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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1997

Fluoride concentrations of infant foods.

Infants who ingest high amounts of fluoride can be at risk of dental fluorosis. The authors analyzed the fluoride concentration of 238 commercially available infant foods. Fluoride concentrations ranged from 0.01 to 8.38 micrograms of fluoride per gram, with the highest fluoride concentrations found in infant foods containing chicken. Infant foods, especially those containing chicken, should be considered when determining total fluoride intake.

Edible Grain↗
PubMed1982

The influence of infant food advertising on infant feeding practices in St. Vincent.

A survey designed to examine the extent to which infant food advertising could be shown measurably to influence infant feeding practices was carried out in St. Vincent in the eastern Caribbean. A questionnaire was administered to mothers of about 200 children one to two years old, nearly a complete sample in each of two towns. Infant food advertising was found to be uncommon. The typical infant feeding pattern, largely a combination of both breast feeding and bottle feeding, had existed for decades. Despite the fact that this was not a very appropriate setting for such a study and that there were a number of methodological constraints, the results of two multiple regression analyses suggested that the more a mother was influenced by infant food advertising, the sooner she began to bottle feed and the sooner she stopped breastfeeding. The cessation of all promotion of commercial infant foods, to the public as well as to health professionals, is called for.

Advertising↗
PubMed1982

Infant food problems and analytical aspects of providing safe and wholesome infant foods.

The technology of milk and infant food production, storage, and handling has advanced to the point that infant foods have had an excellent record of being free of recognized health hazards. The Infant Formula Council has published methods specifically for these foods. Methods are included from Standard Methods for the Examination of Dairy Products, Official Methods of Analysis, Bacteriological Analytical Manual, the Manual of Clinical Microbiology, and the U.S. Pharmacopeia. Criteria for microbiological quality have been issued by the Codex Alimentarius Commission, the International Commission for Microbiological Specifications for Foods, and the Public Health Service. Surveys in the United States and Canada have shown that sanitary standards are met with ease.

Consumer Product Safety↗
PubMed1998

Measured consumption of commercial infant food products in German infants: results from the DONALD study. Dortmund Nutritional and Anthropometrical Longitudinally Designed.

BACKGROUND: Commercial food products intended for infants form an important part of the diet. Such products are defined as special dietetic food by food legislation. However, quantitative consumption data in the context of the current European Community (EC) food regulations have not been available up to now. METHODS: Six hundred eighty 3-day weighed diet records from 3-, 6-, 9-, and 12-month-old infants involved in the DONALD (Dortmund Nutritional and Anthropometrical Longitudinally Designed) Study were evaluated regarding overall and individual consumption of commercial infant food (CIF). Here, CIF was allocated to the food categories of the current EC directives. RESULTS: Four hundred eighteen varieties of infant food were recorded. The total CIF (formulae; beikost [any food or drink other than breast milk or infant and follow-on formulae]) reached percentages of the total food intake (including breast milk) of 51% (47%; 4%), 62% (33%; 29%), 53% (20%; 32%), and 37% (13%; 24%) at the ages of 3, 6, 9 and 12 months, respectively. Approximately 55% (95%) of the 3-month-old infants (range, 6-12 months) consumed some sort of CIF, but the highest amounts were observed at 6 months and the highest numbers of consumers at 9 months. Depending on the definition of "high consumers" of CIF, the individual consumption quantities (in grams per kilogram per day) differed by a maximum of 60% but high consumers were always found in the 6-month-old group. CONCLUSION: The high proportions of CIF in the diet during a critical developmental period call for a guaranteed high nutritional and safety quality of CIF and for realistic data on consumption patterns.

Breast Feeding↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Lead and cadmium levels in commercial infant foods and dietary intake by infants 0-1 year old.

Lead and cadmium levels were determined in 131 infant foods. Mean lead and cadmium levels were 19.3 and 3.3 ng/g for meats, 8.4 and 4.1 ng/g for vegetables, 14.9 and 0.58 ng/g for fruits and desserts, 9.6 and 0.53 ng/g for juices and drinks, and 32.8 and 33.6 ng/g for dry infant cereals. These data, combined with those from other recent surveys, yielded average dietary (food and water) intakes of lead and cadmium by infants 0-1 year old of 2.4 and 0.37 microgram/kg/day, respectively. Lead intakes were most strongly influenced by storage of infant formulas in lead-soldered cans. For infants 0-1 month old, they ranged from 0.5 microgram/kg/day when human or cow milk was fed to infants to 5.3 micrograms/kg/day (exceeding the FAO/WHO provisional tolerable daily intake, PTWI, of lead by children of 3.5 micrograms/kg) when ready-to-use formula stored in lead-soldered cans was fed. Cadmium intakes were most strongly affected by soya based formulas, and ranged, for 0-1 months olds, from 0.16 microgram/kg/day for infants fed human or cow milk to 0.50 microgram/kg/day for infants fed soya-based concentrated liquid formula. Cadmium intakes were all below the FAO/WHO PTDI of cadmium by adults of 0.96-1.2 micrograms/kg.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

U.S. Food and Drug Administration monitoring of pesticide residues in infant foods and adult foods eaten by infants/children.

