PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Information”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Informed consent, informed refusal, informed choice--what is it that makes a patient's medical treatment decisions informed?

Informed consent is the fundamental ethical and legal doctrine that protects the patient's rights of personal autonomy and bodily self-determination. An adjunct to the doctrine of informed consent advanced by some is the notion of informed refusal. According to advocates of this concept, incoherent, unconscious, or otherwise incapacitated patients cannot make informed treatment choices because such patients cannot receive a full and current explanation of their health problems and treatment options. This, in turn, raises serious questions about what it is that makes a patient's treatment decisions--whether consents or refusals--informed. Is current, detailed information about the patient's medical condition and treatment options an ethical and legal prerequisite? Can non-medical values and concerns of the patient ever suffice to make the patient's treatment choices informed? How does the concept of informed refusal affect the use of health-care advance directives? This paper will address these important questions.

Christianity↗
PubMed2003

Representative marketing-oriented study on implants in the Austrian population. I. Level of information, sources of information and need for patient information.

The number of dental implants inserted annually worldwide has been estimated to come close to a million. But the level of information available to patients about realistic, evidence-based treatment options by implants is often enough more than fragmentary, and what is disseminated by the media and the industry does not always reflect evidence-based empirical data. This survey of 1000 adults presented with 18 questions was designed to shed light on several points. These were (1). level of subjective patient information, (2). sources of information and prejudices, (3). future demand for implant treatment and target groups for patient information campaigns, and (4). potential misinformation, information deficits, discrepancies of information and how these come about. Of those questioned, 20% said unprompted that implants were a possibility to replace missing teeth. When prompted, 72% said that they knew about dental implants. Most of those questioned felt poorly informed about the options for replacing missing teeth and many knew less about implants than about other alternatives. The dentist was said to be the desired source of information, but 77% of those questioned reported that their dentists did not practice implant dentistry. More than 79% of those questioned did not know whether their dentist worked with implants. Forty-four percent thought that implants should only be placed by specially trained doctors. Sixty-one percent were of the opinion that dentists who provide implant dentistry were better qualified than their nonimplanting colleagues. Half of those questioned attributed implant failures to allergies and incompatibilities, the other half to poor medical care. Only 29% incriminated poor oral hygiene as a cause of implant failure. Future strategies should be geared to more professional public relations and patient information. Internationally operating qualified implant institutions could contribute much to balance discrepant information.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

The information needs of women who have undergone breast reconstruction. Part II: Information giving and content of information.

Women diagnosed with breast cancer treated by mastectomy can choose breast reconstruction. The information needs of women undergoing this procedure have only been addressed in the research literature to a limited extent. A qualitative approach was used to explore the experiences of women who had undergone breast reconstruction with a specific focus on their views on how they considered their information needs could best be met. A purposeful sample of eight women was recruited to participate in two focus groups, each lasting 2 hours. Framework analysis was used to develop an index of key themes and sub themes which transformed the data into a structured record which facilitated systematic analysis. This paper will present the emergent key themes regarding information giving and the content of information that women perceive as important when preparing for breast reconstruction. Process, delivery and patient factors are presented in the category of information giving. Several sub themes are discussed concerning the content of information considered to be relevant. Those involved in imparting information to women about such surgery should be aware of the type of information that is considered relevant, the manner in which it should be delivered and timing factors that implicate on the process.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Information resources management: management focus on the value of information and information work.

Progressive management views information resources--all forms of stored data; people as information sources, processors and communicators; information tools--as major assets of companies in the information age. They treat and manage information resources as other valuable resources, e.g. personnel, finances, energy. The unique characteristics of managing information resources are introduced. Approaches toward the introduction of information resources management are outlined.

Information Systems↗
PubMed1994

Information use, information perceptions and information flows in primary care medical practice.

A research project funded by the Welsh Office and undertaken by the Department of Information and Library Studies, University of Wales, Aberystwyth examined the information systems in place in a sample of general medical practices in Wales. Shortcomings were identified in patient records, the supply of medical information for patients, staff training and staff communications. Practices lacked coherent information management strategies to relate information to practice goals and to define responsibility and protocols for information tasks. Unless rectified, these deficiencies will inhibit the viability of primary care data as a basis for medical research, audit and for identifying the health needs of communities.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed2006

Personal and social comparison information about health risk: reaction to information and information search.

