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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1978

In vitro effects of inosine-pyruvate-phosphate on P50 values and DPG contents of fresh and stored blood from healthy neonates, symptom-free premature infants and premature infants with respiratory distress syndrome.

A study was made of the effect of a 3-hour incubation with inosine-pyruvate-phosphate (IPP) on the P50 values and 2,3-DPG contents of fresh blood and blood which had stood for 96 h, from healthy adults, term neonates, 1-2-week-old symptom-free premature infants and RDS premature infants. It was found that the P50 value and the 2,3-DPG content could be increased considerably by IPP treatment in both the fresh and the stood blood in the various groups of neonates. The question remains open as to whether the effect of IPP, in significantly improving the O2 transport in neonates, is a consequence of the 2,3-DPG alone or of some other metabolite. In RDS the stimulating effect of the IPP mixture is appreciably lower.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

The role of the lumbar puncture in the admission sepsis evaluation of the premature infant.

Premature infants with respiratory distress commonly receive evaluation for sepsis, including a lumbar puncture, within a short time after admission to a neonatal intensive care unit. We questioned the use of the lumbar puncture during the early sepsis evaluation, and since 1979, have omitted this procedure as part of the initial evaluation for sepsis (within 6 hours of birth) of premature infants. We monitored this policy to detect any change in the incidence of meningitis, and now report results accumulated over a 7-year period. From 1979 to 1986, 1390 inborn premature infants of 34 weeks' gestation or less were evaluated for early sepsis within 6 hours of birth. Thirty-two infants (2.3%) were diagnosed with sepsis. Fifteen of these infants died in the first 24 hours of life. Meningitis was not demonstrated by autopsy evaluation. The surviving 17 infants diagnosed with sepsis did not have meningitis. One hundred twenty-three infants whose initial blood cultures were negative developed infection later in their hospital course. Eleven of these 123 infants had infections with perinatally acquired organisms; two had group B streptococcus (GBS) meningitis. Their cases were not compatible with missed meningitis. The remaining 112 infants developed nosocomial infections of which 38.3% developed meningitis without associated bacteremia. These results suggest that the omission of the lumbar puncture in the early sepsis evaluation of the premature infant did not result in any missed meningitis and spared many infants the procedure shortly after birth. The lumbar puncture, however, continues to be vital in the assessment of late infections of the neonate.

Bacteria↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Strabismus and pseudostrabismus in premature infants].

Prematurity is a factor that predisposes to strabismus. Three hundred of the 1785 children with strabismus in out patient care during the latter five years were preterm babies, showing that prematurity intervenes in 16.7% of cases in the onset of strabismus. The onset age of strabismus deviation was also earlier before the age of two in 30% of cases. Visual acuity, refraction, strabismus deviation and fixation in terms of the degree of prematurity are analyzed. Neuropsychological examination revealed neurologic disturbances in 28.2% of these children, of which 5% encephalopathy. The neurologic disturbances, frequently of polycentric origin also represent an obstacle in reestablishing binocular vision. Seven premature infants presented pseudostrabismus with abnormal kappa angle and small deviation angle due to macula ectopia.

Child↗
PubMed1987

A seat for premature infants.

Premature infants may benefit from short periods of supported sitting for position change, to facilitate the development of head control, to help with feeding and respiration, and to decrease intracranial pressure. This paper describes a seat designed for premature infants weighing 900 g to 2,000 g and made from thermoplastic material. The seats have been used with 30 infants with varying medical conditions.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Surfactant replacement therapy. Innovative care for the premature infant.

Prematurity is one of the most perplexing problems in perinatal care. Since the discovery of a surfactant deficiency as the primary etiology of hyaline membrane disease, attempts have been made to supplement surfactant in the premature infant. Surfactant replacement therapy is a promising new treatment for the premature infant with hyaline membrane disease. The history of surfactant replacement therapy, current trials of this therapy, nursing care of the infant receiving surfactant replacement, and future directions for nursing research in this area are discussed. Infants receiving this therapy require special nursing care to assure the best possible outcome. Nursing interventions at the time of delivery as well as those required in the neonatal intensive care unit are discussed.

Humans↗
PubMed1986

Ultrasound in the diagnosis of systemic candidiasis (renal and cranial) in very low birth weight premature infants.

Premature infants, (in whom prolonged hyperalimentation long term indwelling catheters are used), serve as the ideal hosts for overwhelming Candida sepsis. Two cases of disseminated Candidiasis were studied. Case 1 had sonographically enlarged and highly echogenic kidneys. Case 2 had diffusely enlarged echogenic kidneys with actual fungus balls in the collecting system. This infant also developed hydrocephalus with debris in the ventricular system and abnormal brain parenchymal echogenicity.

Brain Diseases↗
PubMed1986

Self-regulation of stimulation by premature infants.

