PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Influentials”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

On comparing biological shapes: detection of influential landmarks.

For problems of classification and comparison in biological research, the primary focus is on the similarity of forms. A biological form consists of size and shape. Several approaches for comparing biological forms using landmark data are available. If the two biological forms are demonstrated to be different, the next important issue is to localize the differences by identifying those areas which differ most between the two objects. In this paper we suggest a technique to detect influential landmarks, those which contribute most to the difference between forms. We study the effectiveness of the technique using three-dimensional simulated data sets and two examples. Results suggest that the technique is useful in the study of biological form and its variation.

Acrocephalosyndactylia↗
PubMed1992

The effect of influential outliers on parameter estimation in regression analysis.

A comment is made on an article recently published in this journal by Borgeat, Elie, and Castonguay (1991). It is noted that the raw data contained an outlier which is shown to have had a large influence on their estimation of the regression coefficient. Analysis of the data using a nonparametric statistic that is optimal for long-tailed distributions showed that the true regression coefficient is probably smaller than that reported. Other approaches to the analysis of data containing influential outliers are discussed.

Biofeedback, Psychology↗
PubMed1976

Time course of nigrostriatal degeneration in parkinson's disease. A detailed study of influential factors in human brain amine analysis.

It could be shown that the post mortem analysis of biogenic amines, precursors and metabolites in the human brain are influenced by various parameters. 1. The patient's medical history; long term observations of the course of the disease; age; sex. 2. Terminal illness; duration of terminal illness. 3. Previous treatment with drugs; last drugs. 4. Time interval between last drug treatment and death; time of day and date of last drug consumption. 5. Rapidity of death; time of death; duration of coma. 6. Changes occurring in tissues before death; patients' constitution during terminal illness. 7. Changes in concentration of the biogenic amines, precursors, and metabolites depending on the patient's age. 8. Time between death and necropsy. 9 Dissection of specimen. 10. Period of storage; temperature of storage. 11. Chronbiological rhythm of substances. 12. Methods of assayL 13. Homogeneity of all mentioned parameters in the control group and patient's group. For the first time it could be demonstrated that the time course of nigrostriatal degeneration, independent of the age of the parkinsonian at the beginning of the illness, is linear for the last stage and the denervation progressively increases as the duration of illness progresses.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1992

Influential factors in cemented acetabular cup loosening.

To delineate further the cause of acetabular loosening in a group of 238 total hip arthroplasties performed between 1980 and 1982, the authors subjected those total hip arthroplasties to a multifactorial analysis utilizing the log normal model. Data collected on each patient consisted of age, sex, weight at the time of surgery, diagnosis, cement thickness between zones 1 and 2 and between zones 2 and 3, polyethylene thickness, lateral tilt, and metal backing of the acetabular components. The acetabulum was considered a failure by radiographic loosening with migration greater than 5 mm, revision in patients younger than 60 years of age (P = 0.154), or when the acetabular cup was metal-backed (P = .001).

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Patients' perception of distress due to symptoms and effects of asthma on daily living and an investigation of possible influential factors.

1. Distress ratings for questions relating to the symptoms and impacts of asthma on daily living have been examined in 40 adult asthmatic outpatients. 2. The patients responded to each item in a 76-item questionnaire by marking a 10 cm visual analogue scale to indicate the degree of distress associated with the symptoms or state described in the question. The resulting score (as a percentage of 10 cm) was interpreted as the degree of distress associated with a particular item. 3. The possible influence on these distress scores of five factors, age, duration (time in years from diagnosis to interview), variability [recorded variability of forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) expressed as amplitude per cent mean], sex and FEV1 (current and worst recorded in the clinic, expressed as per cent of predicted) was investigated. 4. From correlations of each item with age, 11/76 items were significant at P less than 0.05. Taking the results from all 76 items in a repeated measures analysis of variance, there was a small significant relationship between age and distress score (P = 0.048). The direction of the association was negative, suggesting that younger patients were less tolerant of asthma; however, the effect of age only explained 1.5% of the total variance in scores of the 76 items. 5. From correlations of visual analogue scale score for each item against duration, 10/76 items were significant at P less than 0.05, but taking the 76 items overall there was no significant association (P = 0.2). 6. The remaining factors, sex, variability and FEV1, only showed a significant effect in 1/76, 1/76 and 5/76 items, respectively (P less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1992

The professional self-concepts of nursing undergraduates and their perceptions of influential forces.

