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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1975

Studies on small intestinal obstruction. II. Blood flow, vascular resistance, capillary filtration, and oxygen consumption in denervated small bowel after obstruction.

Intestinal circulation was studied during in vitro perfusion of denervated small intestine of the cat shortly after release of an in vivo small-bowel obstruction. Blood flow, vascular resistance, capillary filtration, and oxygen consumption were determined. No significant differences were demonstrated between obstructed and non-obstructed intestines. The presently studied facets of small-bowel microcirculation thus exhibit a virtually normal function 30 minutes after decompression of a bowel obstruction. The pertinent literature affords evidence that a distension impairs bowel viability; it would seem that this impairment is rapidly ameliorated following decompression of the bowel.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Intestinal obstruction in pregnancy.

Intestinal obstruction is an unusual complication of pregnancy, but may be encountered more frequently in the future. Two patients with such a complication are described. Relief of the obstruction was achieved by surgical intervention in one patient and by delivery of a term baby in the other. The management of intestinal obstruction in late pregnancy is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Acute distal intestinal obstruction in gnotobiotic rats. Intestinal morphology and cell renewal.

1. Complete mechanical obstruction of the distal small intestine was produced in gnotobiotic rats. 72 h after the operation small intestinal morphology and epithelial cell renewal were investigated proximal and distal to the site of obstruction. 2. Proximal to the site of obstruction there were minor changes in villus height, base length and in villus cell number, a large increase in depth and diameter of the crypts and an approximately threefold increase in cell renewal. 3. Distal to the site of obstruction there were no differences between the intestines of rats with obstruction and controls. 4. The apparent lack of secretion by the goblet cells and the reduced number of intraepithelial leucocytes suggest that the barrier function of the small intestine is impaired in obstruction.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

[Serum enzyme activities in intestinal obstruction].

In patients with intestinal obstruction, nine of the enzymes usually studied in liver diagnostics were determined before and after operation. Intestinal obstruction causes reversible changes in the liver and in hepatic metabolism; they normalize after relief of the obstruction.

Clinical Enzyme Tests↗
PubMed1978

Experimental studies on fluid pathophysiology in small intestinal obstruction in the rat. V. Effects of intraluminal hyperosmolality and simultaneous intravenous infusions on the experimentally obstructed and decompressed small intestine.

An influx of fluid into the lumen of the intestine similar to that seen in simple obstructional ileus may be provoked by introducing a hyperosmolal glucose solution into the bowel. In the otherwise intact small intestine the effect of this influx of fluid will be in accordance with a simple dilution curve. The intestinal mucosa thus functions in the manner of a semipermeable membrane permitting only hypo-osmolal fluids to enter the intestinal lumen and in amounts independent of parenteral fluid infusions, regardless of osmolality. This relationship persists even after the intestine has been totally obstructed for 3 days. The influx of fluid has the same principal characteristics, and the only limiting factor on the magnitude of this fluid shift to the intestine is the lack of fluids resulting from the marked dehydration of the organism due to ileus. Prerequisites for this are normal epithelial function and normal mucosal circulation. Thus it is clear that the organism in general and the small intestine in particular, even when exposed to prolonged obstruction, are still able to counteract intraluminal hyperosmolality by dilution with hypo-osmolal fluid.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

[Diagnosis and treatment of intestinal obstruction caused by cholelithiasis].

Cholelithic intestinal obstruction was observed in 7 (4.7%) of 150 patients operated upon for intestinal obstruction of non-tumor origin. The patients' age ranged from 56 to 82 years. The patients were admitted within the terms from 1 to 21 days since the onset of the disease. All patients were subjected to surgical therapy. In one case a duodenal concretion was removed, and cholecystectomy was performed. In the remainder a bile stone was removed from the small intestine. In one of these patients the intestinal segment changed pathologically being resected with an end-to end anastomosis. Three patients died: two--from peritonitis and one--from pulmonary artery embolism.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1975

Effect of acute intestinal obstruction on the leakage of albumin from blood into the small intestine.

