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PubMedDate not supplied

[Artificial insemination in pigs: study of conception conditions with use of 2 inseminations in heat with about 24 hours interval].

140 sows and gilts of Danish Landrace were inseminated twice per heat with an interval of approximately 24 hours. Half of the females had their first insemination with semen of Danish Landrace and their second insemination with semen of Yorkshire, the other half vice versa. 114 females became pregnant. At farrowing the number of offspring of Danish Landrace and/or Danish Landrace X Yorkshire per sow/gilt was registrated. The results have been set out in tables I and II, from which it can be seen, that 59% conceived only after first insemination, 18% only after second insemination and 23% after both first and second insemination. In the last group 52% of the offspring were from the first insemination and 48% from the second insemination. In the sows no increase in av. litter size after two inseminations was found. The results are discussed and apparent discrepancy with earlier results is explained with a presumbably existing competition in the female genital tract between sperms from two inseminations at different times in the heat, resulting in ageing of the first inseminated sperms.

Animals↗

PubMed1992

Intrauterine insemination outperforms intracervical insemination in a randomized, controlled study with frozen, donor semen.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy of intrauterine insemination (IUI) in a donor insemination program. DESIGN: Prospective randomized clinical trial. SETTING: Donor insemination program. PATIENTS, PARTICIPANTS: Women undergoing insemination were randomly assigned to receive either IUI or intracervical insemination for a maximum of six cycles. INTERVENTIONS: None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Cycle fecundity rates between the two routes were compared. RESULTS: The monthly fecundity rate for intracervical insemination was 5.1% compared with 23% by IUI. By life table analysis, pregnancy rates for IUI were significantly higher than intracervical insemination (P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: Intrauterine insemination with quarantined donor sperm is superior to intracervical insemination.

Cervix Uteri↗

PubMed1979

The influence of insemination timing and semen characteristics on the efficiency of a donor insemination program.

The analysis of accumulated data from conceptional and nonconceptional ovulatory menstrual cycles of patients undertaking artificial donor insemination has allowed some observations to be made on the practical aspects which may influence the efficiency of the program. The evidence suggests that with the use of preserved semen, accurate timing of insemination is essential, and that days 0 and +1 with respect to the luteinizing hormone surge appear to be advantageous as compared with closely related days. When the numbers of motile spermatozoa which were inseminated over a critical 4-day interval were analyzed, the results also suggested that improved conception rates occurred when larger numbers of active spermatozoa were used. A comparison was made between those patients who had been inseminated on a single occasion and those inseminated on more than one occasion during the periovulatory period. The results obtained from those cycles inseminated on a single occasion were inferior to those obtained from cycles inseminated more than once. Finally, some limited comparison is drawn between the established insemination programs of bovine husbandry and the relatively inefficient human experience. One explanation may lie in the wider spectrum of donor semen desirable for the human programs.

Cell Count↗

PubMed1977

[Control of fertility outcome in artificially inseminated gilts and old sows. 2: Addition of oxytocin to boar semen. Its effect on length of insemination, pregnancy rate and litter size].

Toleration-oriented insemination was applied to 1,373 oestrous sows that had undergone bio-engineering treatment, with two insemination portions having been used for each oestrous. Five International Units of oxytocin were added immediately before insemination proper to the semen applied to 315 gilts and 377 old sows. The control group included 296 gilts and 385 old sows inseminated in parallel. Semen intake, on average, was complete between four and eight minutes with the majority of gilts and between four and seven minutes with most of the old sows, but no evidence was obtained as to any action of the oxytoxin upon intake intensity. The treated gilts were superior to the controls by 6.3 per cent in pregnancy rate and by 56 born piglets to each 100 first inseminations. Superiority, consequently, was significant. In both gilts and old sows added oxytocin prolonged insemination by more than five minutes and gave clearly better fertility results.

Age Factors↗

PubMed1975

Effect of timing of insemination, numbers of spermatozoa and extender components on the pregnancy rate in mares inseminated with frozen stallion semen.

