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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1975

Evaluation of an interviewer as a function of interviewer gaze, reinforcement of subject gaze, and interviewer attractiveness.

Male subjects were interviewed by female interviewers who gazed constantly, intermittently, or not at all. Experimental subjects were reinforced with green light feedback whenever they gazed at the interviewers and were punished with red light feedback when they averted gaze for more than 6 seconds. Control subjects received noncontingent green and red light feedback. Although gaze of experimental subjects toward the interviewers was increased significantly, their attitudes toward the interviewers remained the same. This was probably because the subjects did not discriminate that their gazing behavior had changed. Subjects gave the most unfavorable reactions to the nongazing interviewers, rating them as least attractive, giving them the shortest answers, and sitting farthest from them during the debriefing session. Subjects did not discriminate between high and low attractive interviewers, except that the latter were rated disproportionately low on attentiveness if they did not gaze. Interviewers with high rates of talking were preferred over interviewers with low rates of talking. It was concluded that interpersonal attraction is related to gaze and physical attractiveness through a number of mediating variables which will have to be isolated more specifically in future research.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

The predictive utility of behavior-based interviewing compared with traditional interviewing in the selection of radiology residents.

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: This study compares the predictive use of measures based on traditional faculty and resident interviews of residency applicants with measures obtained through behavior-based interviewing. A special emphasis was placed on predicting residents' noncognitive abilities. METHODS: One hundred fifty-one resident applicants, over a 3-year period, were interviewed using standard interviews by faculty and residents. These residents also were interviewed with an experimental behavior-based accomplishment interview. Four years later, during their diagnostic radiology residency, evaluations of performance were gathered on these applicants from their residency director. RESULTS: Results indicated that scores based on responses given during the accomplishment interviews added considerable predictive utility to the low prediction demonstrated by traditional interviews. CONCLUSIONS: These findings imply that improving unstructured faculty and resident interviews to obtain, in a more rigorous manner, desired information about noncognitive abilities may be a key to successful resident selection.

Behavior↗
PubMed1979

Interviewer effects in psychiatric epidemiology: a study of medical and lay interviewers and their impact on reported symptoms.

Utilizing data from a field study of psychiatric disorder, the study examined sex differences in patterns of response to interviewers in contrasting status positions. The dependent variables in the analysis were mean scores on nosological scales measuring three dimensions of symptomotology identified in a factor analysis. Independent variables were interviewer status and respondent sex. Three categories of interviewers were randomly assigned to administer a structured interview schedule. Strong interaction effects between interviewer status and respondent sex were noted. Women disclosed significantly fewer symptoms to the high status interviewers (identified physicians), whereas males reported most symptoms to this group. Theoretical explanations derived from the literature on sex roles were offered regarding the origins of women's response to high status figures.

Behavior↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The delirium symptom interview: an interview for the detection of delirium symptoms in hospitalized patients.

To study delirium in hospitalized elderly, a delirium symptom interview (DSI) was developed by an interdisciplinary group of investigators. This interview was administered in an acute care hospital to 50 patients who were over the age of 65 years. Results from the interview were compared to assessments of major symptoms of delirium made independently by a neurologist and a psychiatrist. This interview had good validity and reliability. The sensitivity of the DSI was .90 and the specificity was .80, when compared with the clinical judgment of a psychiatrist and neurologist. Interrater reliability, using lay interviewers, was .90 for the detection of major symptoms of delirium. These results indicate that the DSI could be used by lay interviewers to assess reliably the symptoms of delirium.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Teaching medical interviewing. A basic course on interviewing and the physician-patient relationship.

Recent advances in educational theory and methodology have made it possible to teach medical interviewing with as much rigor as other clinical skills. We describe a first-semester, first-year medical student course that effectively teaches basic interviewing skills. This course provides faculty development, small group learning, detailed faculty and student coursebooks, and an interview checklist that delineates specific interviewing skills and content areas, serving as a template for teaching, practice, and feedback. Students have many opportunities for practice in role play and with patients, followed by feedback by self, peers, and faculty. Use of audiotape and videotape reviews enhances the learning experience. This article describes our course, suggests educational principles and standards for the teaching of medical interviewing, and presents educational research demonstrating significant gains in students' skills associated with improvement in standardized patient satisfaction.

Education, Medical, Undergraduate↗
PubMed1992

Interviews with anti-HIV-positive individuals detected through the systematic screening of blood donations: consequences on predonation medical interview.

This study is based upon interviews with 74 individuals found to be human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-seropositive through the screening of blood donations between January 1988 and December 1990. The donation history and the risk factor of HIV infection were established. Questions about the use of blood donation as a diagnostic test and on the notion of a predonation medical interview evoking the risk factor were asked. The majority of the individuals had a risk factor of HIV infection and had given their blood for serological testing. This data can help to adapt the predonation medical interview to the present epidemiological context of HIV infection. The improvement of this interview will contribute to the decrease of the residual transfusional risk of HIV infection.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

An interview with Nancy L. Johnson and Patricia Schroeder. Interview by Carmella A. Bocchino.

In the U.S. Congress--440 members in the House and 100 members in the Senate--only 31 are women (29 House and 2 Senate members). This year over 100 women are seeking seats in the Congress, many are campaigning for governor, and still others are running for state and local offices. Women candidates are generally seen as outsiders who symbolize change and inspire a new vision for the future. This interview highlights two incumbent members of the House of Representatives, Nancy L. Johnson (R-CT) and Patricia Schroeder (D-CO), and their views on women's health, family medical leave, and future changes in the U.S. health care system.

Health Policy↗
PubMed1992

An interview with ANA president Lucille A. Joel: nursing's eye toward current and future health care issues. Interview by Marilyn L. Neff.

After two terms as president of the American Nurses Association (ANA), Lucille A. Joel, EdD, RN, FAAN, keynote speaker for ANNA's 23rd National Symposium in Chicago, will share her thoughts on nursing's future role in health care. In this interview, conducted by ANNA President Marilyn L. Neff, MBA, RN, CNN, Dr. Joel discussed current and future issues such as unity among nursing, Nursing's Agenda for Health Care Reform, collective bargaining, equity in workplace settings, community nursing organizations, and nursing faculty shortages.

American Nurses' Association↗
PubMed1992

HCMR interview: Carolyn C. Roberts. Interview by Barbara P. McCool.

Carolyn C. Roberts--researcher, health care administrator, American Hospital Association board member--is a role model for women health care executives. As president of Copley Hospital in Morrisville, Vermont, Carolyn has provided national leadership on health care reform and the management of small and rural hospitals. Her creative and positive approach to life coupled with her sensitivity to serving patients and the community with quality service provides inspiration to many health administrators, physicians, and community leaders. The following interview is a tribute to a dear friend and a great lady.

American Hospital Association↗
PubMed1992

HCMR interview: Pat N. Groner. Interview by Montague Brown.

Pat N. Groner, President Emeritus, Baptist Health Care, Pensacola, Florida, is a man of ideas and action. Pat has ably led his hospital, was founder of the Hospital Research and Development Institute and Voluntary Hospitals of America, and is now a leader in higher education. Whenever and wherever Pat sees an opportunity to improve things, he jumps in with a hundred ideas, most of them real winners. He engages others and fights for constructive change. For all who seek models for the full life well lived, look at Pat Groner.

Academies and Institutes↗