This study extended previous research on the impact of personal and social comparison information about health risk by asking respondents what other information they require. A total of 197 students responded to 1 of 12 vignettes describing hypothetical risks of developing pancreatic disease. These vignettes varied in terms of personal risk, comparison group risk and disease severity. Higher threat manipulations elicited higher ratings of negative affect, although perceived ambiguity moderated this effect. When information was more threatening, respondents requested more information, especially about controlling the disease threat. These results indicate the importance of providing unambiguous information, information about how to control a threat and information people want.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2005

Integration of hospital information systems, operative and peri-operative information systems, and operative equipment into a single information display.

The integration of disparate information systems in the operative environment allows access to information that is typically unseen or unused. Through a collaborative effort, a variety of information systems and surgical equipment are being integrated. This provides improved context-sensitive information display and decision support and improved access to information to improve workflow, safety and visualization of information that was previously unattainable.

Data Display↗
PubMed2005

"What does this mean?" How Web-based consumer health information fails to support information seeking in the pursuit of informed consent for screening test decisions.

PURPOSE: The authors analyzed online consumer health information related to screening tests to see how well this information meets known standards for supporting the understanding of test uncertainty. SETTING/SUBJECTS: MedlinePlus documents regarding maternal serum screening (6), prostate-specific antigen testing (6), and screening mammography (6) were analyzed. METHODOLOGY: The content of the documents was analyzed. RESULTS: This study showed that most sites conscientiously report that tests are less than 100% accurate, but few provide important details about the level of uncertainty associated with test results. In particular, few resources give information about the predictive value of screening tests and have little mention of the fact that predictive value is influenced by the a priori likelihood of having the condition. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION: These results suggest that online consumer health information does not adequately support decisions about medical screening. We suggest a potential solution to the problem: metadata harvesting coupled with optimized presentation techniques to format personalized information about screening tests. Using these techniques, the empowerment of personal choice in matters of health decisions could become the de facto standard.

Canada↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Teaching information mastery: creating informed consumers of medical information.

BACKGROUND: The concepts of evidence-based medicine are permeating all specialties, including family practice. This article describes a curriculum to teach residents the principles and practices of information mastery, a derivation of evidence-based medicine that is more relevant to family physicians. METHODS: The curriculum is a 2-year longitudinal experience consisting mainly of didactic presentations and demonstrations in the first year followed by small-group sessions in the second year. Residents are taught the concepts of the previously described approach of information mastery and the application of these concepts to the variety of information resources available to them. Specifically, residents are taught how to find, evaluate, and apply information available from original research literature, review articles, meta-analyses, translation (controlled-circulation) journals, continuing education lectures, experts and colleagues, pharmaceutical representatives, and clinical experience. RESULTS: Using a before-after design at two institutions, the curriculum improved residents' attitudes, confidence regarding the medical literature, their perceptions of their ability to evaluate the published literature, and their use of information sources. CONCLUSIONS: Offering a structured curriculum to family practice residents creates dynamic, confident, and independent clinicians skilled in the art of information mastery.

Curriculum↗
PubMed2002

[Presence/absence of original information in the misleading information effect: an investigation using recognition and priming tasks similar to original information presentation].

Several previous studies on the misleading information effect employed priming tasks to examine the presence/absence of original information. Given hyperspecificity of priming, however, it is questionable whether or not their priming tasks were sensitive enough to detect original information because their stimuli were perceptually different from the slides in the study phase. In the priming task of this research, we used slides whose perceptual properties were equivalent to those of the studied ones. In addition, we also conducted a yes-no recognition task using the same slides so that the results of these two tasks could be directly compared. The misleading information effect was replicated in the recognition task. Nevertheless, participants correctly recognized the original slides, whereas no priming effect was observed for those slides. These results suggest that although the original information survives the misleading information effect, its representation is modified so that only the yes-no recognition task, not the priming task, has access to it.

Information Theory↗
PubMed2002

[Information cards and informed consent. Proposal of 12 information cards for plastic and aesthetic surgery].

Obligation to deliver full information and obtaining enlightened assent are now, for the whole French practitioner, a necessary preliminary to each operation. Henceforth, in case of suit, the practitioner must prove the reality and the quality of preoperative information. The National Medical French Council (CNOM) called scientific societies attention to propose to their members some index standard cards, corresponding to main medical and surgical records. The National Agency for Accreditation and Evaluation in Health (Anaes) defined the main characteristics of these documents. The authors propose twelve information cards corresponding to the most currently operations of plastic and aesthetic surgery. They will being clear and simple, with a large agreement, strictly informative and yearly up to date. They have the label and therefore the scientific guaranty of French Society of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery.

