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Political neutrality and international cooperation in medicine.

International cooperation is an integral part of furthering medical and scientific progress. Many specilist societies exist for that purpose and have written into their constitutions that such cooperation and coordination is their aim. They hope to achieve their aims by exchange, in all languages, of information and by so doing strengthen the relations between individual physicians and scentists as well as between corporate professional bodies from different countries. However, at the same time emphasis is laid on the political neutrality of such organsations. Increasingly, this 'neutrality' is being questioned as doctors and scientists become aware of abuse and distortion of their profession taking place in other countries. H Merskey highlights the problems and offers his opinion on the ethics of maintaining these professional relationships with colleagues abroad who are involved in such abuse and distortion.

Ethics, Medical

Biochemical reconstruction of three cases of death--results of international cooperation.

Biochemical serotonin and histamine determinations were applied to the reconstruction of three suspected homicide cases. To distinguish between ante-mortem and post-mortem wounds and to time the ante-mortem injuries the concentrations of free histamine and serotonin in the wound samples and in the control samples from neighbouring intact skin were examined. The results of these biochemical determinations allowed a reconstruction of the events and one of the three cases was shown to be suicide instead of homicide. The methods can be used at least during the first 4--5 days after death and sometimes even longer. This allows for international cooperation when investigating and reconstructing complicated cases of death.

Adult

International cooperation to collect obstetric data.

Reported are preliminary results of an international collection of data initiated by FIGO. Data of 33.000 deliveries in 19 countries, five countries each in South America, Africa, and Asia and four in Europe provided a good basis for comparison and called attention to shortcomings in each individual country and to the need for more progress in obstetric treatment. - Sociological and demographic items in a questionnaire bring into focus the importance of both family planning and sexual education. - The authors consider this data collection a preliminary study for modernisation of Tauffer Statistics.

Africa