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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

Program integrity as a moderator of prevention program effectiveness: results for fifth-grade students in the adolescent alcohol prevention trial.

This study reports the results of a test of the quality of program delivery (program integrity) as a variable that may moderate the effectiveness of alcohol prevention programs. Two theory-based programs, Resistance Training and Normative Education, were delivered to fifth-grade students who were then tested on program relevant mediating variables. Resistance Training was found to improve students' knowledge of peer pressure resistance strategies, their performance on a behavioral assessment of peer pressure resistance skills and the manifestation of their future intentions to drink alcohol. Normative Education was found to improve students' perceptions of a conservative norm regarding alcohol use, facilitated their belief that refusing unwanted offers to drink alcohol could be easily accomplished and reduced their perceptions of the prevalence of alcohol use. Program integrity was measured by program specialists who taught the programs to students and by trained observers. Ratings of program integrity were found to significantly moderate outcomes for three of seven mediating variables. Affected were knowledge of peer pressure resistance strategies, behavioral pressure resistance skills and perceived self-efficacy. These results suggest that the quality of program delivery and reception may play an important moderating function on prevention program effectiveness.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Glucose intolerance as contributor to noncommunicable disease morbidity and mortality. WHO integrated program for community health in noncommunicable diseases.

The World Health Organization (WHO) has considerable evidence that several interrelated factors (e.g., smoking, hypertension, cholesterol, and obesity) contribute to total mortality. Data are presented documenting that glucose intolerance is also a risk factor for total mortality, as well as for cancer and cardiovascular morality. The Kaunas-Rotterdam Intervention Study, which documented glucose tolerance and mortality in a cohort of men, shows a linear increase in total mortality with increasing blood glucose levels. By use of multiple logistic regressions, glucose was shown to be a significant risk factor (c = .2534, t = 4.0) for total mortality. A paradigm is presented in which diabetes is placed as a disease and glucose intolerance as a risk factor within the total scheme for the development of noncommunicable diseases. The WHO action plan for integrated programs in noncommunicable diseases is discussed. The program expands on the experience gained by WHO investigators in community programs and proposes a cooperative effort globally in community-based programming.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A sensory-integration program for blind campers.

An occupational therapy pilot program with emphasis on sensory integration was introduced into a six-week day camp for 18 blind children. The therapist screened and assessed the children through a number of tests that did not require sight. A treatment session was held five mornings each week that stressed individual therapy, and involved balance, movement, and body form concepts. The campers' performance improved in vestibular integration, in lessening of fear of movement, and, in some, in improved integration of reflexes. Plans have been made to continue the program in succeeding summers.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Evaluation of the effectiveness of a structured breast-feeding promotion program integrated into a Maternal and Child Health service in Jerusalem.

A community program for promotion of breast-feeding integrated into the Maternal and Child Health (MCH) services is presented and evaluated, using two quasi-experimental designs, comparison groups and time trends. The program, which began in 1981, included guidance from the 7th month of pregnancy to 6 months post-delivery. An increase in the percentage of breast-feeding mothers and the duration of breast-feeding was noted in the post-intervention cohorts (1981-82 and 1985) compared with the preintervention cohorts (1979-81). The comparison of the breast-feeding pattern of the 1985 birth cohort from the MCH service exposed to the program with a similar group receiving routine MCH care indicated that the percentage of mothers breast-feeding fully or partially was consistently higher among the intervention group compared with the control group at 4, 13 and 26 weeks (P = 0.0045), and the mean duration of full breast-feeding was 9.3 weeks compared with 7.0 weeks (P = 0.028). The program had a greater effect on mothers with a lower educational standard, thus closing the gap in the breast-feeding pattern by educational level in the intervention group. The evaluation indicates that a structured breast-feeding promotion program is more effective than the routine guidance received in the MCH service.

Breast Feeding↗
PubMed1986

[Planned dairy herd health II. An integrated gynecological program].

Integrated gynaecological programmes play an extremely important role in total herd health control by ensuring the maintenance of optimal reproduction and production. The economic implications of reduced breeding efficiency manifest in, and are reflected by total lifetime milk production, the size of the calf drop, the availability of replacement animals and increased involuntary culling rate. Measured against production costs (feed, labour and veterinary expenses), lowered reproductive efficiency erodes the margin of profitability of the farming enterprise. Herd health programmes must be well planned, stringently implemented and regularly evaluated to ensure their effectiveness. To this end they must be based on simple and practical guidelines which can be adapted as required to cope with varied farming and management conditions. This paper outlines the setting of clear objectives, factors to consider during the introductory phasing in of an integrated gynaecological programme and details of each subsequent routine visit. Ideal objectives are presented and discussed in terms of the individual animal as well as the herd. Suggested figures for each parameter are given. The significance of oestrus observation is stressed as cardinal to the attainment of many of the set objectives. The significance of calf management as the nucleus of the production of a healthy heifer replacement herd is discussed. During the introductory phase, which can be a protracted period, the foundation for routine visits is laid. Herd structure is defined, facilities are evaluated, record systems are set up and the farmer is groomed as to his role in the successful implementation of the planned programme. The value of a control questionnaire is highlighted, and factors considered are set out. The method of the routine gynaecological programme is discussed in detail. The necessity for a standard examination list is set out and the various categories of cows to be examined on each routine visit is clearly outlined, with important factors relating to each being highlighted. Examples of the various forms used are given. Evaluation of the acquired data should be done immediately, and discussed with the farmer during the current visit. Findings can be compared with those of previous visits, analysed, and recommendations may be considered immediately in consultation with the farmer. Dairy farming is a highly complex farming enterprise involving large capital outlays, intensification of labour and astute management for optimal and economic production.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Animal Husbandry↗
PubMed1989

[Influenza vaccination: evaluation of an integrated program in a basic urban health area].

