PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Industrial pollution”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2003

[Ecological industry chain designing of making paper industry: turning pollution industry into ecological industry].

This paper gave a definition of ecological industry chain of renewal resources, and according to this definition designed the ecological industry chain of paper making industry of China; presented a basic principle of designing and ecological industry chain of renewal resources and five necessary conditions to establish an ecological industry chain of renewal resources, i.e. imitating the ecological closed-circuit system, increasing stock of renewal resources, getting benefits from resource productivity, developing long-run social demand and engaging in systematic innovation. It was found that the ecological industry chain of paper making industry was a representative example of ecological industry chain of renewal resources. The ecological industry chain of paper making industry solved three difficult constrain problems and offered an effective way to change the paper making industry of China from pollution industry into ecological industry.

Conservation of Natural Resources↗
PubMed1991

[Biochemical indicators of carbohydrate and energy metabolism in the Chorzów population after long-term exposure to industrial pollutants].

In three groups of Chorzów inhabitants, living in the most polluted industrial environment, elevated blood lactate and glucose levels, as well as diminished blood ATP level pointed to disturbances in carbohydrate and energy metabolism. In spite of the exposition of people studied to many toxic substances from polluted environment (fluorides, lead and others), a decrease in ATP level was less expressed than in earlier investigated inhabitants of Skawina, exposed to fluorides from the Aluminium Plant, which was probably connected with greater supply of magnesium salts from food and water.

Abattoirs↗
PubMed2005

Bio-effect monitoring using a [(15)N]methacetin test as diagnostic tool to monitor remediation effects in an industrially polluted region.

The classical way to demonstrate the efficiency of remediation is measuring the reduction of toxic compounds in the environment. Nevertheless, more important is the risk reduction in human health. To determine changing health effects, exposure and bio-effects have to be monitored at time of and during remediation. Kindergarten children from a heavily polluted industrial (n=23) and a control area (n=12) were investigated. The region-specific outdoor and indoor exposure [27 volatile organic compounds (VOC), emphasis on tri- and tetrachloroethylene (TRI, TETRA)], the internal load [(trichloroacetic acid-TCA-as urine metabolites of TRI and TETRA and S-phenyl- and S-benzylmercapturic acid (SPMA and SBMA) as metabolites of benzene and toluene], and biological effect assessment ([(15)N]methacetin test-a non-invasive stable isotope test to determine the unspecific liver detoxification capacity of an individual) were measured twice a year during 2 years of remediation (1997/1998). It could be shown that in- and outdoor levels of TRI and TETRA decreased by 47% in the heavily polluted village, Greppin, while the levels remained much the same in the control village, Roitzsch. This trend was reflected in the decreasing elimination of TCA in the urine (41%) by the Greppin children, with no differences in the TCA elimination in Roitzsch probands. As the remediation efforts decreased the burden of exposure, the children's liver detoxification capacity improved as well. Combining different methods, such as exposure-effect (external and internal loads) and bio-effect monitoring, proved to be useful to assess remediation successes including the improvement in human health.

Acetamides↗
PubMed2001

[Environmental health and industrial pollution in the 1890s].

BACKGROUND: Pollution from industry assumed new dimensions when large-scale industry and mining were established in Norway towards the end of the nineteenth century. The present article discusses how the local health administration responded to the first extensive industrial pollution of air and water. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Two chemical factories producing wood pulp and one abandoned nickel mine are studied by means of information from court records and municipal archives. RESULTS: New forms of large quantity pollutants and their great spreading capacity were not anticipated in the Health Act of 1860. The legislation at the time had ambiguous points which made it difficult to apply in cases of industrial pollution. One major problem was reliable documentation of adverse health effects. INTERPRETATION: Neither central nor local medical authorities had adequate competence to exert the professional influence required. In spite of this, local health commissions acted with considerable authority in the early 1890s. Within a few years, however, the health aspects were down-played because of the strong economic and political interests behind the new industries. The principal difficulties emerging in the 1890s with industrial pollution eventually lasted for nearly one hundred years.

Chemical Industry↗
PubMed1995

Industrial pollution and quality of life of workers in Bangladesh.

The present study was designed to investigate the effects of industrial pollution on the quality of life of workers in Bangladesh. A total of 110 workers comprising 60 from a polluted industry and 50 from a non-polluted industry were randomly selected for this study. The measuring instruments used were: The Inventory of Subjective Health (Dirken, 1967), The General Health Questionnaire (Goldberg, 1972), The Occupational Stress Index (Srivastava and Singh, 1981), The Life Descriptive Scale (Wright, 1988), and the Interview Schedule on Personal and Health Related Questionnaire (Khaleque, 1988). The results showed that the workers of the polluted industry suffered more from health problems and were less satisfied with their quality of life than those of the non-polluted industry. The results also revealed that the workers' health, well-being and quality of life were also affected by unhygienic home environment, malnutrition, transport problems, and lack of health care facilities. The result supported the view that the workplace pollution and the health and well-being of the workers were negatively related to each other.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2004

Noninvasive assessment of liver detoxification capacity of children, observed in children from heavily polluted industrial and clean control areas, together with assessments of air pollution and chloro-organic body burden.