Fertilization rate was highest in mares inseminated with frozen semen within 12 hr of ovulation. Foaling rate was improved (P less than 0-05) by increasing the number of motile spermatozoa inseminated from 40 X 10(6) to 80 X 10(6) but was not further improved by increasing the number to 160 X 10(6) or by increasing the frequency of insemination from once to twice daily. The fertilizing capacity of spermatozoa frozen in one of the hydrogen ion extenders studied was dependent upon relative osmotic pressure and method of freezing (ampoules or pellets). Adjusting glycerol concentration from 7% to 2%, addition of glycerol 15 min before freezing and freezing 2 hr after extension all enhanced the fertilizing capacity of spermatozoa. Pregnancy rate per mare service period was higher (P less than 0-01) for mares inseminated with unextended semen (75%) than for extended semen containing no glycerol (50%) or extended semen containing 7% glycerol (35%). Although wide variability in the fertilizing capacity of spermatozoa from individual stallions was observed when semen was extended or extended and frozen, pregnancy rate was depressed in all stallions. It was concluded, therefore, that hydrogen ion extenders depress fertilizing capacity of stallion spermatozoa immediately after extension and show little promise as semen extenders for short- or long-term storage of stallion semen.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Comparison of intrauterine insemination, intracervical insemination, and timed intercourse in women treated with human menopausal gonadotropin.

The effects of intrauterine insemination (IUI), intracervical insemination (ICI), and timed intercourse (TI) in women who were treated with human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG) for anovulation were evaluated. The pregnancy rates per cycle following IUI (70 cycles), ICI (62 cycles) and TI (158 cycles) were 20%, 9.6%, and 17.7%, respectively; these differences are not statistically significant. The abortion rate and the multiple pregnancy rate were also not significantly different. This report suggests that in women who are undergoing treatment with hMG, there is no added benefit from artificial insemination (either intrauterine or intracervical insemination) over timed intercourse.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Daily insemination with cryopreserved donor semen is more effective than alternate-day insemination.

A group of 177 consecutive treatment series using daily insemination has been compared with 211 consecutive treatment series using alternate-day insemination. The incidence of female infertility factors, the dropout rate per cycle, and the pregnancy rate per cycle were compared. No significant differences in distribution of female infertility factors or dropout rate were found. In contrast, the pregnancy rate by life-table analysis was significantly different between the two groups, the average monthly fecundability being 1.6 times as high in the daily insemination group. It is argued that after insemination, cryopreserved semen retains its fertilizing capacity no longer than 24 hours.

Adult↗

PubMed1977

[Studies on the success of insemination after various insemination dates in biotechnical puberty induction of young sows].

Different frequencies and periods of insemination were checked with the view to optimising puberty induction to young sows, for which purpose 500 IU PMS/250 IU HCG were injected to 571 animals in seven experiments. Insemination was carried out by deadline, since follicle stimulation was exhibited by almost all animals following the above treatment, while only some of them displayed tolerance. Advantage was taken of the induced oestrus, since its ovulation rates were higher than those associated with subsequent heat cycles, and because a synchronised second oestrus was recordable only from some of those animals which exhibited follicle stimulation in response to puberty induction. The most favourable results in terms of pregnancy and number of embryoes, against the background of the great variability in ovulation onset, were obtained, if insemination was applied 72, 96, and 120 hours after gonadotrophin treatment. From among the variants with two inseminations, good results were obtained from those 96 and 120 hours after PMS/HCG treatment.

Animals↗

PubMed1992

The effect of consecutive day inseminations on semen characteristics in an intrauterine insemination program.

This study demonstrates a statistically significant decrease in semen volume, sperm concentration, and sperm motility in samples obtained on the 2nd day of consecutive day inseminations in an IUI program. This diminution in semen characteristics persists despite sperm washing. The effects of a second ejaculation on semen parameters in oligospermic and asthenospermic men were mixed. Thus, in general, sperm-washing procedures cannot overcome the natural reduction in semen quality produced by frequent ejaculations. Clinicians may wish to use this information in timing IUI cycle inseminations.

Ejaculation↗

PubMed1977

Control of fertility outcome in artificially inseminated gilts and old sows. 1: Electric stimulation of estrous sows. Its effect on insemination results.

Fifty gilts and 33 old sows which exhibited oestrous after bio-engineering treatment were electrically stimulated during insemination, using an A.C. mains-connected unit. The average voltages applied were 3.7 volt for gilts and between 2.5 and 2.8 volt for the old sows. The current was applied rectally, and the responsiveness differed individually. The treated animals then were compared to unstimulated controls, and the achievement in terms of born piglets was 1.18 more for gilts and 1.20 more for the old sows. Those better results were attributed to electric acceleration of sperm transport.

Age Factors↗

PubMed1977