PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Institutionalization”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1977

A study of Cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus and Herpesvirus hominis (types 1 and 2) antibody in institutionalized and non-institutionalized children.

In an attempt to demonstrate differences in antibody prevalence between free-living and institutionalized children, antibodies to Cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), and Herpesvirus hominis (HVH), types 1 and 2, were assayed in 123 children. The children comprised three groups consisting of 41 institutionalized patients with Down's syndrome (all non-disjunctive trisomy-G karyotype and equal numbers of age-, sex-, and race-matched non-mongoloid institutionalized subjects and non-institutionalized normal controls. CMV antibody titer values were statistically similar in the three groups. However, fewer mongoloids (21.9%) were seropositive than other institutionalized retardates (39.0%) and normal control subjects (43.9%). Antibody titer values to EBV were also similar; however, in comparison to the other groups, significantly more mongoloids were seropositive at younger ages. More mongoloids were seropositive to HVH-1 and had higher antibody titers than the other two groups. Antibody to HVH-2 was more prevalent in institutionalized subjects, 85.4% in mongoloids and 65.8% in other institutionalized retardates, than in normal non-institutionalized children (26.8%).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Hepatitis-B surface antigen and antibody: prevalence and persistence in institutionalized and noninstitutionalized persons.

A total of 426 persons were studied in an attempt to more clearly define the high prevalence of hepatitis-B surface antigen (HBsAg) seen among institutionalized persons. HBsAg was found in 63.4 percent of the children and young adults with Down's syndrome (DS) at the Central Wisconsin Center (CWC) and in 45.5 percent of those at the Northern Wisconsin Center (NWC). Significantly more subjects with DS had hepatitis-B antigenemia than age- and sex-matched non-DS institutionalized subjects. Antibody (anti-HBs) to HBsAg was found in 19.5 percent of the DS subjects at CWC and in 38.6 percent of those at NWC. The prevalence of anti-HBs was similar among DS and non-DS institutionalized subjects. None of the noninstitutionalized subjects had HBsAg in their serums and their anti-HBs prevalence was low (2.1 percent). HBsAg was found to persist for at least 10 years in both DS and non-DS institutionalized subjects. However, persistence occurred more frequently among DS subjects. Anti-HBs persisted at least 10 years among non-DS subjects, but DS subjects tended to lose antibody sooner. The study findings indicated that the high prevalence of HBsAg seen in institutionalized DS subjects at CWC and NWC were not related to the age of the subject at admission nor to the duration of institutionalization.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Predictive validity of factors influencing the institutionalization of elderly people with psycho-geriatric disorders.

The predictive validity of certain items was tested with respect to their influence on the institutionalization of elderly people with psycho-geriatric disorders (n = 69). Twelve items measuring both the patient's condition and the exhaustion around the patient were tested. Two outcome measurements were used, the first measuring the number of patients who were institutionalized after the end of 12 months and the second measuring the number of days at an institution during 12 months. The items "Exhaustion of spouse" and "Supervision need" showed the highest correlation with institutionalization and predicted institutionalization, better than items describing the degree of dementia.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

Intellectual and personality differences between community-living and institutionalized older adult females.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate simultaneously differences between normal institutionalized older adults and community-living older adults with respect to intelligence/cognitive test performance and personality. Participants were 25 community-living females (M age = 72.9 yrs, SD = 6.34) and 25 institutionalized females (M age = 80.0 yrs, SD = 6.46). Intellectual/cognitive ability was assessed by the WAIS, Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale (Form L-M), Ravens Coloured Progressive Matrices; personality was assessed by the Hand Test, a projective technique. Several multivariate analyses (discriminant analysis) were conducted. Results suggested that even when controlling for age and level of education, institutionalization appears to be associated with intellectual/cognitive as well as personality deficits. The findings were discussed in terms of the potential implications for the professional working with institutionalized older adults.

Aged↗
PubMed1975

A comparative computer content analysis of the verbal behavior of institutionalized and noninstitutionalized retarded children.

Previous studies have indicated structural language differences favoring the noninstitutionalized retarded when compared to matched institutionalized retarded children. In this study, a sociological and psychological deficit hypothesis for institutional retardates was explored by using a verbal content analysis system. Unstructured speech samples from 20 institutionalized and 20 noninstitutionalized retarded children were employed using the computerized General Inquirer System and the Harvard III Psychosociological Dictionary. Differences were found between the groups but all except two were negated or attenuated by additional extended manual analysis treatments. The findings of this study do not support a psychological or sociological deficit hypothesis for institutionalized educable retardates as measured by this content analysis system.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1978

Psychotropic drug use among institutionalized and noninstitutionalized Medicaid aged in California.