Ethics, Medical↗
PubMed2003

[Cards of information and informed consent. Proposal of 14 information cards for plastic and aesthetic surgery].

Obligation to deliver full information and obtaining enlightened assent are now, for the whole French practitioner, a necessary preliminary to each operation. Henceforth, in case of suit, the practitioner must prove the reality and the quality of preoperatoire information. The National Medical French Council (CNOM) called scientific societies attention to propose to their members some index standard cards, corresponding to mail medical and surgical records. The National Agency for Accreditation and Evaluation in Health (Anaes) defined the main characteristics of these documents. The authors propose fourteen information cards corresponding to the most currently operations of plastic and aesthetic surgery. They will being clear and simple, wtih a large agreement, strictly informative and yearly up to date. They have the label and therefore the scientific guarantee of French Society of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery.

France↗
PubMed2002

[Information cards and informed consent. A proposal of 12 information cards for plastic and esthetic surgery].

Obligation to deliver full information and obtaining enlightened assent are now, for the whole french practitioner, a necessary preliminary to each operation. Henceforth, in case of suit, the practitioner must prove the reality and the quality of preoperative information. The National Medical French Council (CNOM) called scientific societies attention to propose to their members some index standard cards, corresponding to main medical and surgical records. The National Agency for Accreditation and Evaluation in Health (Anaes) defined the main characteristics of these documents. The authors propose twelve information cards corresponding to the most currently operations of plastic and aesthetic surgery. They will being clear and simple, with a large agreement, strictly informative and yearly up to date. They have the label and therefore the scientific guaranty of French Society of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery.

Humans↗
PubMed2005

The economic value of informal care: a study of informal caregivers' and patients' willingness to pay and willingness to accept for informal care.

We provide a new test of the feasibility of using contingent valuation to value informal care. We start with a theoretical model of informal caregiving and derive that willingness to pay depends positively on wealth and negatively on own health, whereas the effect of other's health is sign-ambiguous. These predictions are tested in two new data sets on patients' and caregivers' willingness to pay (WTP) and willingness to accept (WTA) for informal care. The data are generally consistent with the theoretical predictions: wealth generally has a positive impact and own health a negative impact. Other's health has a mixed effect. We find only small differences between WTP and WTA. Our findings suggest that contingent valuation may be a useful technique to value informal care in economic evaluations of health care.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

Inventing the future of physicians and information technology: methods and results of the 1997 Lafayette Parish Medical Society Information Systems and Information Technology Project.

This paper challenges physicians to consider how to best invent a future in which they can personally leverage emerging information and communication technologies to maximize their effectiveness and efficiency as care givers. One Louisiana State Medical Society component medical society has already posed this challenge to its members. The paper describes the 1997 Lafayette Parish Medical Society Physicians' Information Systems and Information Project, conducted on behalf of the society by faculty of the Healthcare Administration MBA Program at the University of Southwestern Louisiana. Specific recommendations for application of health care information technologies by physicians and by health care institutions, based on findings and conclusions of the project, are highlighted.

Data Collection↗
PubMed1992

[Information systems for health and social care planning. Information basis and information channels in the municipalities].

The Norwegian Government has started to develop a new system for a better exchange of information between the central and the local authorities when planning health and social services. The plan is to base the system on nationwide collection and delivery of standardized indicators which will signal trends and enable comparisons. Several conclusions from an interview survey indicate that the new information system will not be particularly useful. Local authorities believe that their information is good enough already, and have little confidence in statistics prepared by the central authorities. On the other hand many of them called for more statistics that would enable comparisons between neighbouring municipalities, and several had themselves taken the initiative to collect data on various local needs and activities.

Health Planning↗
PubMed1988

Integrated Academic Information Management Systems (IAIMS). Part II. Planning and implementing integrated information services. Integration and outreach: Integrated Academic Information Management Systems (IAIMS) at Maryland.

The University of Maryland Campus for the Professions is now realizing the first benefits of integrated academic information management systems (IAIMS). With the support of the National Library of Medicine, the information Resources Management Division has joined with the Health Sciences Library to plan and to implement change. Within the information utility concept, networked data communications and end-user computing function as the means to integration. Plans call for new 370-based software to extend system capabilities. Mechanisms for outreach ensure that the potential of integration is realized. These mechanisms include technology assisted learning centers, informatics program development, special programs (geriatrics, hypertension pilot), and new applications (conferencing system, voice mail, videodisc development, interinstitutional resource sharing).

Academic Medical Centers↗