The liver is an important target organ in exposure to foreign substances or their metabolites. Early changes in the metabolic capacity of the liver may be a first sign of the effect of an exposure and an indication of an early (pre)pathological process. For the noninvasive testing of this metabolic capacity, a special diagnostic tool has been developed and demonstrated under real exposure conditions. The main questions investigated were (1) whether the liver detoxification capacity of children is affected by long-term low exposure in a highly polluted area and (2) to what extent redevelopment in once heavily polluted industrial areas contributes to improvement in the health measured in the children from the changed detoxification capacity. Kindergarten children from a heavily polluted industrial area and a control area were observed over a prolonged period during redevelopment of the industrial area. The liver's detoxification capacity was assessed with a stable-isotope-based diagnostic test, the [(15)N]methacetin test. In addition, the region-specific external exposure (indicator components were chlorinated compounds) and internal load were measured. The difference in the children's internal load between the exposed and control groups reflected the differences in exposure (exposed children had an internal load 2.3 times greater than that of the control children). The exposed children showed a 6% lower liver detoxification capacity. A reduction in pollution by about 70% as a result of remediation was reflected in improved liver detoxification capacity, and the difference between the polluted and control areas was no longer significant. Prolonged exposure to low concentrations of xenobiotics can disturb hepatic functioning. The proposed test can be used as a tool to determine the effects of multicomponent exposure and is well suited for bioeffect monitoring.

Acetamides↗
PubMed2006

Comparison of electrodialytic removal of Cu from spiked kaolinite, spiked soil and industrially polluted soil.

Electrokinetic remediation methods for removal of heavy metals from polluted soils have been subjected for quite intense research during the past years since these methods are well suitable for fine-grained soils where other remediation methods fail. Electrodialytic remediation is an electrokinetic remediation method which is based on applying an electric dc field and the use of ion exchange membranes that ensures the main transport of heavy metals to be out of the pollutes soil. An experimental investigation was made with electrodialytic removal of Cu from spiked kaolinite, spiked soil and industrially polluted soil under the same operational conditions (constant current density 0.2 mA/cm(2) and duration 28 days). The results of the present paper show that caution must be taken when generalising results obtained in spiked kaolinite to remediation of industrially polluted soils, as it was shown that the removal rate was higher in kaolinite than in both spiked soil and industrial polluted soil. The duration of spiking was found to be an important factor too, when attempting to relate remediation of spiked soil or kaolinite to remediation of industrially polluted soils. Spiking for 2 days was too short. However, spiking for 30 days resulted in a pattern that was more similar to that of industrially polluted soils with similar compositions both regarding sequential extraction and electrodialytic remediation result, though the remediation still progressed slightly faster in the spiked soil. Generalisation of remediation results to a variety of soil types must on the other hand be done with caution since the remediation results of different industrially polluted soils were very different. In one soil a total of 76% Cu was removed and in another soil no Cu was removed only redistributed within the soil. The factor with the highest influence on removal success was soil pH, which must be low in order to mobilize Cu, and thus the buffering capacity against acidification was the key soil characteristics determining the Cu removal rate.

Adsorption↗
PubMed1989

Effect of industrial pollution on seafood content and dietary intake of total and methylmercury.

The total mercury and methylmercury content of seafood was studied in an area of the Adriatic Sea polluted with inorganic mercury from a local industrial plant. The industrial pollution has affected both the total and the methylmercury content of seafood, but only the difference in the total mercury level was statistically significant when compared with a control area with no local industry. Studies of seafood consumption patterns indicate that, when the subjects examined from both areas were matched by their seafood consumption, both total mercury and methylmercury intake was higher in the industrially polluted area. The percentage of subjects ingesting total mercury above the WHO Provisional Weekly Tolerance Intake (PWTI) of 300 micrograms was also higher in the industrially polluted area. However, the percentage of subjects whose methylmercury intake was above the PWTI of 200 micrograms was higher in the control area, primarily due to the increased number of subjects consuming fish more than 5 times a week.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

[Levels of copper and zinc in vegetables, fruit and cereal from areas differing in the degree of industrial pollution and from greenhouses].