Previous research has shown that prescription drug use is higher for the aged than for the general population. The present study uses the California Medicaid data base to compare the amount and pattern of prescription drug use among the aged to that of the general population and then compares, within the aged population, drug use by the institutionalized and noninstitutionalized. It was found that prescription drug use was higher for the aged as compared to the general population; among the aged, however, prescription drug expenditures were almost three times as high for the institutionalized as compared to the noninstitutionalized. The bulk of the difference in prescription drug expenditure among the aged subgroup was found to be due to a much higher level of psychotropic drug use among the institutionalized. Data from a sample of aged in a day health program raises questions about the appropriateness of this level of psychotropic drug use.

Aged↗
PubMed1976

Sexual knowledge and attitudes of institutionalized and noninstitutionalized retarded adolescents.

Sixty-one noninstitutionalized and 60 institutionalized mentally retarded adolescents were psychometrically assessed on three measures: sexual knowledge, sexual attitudes, and self-concept. The two groups differed on total score on sex knowledge only, with the non institutionalized group being more knowledgeable. With regard to sexual attitudes and self-concept, the two groups did not differ in terms of total correct statements. Internal consistency demonstrated on all the measures ranged from .50 to .90. Intercorrelations of relevant variables for each group (10 for the noninstitutionalized, 13 for the institutionalized) produced several significant correlations. Results were discussed with reference to the development of a standardized instrument for assessing sex-education programs for mentally retarded persons.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1977

A comprehensive, interdisciplinary approach to the care of the institutionalized person with epilepsy.

This report summarizes the experience of a comprehensive, interdisciplinary pilot program for improved care of institutionalized persons with epilepsy. From a hospital population of nearly 3,000 persons with diseases of the nervous system, virtually all having varying degrees of retardation, 892 persons were identified as epileptic and classified by seizure frequency: 13% uncontrolled, 24% partially controlled, and 63% controlled. These three categories were similar in respect to levels of retardation and functional disability. The project personnel consisted of a full-time nurse specialist in epilepsy, a part-time health resource analyst, and neurological consultants. Effects on health status were identified by comparing demographic and health data collected during the project. The typical patient was an adult epileptic, functioning at a severely to profoundly retarded level and institutionalized for over 15 years. A significant reduction in anticonvulsant toxicity was observed. A 48% decrease in episodes of status epilepticus and a 73% decrease in the number of seizure-related deaths were demonstrated. During the second year, 23% of the uncontrolled group, representing all retardation levels, became seizure free. In addition to improved care, an effective model for dealing with institutionalized epileptics is proposed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Platelet monoamine oxidase activity in schizophrenia. Relationship to disease, treatment, institutionalization and outcome.

A study was made of platelet monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity in non-medicated, newly-admitted schizophrenics and institutionalized chronic schizophrenics both on and off medication. These patients were compared to two control groups: normal subjects and brain-damaged institutionalized patients. No relationship was found between platelet MAO activity and the severity or duration of illness, duration of psychotropic medication, presence of auditory hallucinations or institutionalization. Mean platelet MAO activity did not differ significantly between the schizophrenic subgroups and control groups. Thirty-one patients studied before and after treatment with phenothiazines showed no significant change in platelet MAO activity. The findings did not indicate a relationship between schizophrenia, its treatment or outcome and platelet MAO activity.

Antipsychotic Agents↗
PubMed1975

Perceived latitude of choice of institutionalized and noninstitutionalized elderly women.

An Importance, Locus and Range of Activities Checklist, designed to assess self-perceived latitude of choice, a self concept and a life satisfaction scale were administered to 25 institutionalized and 25 noninstitutionalized elderly females. The checklist contained statements about 37 activities of daily living which subjects rated for personal importance and degree of choice available to them. The derived latitude of choice score was based jointly on importance and choice ratings for each activity. Institutionalized respondents, living in a relatively restrictive environment, earned significantly lower latitude of choice scores than did noninstitutionalized subjects. Latitude of choice, self concept and life satisfaction scores were significantly correlated. These findings attest to the appropriateness of the technique used to assess perceived latitude of choice. Modifications of the Importance, Locus and Range of Activities Checklist designed to provide a more profound measure of latitude of choice and to improve the applicability of the scale to different categories of respondents were discussed.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1992

Oral health conditions and denture treatment needs in institutionalized elderly people in Japan.