Premature babies are capable of seeking contact with a source of rhythmic stimulation that reflects their own breathing rhythm. Optional stimulation, in the form of a "breathing" stuffed bear, was made available to premature infants, 32 to 35 weeks' gestational age. The bear's breathing rate was matched to that of each individual infant during quiet sleep. Other infants were exposed to a bear that did not breathe, and some infants were not exposed to a bear. All infants were monitored continuously using time-lapse video. After 2 to 3 weeks' exposure, those infants with a breathing bear showed significantly more contact with their head, body, or limbs than either of the control groups (for the no-bear group, contact with the area that would have been occupied by the bear was determined to describe the contact that might have been expected by chance). In addition, the infants given the opportunity to self-regulate their stimulation showed greater amounts of quiet sleep than the other two groups.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A walking blood donor program for seriously ill premature infants.

Premature infants with hyaline membrane disease and related disorders are frequently hypovolemic. Furthermore, they frequently require repeated phlebotomies for laboratory evaluation of electrolytes, pH, oxygen tension, and other parameters. Adequate care of such infants is aided by small transfusions of heparinized blood. The walking donor program at the Sacramento Medical Center premature nursery furnishes these transfusions without exposing the infants to the hazards of receiving blood from many different donors. The program is described in detail, and the shortcomings of some of the alternative programs are pointed out.

Blood Donors↗
PubMed1976

Hydrocephalus secondary to intracranial hemorrhage in premature infants.

Premature (low birth weight) infants are particularly susceptible to intracranial hemorrhage. This frequently arises from the subependymal area and may dissect into the brain or into the ventricles. If the infant survives, hydrocephalus is a frequent sequela. Because of major improvements in the care of premature infants in recent years and the proliferation of intensive care nurseries, increasing numbers of low birth weight infants are surviving and developing hydrocephalus. Seven cases are described of infants who developed hydrocephalus following intracranial bleeding. Initially, ventricular and lumbar punctures were done to attempt to control head growth but this was unsuccessful. Two were treated with temporary external ventriculostomy which did not permanently control the hydrocephalus. Definitive treatment included ventriculo-atrial shunts using an expandable 'telescopic' cardiac catheter in two and ventriculoperitoneal shunts in five. The pathogenesis and management of the condition are discussed.

Cerebral Hemorrhage↗
PubMed1989

Nutrient balance studies in premature infants fed premature formula or fortified preterm human milk.

This report compares fat, nitrogen, calcium, phosphorus, zinc, and copper absorption and retention data from 13 nutritional balance studies performed in 12 appropriate-for-gestational-age premature infants with birth weights less than or equal to 1,600 g fed a proprietary premature formula or their own mother's preterm human milk (PTHM) fortified with a powdered protein-mineral supplement. At the time of each balance study, each infant had a stable condition, was tolerating feedings, and was gaining weight steadily. Stool and urine were collected separately; doses of carmine red given 72 h apart were used to define dietary intake and the stool and urine collections. The balance studies were performed at an average age of 36 postnatal days. Both diets were found to support weight gain and nutrient retention at similar rates. Balance studies (n = 7) with premature formula demonstrated a weight gain of 16.8 +/- 5.2 g/kg/day, with a net fat absorption of 6.36 +/- 0.97 g/kg/day, net nitrogen retention of 427.9 +/- 47.1 mg/kg/day, net calcium retention of 95.0 +/- 14.1 mg/kg/day, net phosphorus retention of 56.7 +/- 5.9 mg/kg/day, net zinc retention of 208 +/- 903 micrograms/kg/day, and net copper retention of 26.4 +/- 30.8 micrograms/kg/day (mean +/- SD). Comparison balance studies (n = 6) with fortified PTHM demonstrated a weight gain of 17.2 +/- 7.1 g/kg/day, net fat absorption of 5.60 +/- 1.55 g/kg/day, net nitrogen retention of 366.0 +/- 84.0 mg/kg/day, net calcium retention of 82.2 +/- 10.8 mg/kg/day, net phosphorus retention of 58.6 +/- 5.9 mg/kg/day, net zinc retention of 685 +/- 363 micrograms/kg/day, and net copper retention of 67.3 +/- 37.2 micrograms/kg/day. These rates of weight gain and of fat, nitrogen, zinc, and copper retention approximate those of the third trimester of intrauterine life; only calcium and phosphorus retention approached the lower range of estimated in utero accretion.

Enteral Nutrition↗
PubMed1989

[The prognosis of the very small premature infant. Catamnestic studies of premature infants with a birth weight up to 1,000 grams].

29 of 50 premature infants with a birth weight up to 1,000 g survived and were examined between 2-9 years of age. 13 children showed no or only minimal abnormalities. 11 children were felt to require treatment but to have a good prognostic outcome. 3 children had multiple disabilities. From the total of 16 children requiring treatment only 5 were under treatment before our evaluation. The quality of life is good for 24 of the 29 survivors.

Birth Weight↗