The content of copper and zinc was determined in vegetables, fruit and cereals derived from areas exposed or non-exposed to industrial pollution and from greenhouses. The elements were determined after dry mineralization by atomic absorption spectrometry immediately from mineral solution. Copper and zinc were measured in 506 samples of vegetables, 101 fruit samples and 117 cereal samples. In the vegetables from areas not exposed to industrial pollution the copper content was from 0.10 to 6.69 mg/kg, and zinc content was from 1.10 to 27.90 mg/kg. In the vegetables from areas exposed to this pollution copper was found in amounts from 0.10 to 3.26 mg/kg and zinc from 0.88 to 27.90 mg/kg. In the vegetables from green-houses copper amounted to 0.14-1.20 mg/kg and zinc from 1.00 to 10.60 mg/kh. In fruit samples copper was found in amounts from 0.04 to 7.01 mg/kg and zinc from 0.60 to 17.30 mg/kg. In cereals copper ranged from 1.14 to 11.68 mg/kg and zinc from 7.20 to 72.07 mg/kg. Table I. Copper in vegetables, fruit and cereals from areas differing in the degree of industrial pollution and from greenhouses copper amounted to 0.14-1.20 mg/kg and zinc from 1.00 to 10.60 mg/kh. In fruit samples copper was found in amounts from 0.04 to 7.01 mg/kg and zinc from 0.60 to 17.30 mg/kg. In cereals copper ranged from 1.14 to 11.68 mg/kg and zinc from 7.20 to 72.07 mg/kg. Table I. Copper in vegetables, fruit and cereals from areas differing in the degree of industrial pollution and from greenhouses.

Copper↗
PubMed1999

Factors controlling bioindicators for industrial pollution detection.

This study describes the use of algae as potential bioindicators of pollution containing industrial metals. Phytoplanktonic algae varied with waste type and with environmental and growth conditions. In water samples containing ceramic waste Euglenophyta species and Cyclotella sp. (Bacillariophyta) were determined as potential indicator species of pollution, while in sample containing metallic waste, Cyclotella sp. was most dominant. Under laboratory growth conditions, phytoplankton collected from a major stream of the Nile River were cultivated by using Algal Growth Bottle Test (EPA, 1972). This revealed that Scenedesmus sp., Actinastrum hantzschii (Chlorophyta), Oscillatoria limnetica (Cyanophyta) and Nitzschia linearis (Bacillariophyta) were also potential indicators of pollution.

Environmental Monitoring↗
PubMed1993

[Level of cadmium and lead in vegetables, fruit, cereal and soil from areas differing in the degree of industrial pollution and from greenhouses].

The content of cadmium and lead was measured in vegetables, fruit, cereals and soil from areas exposed and non-exposed to industrial pollution and in vegetables and soil from greenhouses. The elements were measured after dry mineralization by atomic absorption spectrophotometry following extraction of complexes from APDS into the organic phase (MIBK). Lead and cadmium were determined in 482 samples of vegetables, 101 fruit samples, 132 cereal samples and 297 soil samples. In the vegetables from the areas not exposed to industrial pollution lead content was below the detectability range (< d.r.) to 576.1 micrograms/kg, and cadmium was from < d.r. to 73.5 micrograms/kg. In the vegetables from areas exposed to industrial pollution lead was from 9.3 to 1044.0 micrograms/kg and cadmium from < d.r. to 552.3 micrograms/kg and cadmium from 2.3 to 132.5 micrograms/kg. In the soil from greenhouses lead was found in amounts from 17.5 to 212.0 mg/kg of air dry mass (adm), and cadmium from 125 to 750 micrograms/kg of adm. In soil from vegetable gardens lead was from 3.3 to 15.3 mg/kg of adm., and cadmium from < d.r. to 385.0 mu/kg adm. In soil from orchards lead was from 2.8 to 141.3 mg/kg adm, and cadmium from < d.r. to 810.0 micrograms/kg adm. In the soil from fields of cereals lead was from 3.0 to 67.5 mg/kg amd, and cadmium from < d.r. to 295.0 micrograms/kg adm. In fruit lead was present in amounts from 12.8 to 144.0 micrograms/kg and cadmium from < d.r. to 42.0 micrograms/kg. In cereals lead was found in amounts from < d.r. to 760.0 micrograms/kg and cadmium from < d.r. to 200 micrograms/kg.

Agriculture↗
PubMed2006

Budburst phenology of white birch in industrially polluted areas.

Effects of environmental contamination on plant seasonal development have only rarely been properly documented. Monitoring of leaf growth in mountain birch, Betula pubescens subsp. czerepanovii, around a nickel-copper smelter at Monchegorsk hinted advanced budburst phenology in most polluted sites. However, under laboratory conditions budburst of birch twigs cut in late winter from trees naturally growing around three point polluters (nickel-copper smelter at Monchegorsk, aluminium factory at Kandalaksha, and iron pellet plant at Kostomuksha) showed no relationship with distance from the emission source. In a greenhouse experiment, budburst phenology of mountain birch seedlings grown in unpolluted soil did not depend on seedling origin (from heavily polluted vs. clean sites), whereas seedlings in metal-contaminated soil demonstrated delayed budburst. These results allow to attribute advanced budburst phenology of white birch in severely polluted sites to modified microclimate, rather than to pollution impact on plant physiology or genetics.