This article explores the professional self-concepts of senior nursing undergraduates and their perceptions of the most significant forces that influenced the process. The method was qualitative; a grounded theory approach was used. The sample included 23 senior baccalaureate nursing students in their final clinical rotation prior to graduation. Audiotaped interviews were analyzed through the constant comparative method. Informants overwhelmingly perceived themselves as caring. They valued professional competence and many identified a lack of confidence in their skills. Caring qualities, caring role models, and qualities of the role models are listed.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1992

Retaining occupational therapists in rehabilitation settings: influential factors.

The purpose of this study was to identify the factors considered by occupational therapists in their decision to leave or to remain at a present job. Fifty-five occupational therapists practicing in freestanding rehabilitation hospitals in the Philadelphia metropolitan area were surveyed regarding general satisfaction, rewarding and stressful aspects of their current job, and personal or professional reasons to consider leaving a job. The responses were grouped by the therapists' years of experience as a framework for drawing conclusions. The results show that years of experience affects what is important to therapists at their jobs; for example, therapists who have been working for 1 year value different aspects of their jobs than therapists who have been working for over 7 years. In general, the most rewarding aspect of an occupational therapist's job was seen to be patient care; the most stressful, paperwork. In deciding to leave a job, the occupational therapists surveyed most frequently rated the following items as highly important: salary, productivity expectations, professional growth opportunities, peer relationships with other occupational therapists, and vacation time.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Influential factors on recurrence of renal cell carcinoma].

In order to clarify factors affecting recurrence, we reviewed 115 renal cell carcinoma patients without distant metastasis at diagnosis (Mo) treated from January 1975 to March 1990 at Sapporo Medical College Hospital. Of these 115 patients, recurrence (metastasis) was found in 23 (20.0%). The non-recurrence rate was 70.6% after the 5-year and 56.5% after the 10-year follow up. In 22 out of 23 patients, recurrence appeared within 3 years following surgery. Multivariate analysis by Cox's proportional hazard model revealed that lymph node metastasis was the most significant factor for recurrence in the 115 patients followed by stage of the primary tumor and pre-operative acute phase reactant (fever, ESR and alpha 2-globulin) in this order. When the analysis was performed in the 88 patients who was in less advanced stage (pN0pV0-1a), pre-operative acute phase reactant (fever, ESR and alpha 2-globulin) was identified as the only significant factor affecting recurrence. This result suggests that pre-operative acute phase reactant is the most important risk factor for recurrence in this group of patients.

Acute-Phase Proteins↗
PubMed1992

Adolescent smoking: influential factors, past preventive efforts, and future nursing implications.

Every year, one million youths begin to smoke cigarettes. Authorities agree the best approach to adolescent smoking is prevention. However, before nurses can implement any preventive efforts, they must understand the factors that influence adolescent smoking. Recent research indicates that a combination of biological, psychological, and social factors are necessary for the initiation of smoking. Preventive programs that reduce the rate of smoking have combined these factors and have aimed to increase the personal and social skills of adolescents. Nurses who work with adolescents and their families can and should incorporate this information into their practices.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[Study on the mechanisms and influential factors of intrauterine infection of hepatitis B virus].

Molecular hybridization methods were used to study the intrauterine HBV infection in induced abortions. HBV-DNA was detected not only in fetal liver, but also in spleen, Pancreas, kidney and placenta. The results suggested that HBV might probably pass through placental barrier or infect the placenta leading to the intrauterine HBV infection. Even a possible vertical transmission of HBV via the germ line might exist. However, it might not be the main way by which the maternal blood entered fetal circulation through placental leakage leading to intrauterine infection of HBV. In maternal blood, HBeAg positivity, especially also positive for HBV-DNA was important for intrauterine infection. But maternal anti-HBc antibody may not be able to suppress HBV antigens expression and HBV replication in fetal tissue.