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration uses 3 approaches to monitor pesticide residues in foods: regulatory monitoring, incidence/level monitoring, and the Total Diet Study. The results of monitoring infant foods and adult foods that may be eaten by infants/children under these 3 approaches are presented. Under regulatory monitoring, which is performed to enforce tolerances set by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), during fiscal years 1985-1991, over 10,000 such domestic and imported food samples were collected and analyzed, and under the Total Diet Study, in which pesticide residue intakes are estimated in foods prepared for consumption, the food items in 27 market baskets were analyzed. Under incidence/level monitoring, which is complementary to regulatory monitoring, over 4000 analyses were performed on infant foods and adult foods eaten by children. Fewer than 50 of the 10,000 regulatory samples had violative residues; nearly all of those were residues for which there was no tolerance for the particular commodity/pesticide combination. Under incidence/level monitoring and the Total Diet Study, the levels of pesticide residues found in infant foods and adult foods eaten by children were well below tolerances set by EPA.

Child↗
PubMed2002

Development, validation, and application of an acetylcholinesterase-biosensor test for the direct detection of insecticide residues in infant food.

A highly sensitive and rapid food-screening test based on disposable screen-printed biosensors was developed, which is suitable for monitoring infant food. The exposure of infants and children to neurotoxic organophosphates and carbamates is of particular concern because of their higher susceptibility to adverse effects. The European Union has, therefore, set a very low limit for pesticides in infant food, which must not contain concentrations exceeding 10 microg/kg for any given pesticide. The maximum residue limit (MRL) has been set to be near the determination threshold that is typically achieved for pesticides with traditional analytical methods. The biosensor method could detect levels lower than 5 microg/kg and thus clearly fulfills the demands of the EU. To substantiate these measurements, recovery rates were determined and amounted on average to 104% in food. Matrix effects were eliminated by the introduction of a special electrode treatment. The test was compared with two traditional pesticide multiresidue analysis methods (GC-MS, LC-MS) using 26 fruit and vegetable samples from local markets and 23 samples of processed infant food from Germany, Spain, Poland and USA. Three infant food samples exceeded the MRL of 10 microg/kg when analyzed by either biosensor test or multiresidue methods.

Acetylcholinesterase↗
PubMed1989

[Preparation and chemical and nutritional evaluation of an infant food based on sweet lupine, wheat and milk].

This paper deals with the development of a food for infants and young children based upon a mixture of 27.5% wheat flour, 20% sweet lupin flour and 20% powdered milk (GL) (18% fat content) with added vitamins and minerals. The blend of wheat and lupin flour was processed in an extrusion-cooker (Wenger X 25) before mixing with the other ingredients. The proximate chemical analysis performed on the wheat-lupin-milk blend (LTL) showed 18.7% protein and 12.5% fat with a calculated caloric value of 427 kcal/100 g. Amino acid analysis indicated a deficiency of methionine + cystine and of threonine in the blend. Nevertheless, studies with rats on the biological quality of the protein, such us protein efficiency ratio and apparent digestibility, revealed that this blend was as good as the reference diet (powdered egg). It is therefore felt that the LTL blend may be a useful substitute in food programs directed to infants and school children.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed2006

Potential of selected infant food formulas for production of Bacillus cereus emetic toxin, cereulide.

Cereulide producing Bacillus cereus was isolated from randomly chosen commercial infant foods. The cereulide production in infant food formulas was investigated. When the reconstituted foods were inoculated with >10(5) cfu ml(-1) of cereulide producing B. cereus, 2 to 200 microg of cereulide per 100 ml of food accumulated during 24 h of non-refrigerated storage. The amount of cereulide measured in the foods by the accurate chemical assay (LC-MS) matched with that found by sperm micro assay, proving the cereulide was the sole heat stable toxin in the foods and present in its toxic form. The infant formulas containing both cereal and dairy ingredients were the most supportive for cereulide production. Cereulide accumulation was affected by the infant food composition as well as by the handling of the food. Diluting the reconstituted food with water resulted in increased toxin production expressed as mug per volume. More cereulide was accumulated when the food was incubated stationary compared with moderate shaking. The amount of cereulide accumulated within 24 h at room temperature per 100 ml of cereal and dairy or in rice-nondairy reconstituted infant formulas, inoculated with >or=10(5) cfu ml(-1) of B. cereus strain F4810/72, was higher or similar to the amounts reported for foods implicated in emetic type of food poisonings. Thus mishandling and temperature abuse of infant foods may cause food poisoning when emetic B. cereus is present.

Bacillus cereus↗