Aluminum↗
PubMed2001

[Analysis of causes of death and YPLL on residents in the industrial pollution area in Chongqing from 1991 to 1998].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the causes of death in residents living in the area of industrial pollution in Chongqing. METHODS: Mortality rate, sequence of causes of death, years of potential life lost (YPLL) and the valued years of potential life lost (VYPLL) were used to analyze causes of death in 1991 - 1998. Community not polluted by industry was chosen to serve as control. RESULTS: The annual average mortality rate of the residents was 7.34 per thousand (standard mortality rate 4.61 per thousand). The sequence of major causes of death was shown as below: malignant tumors (mortality rate 198.07/10(5), standard mortality rate 126.35/10(5)), cerebrovascular diseases (mortality rate 159.13/10(5), standard mortality rate 92.66/10(5)), respiratory system diseases (mortality rate 107.33/10(5), standard mortality rate 84.85/10(5)), cardiac diseases (mortality rate 95.36/10(5), standard mortality rate 59.37/10(5)) and accidental deaths (mortality rate 47.08/10(5), standard mortality rate 43.28/10(5)). Among malignant tumors, lung cancer took the lead with a mortality rate of 65.49/10(5) (standard mortality rate 45.27/10(5)). In both sequences of standard rates of YPLL and VYPLL for major causes of deaths, accidental death was always took the first place. CONCLUSION: In order to reduce mortality rate of the residents in the area, it is necessary to strengthen the administration of natural and social environment of the area.

Accidents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Atopic diseases among adults in Sør-Varanger community, northern Norway. An epidemiological study in an arctic area influenced by Russian industrial pollution.

BACKGROUND: Atopic diseases are common in western industrialized countries and their prevalence appears to be increasing. The prevalence seems to be higher in the cold, northerly regions of Europe. AIM: The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of atopic diseases among adults in Sør-Varanger community, northern Norway, an arctic area at 70 degrees latitude north influenced by industrial pollution from smelting plants on the Kola peninsula. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The parents of all 575 schoolchildren aged 7-12 years in Sør-Varanger community (northern Norway) received a four page questionnaire concerning home environment and symptoms of allergy. A total of 1102 adults filled in and returned the questionnaire. RESULTS: 25.2% of the adults reported past and/or present symptoms (prevalence) of atopic diseases, whereas 38.7% of the children reported atopic symptoms. The prevalence of eczema occurred in 15.9%, followed by allergic rhinoconjunctivitis (10.3%) and asthma (5.6%), however, a significant difference between sexes was only found for eczema (p < 0.0005). Women smoked more frequently (45.6%) than men (39.0%). Keeping of furred pets occurred in 54.3% and dampness in 3.6% of the homes. CONCLUSION: This study indicates that the frequency of atopic diseases among adults is only two thirds of that reported in schoolchildren. Thus, the increased prevalence of atopic diseases over one generation could point towards factors associated with western lifestyle and living conditions (allergens and adjuvant factors).

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Pathogenesis of skin and liver neoplasms in white suckers from industrially polluted areas in Lake Ontario.

Increased prevalences of epidermal and hepatobiliary neoplasms in white suckers (Catostomu commersoni) and brown bullheads (Ictalurus nebulosus) in the Western region of Lake Ontario have been associated with industrial pollution, but the identity and causative role of environmental carcinogens have not yet been established. Most epidermal tumors of lip and body skin are benign focal proliferations that occur in fish from the polluted Hamilton region, and also in fish from less polluted sites in the Great Lakes. These skin tumors in white suckers do not have consistent alterations in cellular glutathione S-transferases (GST), suggesting that growth of skin tumors is not promoted by chemicals normally detoxified by GST. However, elevated levels of glutathione peroxidase (GPO) and glutathione reductase (GR) in skin papillomas are indicative of promotional peroxidative tissue injury, either caused directly by xenobiotics or indirectly by chemical-induced inflammation. Liver tumors in white suckers from Lake Ontario include preneoplastic, benign, and malignant populations of hepatocellular and biliary cells, all of which are more prevalent in fish from polluted sites. These liver tumors are consistently associated with chronic cholangiohepatitis and segmental cholangiofibrosis, but these conditions also occur in white suckers in non-industrial locations. Thus, the natural occurrence of biliary disease, not attributable to industrial pollution, may have some influence on the development of liver tumors. Some preneoplastic lesions and the majority of neoplastic hepatocellular and biliary lesions in white suckers have low levels of total GST, indicating that these liver neoplasms are not promoted by xenobiotics normally detoxified by hepatic GSTs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