DNA, Viral↗
PubMed1990

[Clinical studies on endocrine therapy of prostatic carcinoma (1): Multivariate analyses of prognostic factors in patients with prostatic carcinoma given endocrine therapy].

The general trend on the treatment for prostatic carcinoma has been changing from endocrine therapy alone to an alternative type according to stage. We evaluated clinically the favorable and unfavorable outcome of endocrine therapy in Japan, so that others will be appropriately evaluated. In a cooperative study made by members of five universities, 572 patients with clinically or histologically reconfirmed prostatic carcinoma were entered in this retrospective study. We studied the true influence of prognostic factors on the prognosis of 497 patients with prostatic carcinoma who had received endocrine therapy, employing multivariate analyses, such as quantification method II, multiple regression analysis and Cox's proportional hazard model. Twelve factors were considered in the study; "age", "stage", "histological findings (structural atypism = SAT, nuclear anaplasia = NAN, Gleason's primary and secondary pattern)", "pretreatment level of total acid (ACP) and of alkaline phosphatase (ALP)", "castration performed or not performed", "doses of estrogen", "type of response of local prostatic tumor and of ACP to endocrine therapy". Analysis of the "importance" of a prognostic factor by a partial correlation determined by quantification method II, revealed "stage" to have the greatest "importance" on prognosis throughout the entire period. "Response of local prostatic tumor", "response of ACP" and "Gleason's primary pattern" tended to be important factors for prognosis, in particular, in the first half period, and "age" and "Gleason's secondary pattern" were important in the latter half. Multiple regression analysis revealed the "stage", once again to be the most influential factor on the prognosis for the entire observation period. Also "response of local prostatic tumor", "SAT" and "Gleason's primary pattern" affected the patients' prognosis in the first half of the observation period. In the latter half, "age" became more of an influential factor than "histological findings". Analysis with Cox's proportional hazard model revealed that "response of ACP", "stage", "age", "Gleason's primary and secondary pattern", and "response of local prostatic tumor" were definitely the more influential prognostic factors, of which chi-square values (or t values) were statistically significant. Comparison of the significant factors in each multivariate analysis revealed that common influential prognostic factors, such as "age", "stage", "histological findings (mainly Gleason's primary and secondary pattern)", "response of local prostatic tumor" and "response of ACP" were coincident to the clinical impression. The clarification of these factors would be clinically beneficial when treating patients with endocrine therapy.

Estrogens↗
PubMed1992

A note on last case influence using the partial likelihood approach under heavy censoring.

The Cox proportional hazards model always treats the last observation in a time ordered data set as an inexact survival time. In certain situations this can lead to this observation always having a low case influence and consequently never being highlighted by a case influence analysis. Thus an influential value can become non-influential by a miscalculation of survival time and this, in turn, can affect conclusions of an analysis based on statistical significance (P-values).

Bias↗
PubMed1976

Maternal mortality rates in eclampsia.

This study evaluates the dominant factors that influence the course of eclampsia toward a lethal outcome by means of statistical analysis of various clinical, laboratory, and morphologic data of 365 cases of toxemia with convulsions, that included 49 deaths and 33 autopsies, registered during a 9 year period. This communication suggests that the death of eclamptic patients resulted from a combination of several factors that showed a very wide individual variation. Since advancing age of the mother was associated with a high incidence of coincidental renal and vascular diseases, this was the most clearly influential factor. The presence of twins, delay in hospitalization, under haste in deciding upon cesarean delivery, and underestimation of the initial clinical condition were all influential factors, although without statistical significance. Cesarean section, performed in 141 instances of ante- and intrapartum eclasmpsia (40.4 per cent), was not associated with a higher maternal mortality rate.

Adolescent↗