenal ulceration increased 2,4-fold among the Indians and 11,9-fold among the Blacks from 1950 to 1976. The disease appears to have become commoner among women in both race groups. The peak age for Indian men is the 3rd decade, but for Indian women the peak age incidence has changed from the 4th to the 6th decade. There is now a peak in the 3rd decade for Black men, compared with the 4th decade, as reported 20 years ago. The pattern is similar in Black women. The clinical presentation is similar in the two groups, although it is significant that haemorrhage occurs more frequently among the Black patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Patterns of ear disease in the southwestern American Indian.

Native Americans are predisposed to one of the highest incidences of otitis media in mankind. The origin of otitis media in Indians remains multifaceted. However, an unusually high prevalence of congenital anomalies of the ear and oral cavity, ie, oral clefts, facial paralysis in diabetics, and the absence of otosclerosis, suggest racial inheritance as a predominant factor for their pattern or ear disease. An analysis of outpatient and operative records at the Phoenix (Ariz) Indian Medical Center substantiates this hypothesis and shows contrasts in ear disease between American Indians and white persons.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2026

Association of ERBB4 and SHBG gene polymorphisms with polycystic ovarian syndrome in South Indian women: a case-control genetic analysis.

INTRODUCTION: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a multifactorial endocrinological disorder with a substantial genetic component. However, the role of genes involved in follicular development and androgen regulation remains incompletely understood, particularly in South Indian populations. This study aimed to evaluate how variations in the ERBB4 and SHBG genes affect PCOS risk. METHODOLOGY: A hospital-based case-control study was conducted among 400 South Indian women, comprising 200 women with PCOS and 200 age-matched healthy controls. Genomic DNA was extracted to study SNPs at ERBB4 (rs2178575 and rs1351592) and SHBG (rs1799941 and rs727428) using ARMS-PCR genotyping. The study compared genotype and allele frequencies between cases and controls while assessing their associations with allelic, homozygous, heterozygous, dominant, recessive, and over-dominant genetic models. Genotyping accuracy was confirmed by re-genotyping and Sanger sequencing of a subset of samples. RESULTS: The ERBB4 rs2178575 polymorphism demonstrated a significant association with PCOS, as the AA genotype and A allele combination increased risk across all three genetic models, including homozygous, recessive, and allelic models. The ERBB4 rs1351592 variant was associated with 3-fold higher risk of PCOS in heterozygous and GC carriers. The SHBG rs1799941 polymorphism showed a significant link to PCOS through its effects on heterozygous and allelic states, whereas rs727428 displayed no significant connection due to its monomorphic distribution. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that polymorphisms in ERBB4 and SHBG may contribute to PCOS susceptibility in South Indian women in a locus- and model-specific manner, revealing the intricate genetic structure that defines this medical condition.

Humans↗
PubMed1979

C-Peptide and insulin secretion in Pima Indians and Caucasians: constant fractional hepatic extraction over a wide range of insulin concentrations and in obesity.

Peripheral serum insulin and C-peptide concentrations during oral glucose tolerance tests were measured in 10 nondiabetic Pima Indians and 10 nondiabetic Caucasians with varying degrees of obesity. Although both insulin and C-peptide levels were elevated in the Indians compared to the Caucasians (p less than 0.05), hepatic insulin extraction, measured by comparing the C-peptide to insulin ratios, was similar over a wide range of insulin concentrations in both groups. The ratios of C-peptide to insulin were independent of the degree of obesity. These studies indicate that the peripheral hyperinsulinemia in Pima Indians and obese subjects is due in general to pancreatic hypersecretion rather than to diminished hepatic extraction of insulin.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Cancer mortality among Chinese, Japanese, and Indians in British Columbia, 1964-73.

We compared age-adjusted mortality rates for cancer of selected sites for Chinese, Japanese, and native Indian residents of British Columbia during the years 1964-73 to the corresponding rates for the white population. Mortality from all cancers of the Chinese did not differ significantly from that of whites. Elevated rates are seen for cancer of the nasopharynx in both sexes, of the liver and esophagus in males, and of the lung in females. Chinese males had a lower mortality than whites from stomach, prostate, and bladder cancer and brain tumors, whereas females had a lower mortality from tumors of the colon, breast, and ovary; both sexes had a lower mortality from leukemia. For Japanese males and females, the mortality rates for all cancers combined were similar to those of the white population. The rates for cancer of the stomach and gallbladder were higher in both sexes; males also showed a higher rate of liver cancer. Prostate and breast cancer mortality rates were lower. Native Indian males had a lower mortality rate from all cancers combined; the difference was significant for stomach, colon, lung, and prostate cancers, and for leukemia. Native Indian females showed a lower rate for ovarian cancer and a higher rate of tumors of the gallbladder and uterine cervix, but their overall cancer mortality was similar to that of whites.

British Columbia↗
PubMed1979

Distribution of glyoxalase I (GLO) variants in Western Europe and the Indian subcontinent.

English, Italian (including Sardinian), and Spanish populations from Europe and Muslim, Hindu, Sikh, Punjabi, and other populations from the Indian subcontinent currently living either in Birmingham or in India were screened for electrophoretically detectable genetic variants of red cell glyoxalase I (GLO), and their frequencies were reported. All the western European populations investigated, including those reported, exhibited an incidence of close to 44% for the GLO1 gene. The frequency distribution of the GLO1 gene in various populations from the Indian subcontinent, in contrast, was found to range between 0.15 and 0.33. These observations suggest that the European populations in general are genetically more homogeneous than are the populations of the Indian subcontinent.

Erythrocytes↗
PubMed1979

Human alcohol dehydrogenase ADH2 and ADH3 polymorphisms in ethnic Chinese and Indians of West Malaysia.

Human alcohol dehydrogenase ADH2 and ADH3 were investigated in liver and stomach specimens of Chinese and Indians from West Malaysia. Eight-nine percent of the Chinese carry the atypical ADH2 type, a proportion very similar to that reported in Japanese. However, among 43 Indian specimens there was not a single case of atypical ADH2. In Indians, the gene frequency of ADH13 is 0.64 and of ADH23 0.36, similar to the frequencies in Caucasians, whereas in Chinese, the gene frequency for ADH13 and ADH23 is 0.91 and 0.09, respectively. We also report some unusual enzymatic characteristics in the course of our study.

Adolescent↗