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8 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1993

Surveillance for the Expanded Programme on Immunization.

Surveillance is the foundation of public health practice. This review examines the experience of surveillance in the Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI). Surveillance systems include routine reporting, sentinel surveillance, and community-based reporting. Data from ongoing surveillance should be linked with those from supervision, health facility assessments, population surveys, and outbreak investigations to provide information for programme planning, implementation, evaluation, and modification. Evaluation of surveillance systems should assess the extent to which data are used for policy-making and programme improvement, and the simplicity, accuracy, completeness, timeliness and cost of the data. The surveillance of vaccine-preventable diseases has evolved as programmes mature, to monitor progress towards disease control targets. The establishment of goals to reduce measles cases by 90%, eliminate neonatal tetanus, and eradicate poliomyelitis has put increased emphasis on the need for effective disease surveillance. This opportunity should be taken to promote strengthening of national routine systems for disease surveillance, to make them effective instruments for prevention and control of diseases of public health importance.

Data Collection↗
PubMed1988

[Literature search in data banks using a video recording system].

It is now easy to search from any site for literature stored in large databases. This article describes the possibility of retrieving literature from the database maintained at the Deutsches Institut für medizinische Dokumentation und Information (DIMDI) by means of a personal computer and BTX.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed1990

A cost analysis of film image management and four PACS based on different network protocols.

Picture Archive and Communication Systems (PACS), which allow the electronic acquisition, storage, transportation, and viewing of medical images, hold the eventual promise of reduced costs, improved image-management logistics, and ultimately, improved patient care. But at what point in the future will PACS really cost less than film-based image management for a given hospital size; and how are these costs affected by the choice of the digital communication network? To address these questions, a static differential cost model has been constructed. PAC systems based on two high-speed networks (less than 150 megabytes per second Mbps) and two low-speed networks, as well as film, were considered for five different sized hospitals (ranging from 15,000 to 125,000 procedures per year) and two time periods (1995 and 2000). PACS equipment was assumed to have a payoff of five years. The model considered all capital and supply costs and personnel costs for the PACS and for film storage and retrieval. It did not consider any possible cost savings from logistics improvement likely to result from the adoption of a PACS. Based on the assumptions outlined, high-speed-network PACS are less costly than those based on low-speed networks for all scenarios considered. Further, even though all possible PACS cost savings were not considered, high-speed network PACS appear to be less costly than film for hospitals larger than 60,000 procedures in 1995 and larger than 15,000 in 2000, while low-speed-network PACS should cost less than film for 60,000 and 30,000 procedure hospitals in 1995 and 2000 respectively.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed1992

Benefits of coordinated action in PACS evaluation.

PACS, a health care technology still in its developmental stage, aims to improve the management of diagnostic imaging investigations. As the technology has not been comprehensively assessed, data and facts to justify its clinical, economic and other benefits are to date insufficient. Through internationally coordinated action, it is expected to obtain a faster and more comprehensive technology assessment of PACS as well as recommendations for optimization of the system and guidelines for its rational use in various health care environments.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Methods of automatically acquiring images from digital medical systems.

Automated image acquisition plays an important role in a picture archiving and communication system (PACS). However, there is no single solution for automated data acquisition from existing digital medical imaging systems. We have gained a great deal of experience on automatic acquiring data by interfacing imaging scanners of major manufacturers. In this paper, we categorize the interface methods supported by the current image scanners. This categorization consists of five architectural models: (a) sequential chain; (b) direct interface; (c) memory access; (d) shared disk; and (e) interconnected network. The cost, rate of data transfer, and ease of implementation of each model are discussed. To ensure the integrity and availability of patient images in a PACS system, automated fault tolerance design in image acquisition is required. Based upon our field data, we report common scenarios which cause the acquisition to fail. We also describe techniques employed to automatically restart the operations which include recovery from acquisition processes' errors and traps, image acquisition computer down-time occurrence, and shutdown occurrence of medical imaging system.

Automation↗
PubMed1990

Computer multitasking with Desqview 386 in a family practice.

Computers are now widely used in medical practice for accounting and secretarial tasks. However, it has been much more difficult to use computers in more physician-related activities of daily practice. I investigated the Desqview multitasking system on a 386 computer as a solution to this problem. Physician-directed tasks of management of patient charts, retrieval of reference information, word processing, appointment scheduling and office organization were each managed by separate programs. Desqview allowed instantaneous switching back and forth between the various programs. I compared the time and cost savings and the need for physician input between Desqview 386, a 386 computer alone and an older, XT computer. Desqview significantly simplified the use of computer programs for medical information management and minimized the necessity for physician intervention. The time saved was 15 minutes per day; the costs saved were estimated to be $5000 annually.

Ambulatory Care Information Systems↗
PubMed1994

Computerized documentation of pharmacists' interventions.

A computerized system for documenting interventions, developed by the pharmacy department at a 695-bed tertiary care university teaching hospital, is described. A computerized system was developed to better gain the needed details on pharmacists' recommendations, to capture a greater number of such recommendations, and to prepare for recent changes in standards of the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations. Only clinically important recommendations or those that involve cost savings are documented. Data can be entered and retrieved from any medical information system terminal in the hospital, and each entry becomes part of the patient's permanent record. A hard copy of all recommendations and a data file are generated daily. Analysis of the data has provided numerous opportunities for improving both patient care and the quality of pharmaceutical services. The system has been well received by pharmacists and has resulted in physician support of pharmacists' recommendations, as well as substantial cost savings. A convenient, easy-to-use computerized program for reporting interventions has helped a pharmacy department conduct departmental and institutional quality assurance activities and decrease costs.

Clinical Pharmacy Information Systems↗