We have evaluated the fulfillment of the aims of an integrated influenza vaccination program for a basic urban health area. We have focused the analysis on the vaccine coverage for age and sex groups, groups of risk modifiers and risk gradient. We have evaluated the most adequate method of call. Overall coverage was 64.6%. This rate was higher in risk groups such as diabetes, heart disease and chronic airflow limitation. Rates of 74.9%, 81.8% and 94.11% were achieved in groups with two, three and four risk modifiers. The direct call was considered the most effective method of catchment. The major conclusion was that the attempted coverage rates were not achieved. We suggest that the "non-vaccinated" individual profile should be investigated and the motivation level of the health professionals should be improved to increase the yield of the influenza vaccination programs.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Stomatological component in the integrated program of prevention of non-infectious chronic diseases in the Latvian S.S.R. 3. Elaboration of the primary prevention program for essential stomatological diseases].

The stomatological component draft of the integrated programme regarding the prophylaxis of non-infectious chronic diseases in the Latvian SSR is shown. Authors describe the aims and tasks, the criteria regarding the attainment of objects, the strategy, the levels of action, the basic methods, the contingent, the stomatological component, the stages of introduction of the established measures and the plans of scientific research to be carried out in the framework of the proposed draft.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Implementation of an integrated program of prevention of chronic nonspecific diseases in the Kaĭshiador region of the Lithuanian SSR].

An integrated prevention programme of chronic noncommunicable diseases (CND) was started by the Lithuanian SSR in 1983. Improvement of population's health status due to primary preventive activities aimed at prevention of risk factors' development and correction was defined as the basic long-term goal of the programme. Organizational aspects of the integrated programme carried out in the Kaishyador Region of the Lithuanian SSR were described. Some results obtained during the implementation of the programme on prevalence and correction of major CND risk factors were presented.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Stomatological component of the integrated program for the prevention of non-infectious chronic diseases in the Latvian S.S.R. 2. Experience in the application of preventive measures against dental caries and periodontal diseases in children of the Latvian S.S.R].

A 3-year study of the efficacy of the complex prophylaxis system of stomatological diseases in children showed that the severity of dental caries, according to the CFE index, diminished by 65.6 per cent in the children included in the clinical trial and by 23.5 per cent in the children undergoing mass examination. In order to increase the efficacy of prophylactic measures, the stomatological component will be included in the integrated prophylaxis programme of non-infectious chronic diseases, which will be carried out in the Latvian SSR under the auspices of the WHO.

Child↗
PubMed1976

A complex cardio-diagnostic program integrating radiocardiography and radiocyclography with haemodynamic studies.

The general lines of radiocardiographic practice in the framework of rehabilitation of cardiac patients based on 15 years experience are summed up. The basic technical elements of the scheme were: integration of the radiocyclographic method and of nuclear procedures with the traditional diagnostic investigations, with microcatheterization, co-ordination of the loading principle in the form of exercise tolerance tests with the radiocardiographic and radiocyclographic routine, adaptation of digital data collection and storing for off-line computer analysis, extension of the data collecting system of the radioisotope laboratory to the adjoining intensive care unit. In a group of middle-aged patients with earlier transmural infarction being on a rehabilitation training program the responses to loading were similar to those of a control group formed by normal aged males. In the patients having had artificial valve implantation or mitral commissurotomy, a favourable progress in terms of the New York Heart Association (NYHA) rating was demonstrable, the most informative parameter of assessment having been the distribution of effective circulating blood volume in the central circulation. Moreover, an increase in stroke volume at rest as well as in response to loading was demonstrable within 1--2 months after operation and also 3 1/2 years later. The diagnostic value of the 133Xe-technique for the measurement of ventilation and perfusion of the upper and lower regions of the lung was confined to patients with mitral stenosis or mitral valvular disease.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The dental component of the integrated program of preventing chronic noninfectious diseases in the Latvian SSR. I. Epidemiologic study of dental caries and periodontal diseases in the whole population of the Latvian SSR].

The frequency and severity of dental caries and periodontal diseases among the population of the Latvian SSR, as well as the risk factors which contribute to the development of these morbid processes were studied. It was found that dental caries are present in 98 per cent of pupils aged 12 years, the CFE index (Caries Filling Extraction Index) representing 6.7. Among adolescent aged 15 years, a healthy periodontium and a good hygienic state of the oral cavity were found only in 2 per cent. Taking into account the high frequency of these diseases, the primary prophylaxis programme of dental caries and periodontopathies was included as a component in the integrated WHO programme of prevention and control of noninfectious chronic diseases in the Latvian SSR.

Age Factors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

DiaKin: an integrated program package for hemodialysis kinetics.

A flexible program for the IBM PC performing a number of calculations of relevance for the prescription of hemodialysis treatment has been developed. The program has a 'spreadsheet'-like user-friendly interface, and results may be presented graphically. The present implementation covers 89 algorithms/equations, all based on the assumption of single-pool kinetics. Some of these are detailed for the first time, including considerations on their implementation using a generalizing, structured approach.

Algorithms↗