Oral health conditions, including dental conditions, temporomandibular joint (TMJ) conditions, denture status, and oral hygiene status, were assessed on 1908 institutionalized elderly people 65 yr of age and older at 29 of the 30 existing institutions in the city of Kitakyushu, Japan. The percentage of edentulous people was 27% in the 65-74-yr-old group, and increased with age to 56% in the 85 yr and older group. In dentate persons, the mean number of remaining teeth and DF teeth were 13.4 and 8.6, 9.5 and 6.8, and 8.4 and 6.5 in the groups aged 65-74 yr old, 75-84 yr old, and 85 yr and older, respectively. 81% of all the persons examined had no unusual symptoms in their TMJ. A clicking sound was the most frequent symptom (17%). Hygiene of both their teeth and dentures was very poor. Of all the subjects, 36% needed new full and/or partial denture(s), and 41% needed only repair. When the institutionalized elderly people were compared according to their general health condition, no clear differences were observed in percentage of edentulousness, mean number of remaining teeth and DF teeth, and TMJ conditions. However, a higher level of both untreated teeth and denture treatment needs, and poorer oral hygiene, was found in elderly people having poor general health than was observed in those with better health.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aged↗
PubMed1977

Adolescent Rorschach responses as a function of age at first institutionalization.

To test the hypothesis that age of first separation from a home environment is a factor in the emotional health of institutionalized boys, Rorschach protocols of 82 residents of Saint Francis Vocational School, a facility for deprived nondelinquent nonretarded youth aged 10 to 18, were examined. Seven Rorschach variables were used as dependent variables of emotional status. It was found that boys who had first been institutionized before age 10 gave more color-dominant and pure color responses (p less than .005), and more responses with pathological overtones (p less than .005), than did youth first placed at ages 10 to 13 or ages 14 to 17. Fixation was proposed as the basis for the group differences.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Drinking patterns of institutionalized and noninstitutionalized Wyoming youth.

The drinking attitudes and patterns among institutionalized and noninstitutionalized Wyoming youth were examined. The majority appeared generally to support a norm of approval of drinking but those institutionalized for antisocial behavior were more likely to drink often, to become drunk and to have gotten into trouble with parents or the police because of drinking.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[A survey on urinary incontinence in the institutionalized elderly].

A survey on urinary incontinence in 161 (41 male, 120 female) institutionalized elderly was independently performed by urologists and attending nurses. Urinary incontinence was found in 107 cases (66%), with 76 cases (47%) suffering from severe leakage (more than 5 times a day and needs diaper). The prevalences of incontinence and severe leakage were 63% and 52% at geriatric hospitals, 59% and 29% at intermediate care centers and 78% and 63% at nursing homes, respectively. The risk factors for incontinence were consciousness disturbance, urinary urgency, impaired mobility and dementia, and those for severe leakage were apathy, loss of urinary sensation, dementia and impaired mobility. The type of incontinence was considered functional one in 81% of cases. The agreement of the incontinence type evaluated by urologists and that by nurses was found in 90% of incontinent cases. Incontinence was estimated "incurable" in 54% of cases by attending nurses. These observations indicate a high prevalence of severe and "incurable" incontinence in the institutionalized elderly, urgently warranting an effective remedy for the increasing aged society.

Aged↗
PubMed1976

Responses to frustration: comparison of institutionalized and noninstitutionalized retarded adolescents and nonretarded children and adolescents.

Thirty adolescents (10 institutionalized retarded, 10 noninstitutionalized retarded, 10 nonretarded CA-matched) and 10 children (nonretarded MA-matched) were individually given the Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration Study (Children's Form). Responses were scored for direction of blame and reaction type, yielding nine frustration response categories. Three of the nine response categories showed significant group relationships. Retardation, institutionalization, and CA were all found to have an effect on responding, although analysis of response profiles showed all groups to be very similar in response pattern.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Generalized expectancy, situational perception, and morale among institutionalized aged.

This article was based on a larger study which sought to identify selected personality and situational variables that contribute to high morale of the institutionalized elderly. The relationship of generalized expectancy of control and perceived situational control to morale of the institutionalized aged was examined within a framework developed for the study. Locus of control, self-report, trust, self-rated health, and the Revised Philadelphia Geriatric Morale scales as well as a situational control of daily activities (SCDA) interview schedule were administered individually to 30 residents, aged 65 to 96, in four skilled nursing facilities. Congruence between internal orientation and self-determined SCDA resulted in higher morale than incongruence; however, congruence between external orientation and other-determined situations resulted in lower morale than incongruence.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1979

Language differences between institutionalized and noninstitutionalized retarded children.

The linguistic performances of 15 noninstitutionalized and 15 institutionalized retarded children were compared on usage of grammatical categories and structure of spoken language (Length--Complexity Index) and for underlying subskills (Illinois Test of Psycholinguistic Abilities). Differences were not found between the groups for usage of grammatical categories or structures but were found for subskills of Auditory Reception. Auditory Sequential Memory, Verbal Expression, and Auditory Closure. Further analysis by multiple stepwise regression indicated that noninstitutionalized and institutionalized retarded children may be differentiated by examining a number of linguistic variables. The grammatical structure of language appeared less affected by environment than were the semantic and auditory elements.

Adolescent↗