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PubMedDate not supplied

Nursing code of ethics: an international comparison.

In her worldwide search for a code of ethics to provide guidelines for professional practice, Linda Sawyer found that the codes of health care professionals were disappointing, mainly because they did not provide thoughtful and provocative discussion of the bioethical issues faced by the practitioner. Many organizations deal with controversial issues through the informal mechanism of policy statements, rather than through the more formal, rigid, public and political process needed to amend a code of ethics. While other professional organizations focus on commercial aspects of practice or are silent on ethical issues. Below, an analysis of the codes of selected national nurses' associations.

Bioethical Issues↗
PubMed1994

Ethics and research in nursing.

Considering the importance of research in the development of nursing, we examine the ethical principles governing nurses' investigative activity, as well as the different codes regulating biomedical investigation with human beings, amongst which are the Nuremberg Code, the Declaration of Human Rights, and the Declaration of Helsinki. From the perspective of the central points of the article reference is made to different codes proposed by international nursing associations, as well as reviewing the Deontological Code of Spanish Nursing. The ethical principles a nurse has to bear in mind in research are analysed, with respect to patients, society and the profession. Finally, we refer to certain ethical aspects to be considered in the elaboration and development of a research project, as well as publication of the results.

Codes of Ethics↗
PubMedDate not supplied

How nurses approach ethical problems in Turkey.

Previously, nurse's adherence to ethical standards meant obedience to the physician and loyalty to the hospital; now, however, it means following ethical standards and rules set forth by professional codes of ethics. The International Council of Nurses' Code for Nurses (1973) has been the model for professional codes of ethics in countries throughout the world. Using ICN's Code as a framework, a study was conducted in 1993 to find out how nurses in Turkey respond to ethical dilemmas. Below, a summary of the findings.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

An ethical dilemma: who should know and who should tell.

According to the International Code for Nurses "The nurse holds in confidence personal information and uses judgment in sharing this information" (Guido, 1997, p. 390). Disclosing information involves using judgment. Who should know and who should tell the children when the parent is terminally ill is the focus of this family case study.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Ethics in nursing.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Bioethical Issues↗
PubMed1994

[Error ratio in International Classification of Diseases coding and implementation of the nursing personnel regulation of the Health Organization Law].

Since 1 January, 1993, it has been a legal requirement to enter, for identification of the main diagnosis, the appropriate code from the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) on the documentation forms of the Nursing Personnel Regulation as prescribed under the (German Federal Government's) Health Organization Law. This study was undertaken to analyse the frequency of errors in this coding and the reasons for it. The data of the Nursing Personnel Regulations during the first 6 months of 1993 were compared with the corresponding entries in the diagnostic archives. In 671 of 2308 analysed forms (29%) coding errors were discovered. The rate of errors was especially high in the areas of cardiology (39%), angiology (37%), nephrology (36%) and neurology (35%). However, a high percentage of the wrong codings for cardiological and nephrological diseases were still within the same diagnostic field.--These findings indicate that, to ensure quality, those doctors who do the coding should be fully informed about the potential consequences regarding staffing of such errors. All coding must be done by experienced doctors, be locally checked and, if technically possible, compared with the diagnostic archive entries. Also, the registration of only one main diagnosis is not sensible in the case of patients with multi-organ disease.

Disease↗
PubMed2000

[Knowledge of professional rules of ethics among professional nurses].

During recent years numerous publications on ethical issues appeared in German nursing literature. Nursing theorists repeatedly refer to the Code of Ethics of the International Council of Nursing (ICN). The implementation of codes of ethics is discussed as an indispensable stage within the development of independent nursing ethics. However, it is not clear whether nurses in Germany know about the ICN Code of Ethics or other codes of ethics. The authors' objective is to learn more about how much is known about codes of ethics by practical nurses in four selected hospitals. In addition, it is of interest to know, which advantages nurses might associate with codes of ethics and secondly from which sources nurses prefer to receive ethical education. The study shows that only 25% of the participants know about codes of ethics. It also reveals that further education offered by hospitals or the basic nursing education are seen as the most important source of information related to ethics. The major advantage of codes of ethics seen by the participants is to provide guidance in the decision-making process of ethical dilemma situations in nursing. Secondly the Code of Ethics is regarded as a useful framework to define obligations and rights of nurses in the relationship with patients and relatives. The results of the study indicate that the ICN Code of Ethics is practically unknown among nurses and should be discussed more extensively by practical nurses and nursing theorists.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed2000

A professional code of ethics provides guidance for genetic nursing practice.

While ethical quandaries and dilemmas are commonplace for nurses, recent advances in human genetics have and will continue to create new challenges and controversies. Throughout time, nursing has been an ethical endeavour, with nurses viewing the ethical mandates of their responsibilities on a par with other core dimensions of their professional life. The (American) profession's code of ethics, Code for nurses with interpretive statements, provides direction for practice and for the fulfillment of ethical obligations. The explication of these ethical norms and values that shape professional practice is necessary as nurses confront the integration of genetic services into health care. The goal of preserving professional integrity and ethical soundness in the context of genetic health care mandates that nurses rely on and act upon the profession's national and international codes of ethics.

American Nurses' Association↗