The effect of a simple, low intestinal obstruction has been investigated in dogs on the leakage of 131I-serum albumin from the circulation into the intestine. An increase leakage has been demonstrated. In the distended segment of the intestine above that ligation a significant increase in protein-bound radioactivity, from the normal value of 0.082 plus or minus 0.012 ml/10 cm intestine/hour to 0.276 plus or minus 0.068 ml/10 cm intestine/hour, was obseved which means a more than 3fold increase. The values for albumin leakage did not change in the more proximal segments of the intestine less involved in the distension namely in the duodenum and the jejunum, furthermore in the ileal segment below the ligation. The increase in albumin liadage observed during intestinal obstruction resulted in 33% rise of total catabolism.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1977

Bypass operation for post-cystectomy intestinal obstruction.

A method for an intestinal bypass operation is presented. The procedure has been valuable in patients with post-cystectomy intestinal obstruction who did not respond to non-operative measures. A discussion on the possible means to prevent further obstruction is included.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

Intestinal obstruction in neonates: causes of death.

Infectious complications such a peritonitis, septicaemia and pneumonia are the most important factors causing postoperative death in surgery of intestinal obstruction in children. In a series of 237 patients with intestinal obstruction with 21 fatalities, the percentage of deaths due to infection was 85.7%. In 1967 to 1976, 259.301 children died in Germany, among them 1541 suffering from intestinal obstruction (0.6%); that means 3.1% of the 49.540 patients who died of intestinal obstruction were children. The mortality of intestinal obstruction in infancy and childhood had fallen to one third of the original during this period, but the mortality in newborn infants fell only by 50%. This correlates with the decreasing birth rate, so that the lower death rate due to intestinal obstruction seems to be explained by a lower number of neonates. The literature shows that relative mortality (20%) from intestinal obstruction in the newborn has, however, remained constant during the last 20 years.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1977

[Regional redistributions of the blood in high and low small intestine obstruction].

In the experimental model of high and low obstruction of the small intestine during 24 hours the authors observed considerable shifts in electrolytic blood content. Total amount of circulating blood, compared with control (laparotomy), was not changed. These data allowed a new consideration of the entity of the pathological syndrome in intestinal obstruction.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

[Postoperative intestinal obstruction: introduction (author's transl)].

Postoperative intestinal obstruction is the indication for one-third of early reoperations. Mortality increases with age and time interval. Operations on the lower intestinal tract are predominant among the primary procedures. The main causes of obstruction are adhesions involving the small intestine. Diagnosis requires differentiation from paralytic ileus and physiologic postoperative paralysis. The outcome depends on early recognition, immediate reoperation, and adequate surgical management.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Intestinal obstruction ducts ascarides in childhood].

Intestinal ascariasis is the first among the most frequent parasitosis in Acapulco, Gro. Studying one of its most frequent complications, such as intestinal obstruction or subobstruction, it was found to occupy the 5th place as cause of admission to this service. The number of admissions was 1461 pediatric patients in a year, out of which there were 85 cases with total or partial obstruction due to ascarides. Routine studies were made including plain and barium X-ray plates. With the treatment instituted and adequate management there was no mortality. Only 8 cases required surgery. Stress is placed on X-ray studies to confirm the diagnosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Studies on small intestinal obstruction.

The results of the present study can be summarised by the following answers to the framed questions: (I) Simple small-bowel obstruction in the cat entails predominantly a distension of the intestine, whereas the sustained intraluminal pressure is rather modest, between 5 and 10 mmHg. Spontaneous bowel activity is still present after 72 hours and responds to pharmacologic stimulation (II) Haemodynamic and microcirculatory evaluation in vitro shortly after release of an in vivo obstruction reveals no difference between obstructed and non-obstructed intestine; after decompression, thus any impairment of bowel "viability" caused by obstruction is rapidly ameliorated. (III) A moderate distension of short duration increases regional vascular resistance in non-obstructed intestine but compromises neither capillary filtration rate nor oxygen consumption. Upon a further and considerable distension, both haemodynamic and microcirculatory variables deteriorate in parallel; at an intraluminal pressure of 100mmHg, 30% of the blood flow and probably less than 15% of the perfused capillary surface area are preserved. Thus, the intestinal microcirculation is not interrupted until an 'unphysiologic' distention is applied. (IV) After release of an in vivo obstruction, a considerable distension produces the same circulatory responses as those recorded in non-obstructed intestine, whereas a moderate distension compromises the capillary function in obstructed but not in non-obstructed intestine; it is suggested that this is mainly the result of enhanced bowel-wall distensibility in obstruction. (V) A moderate and sustained distension occasions a 50-60% resistance augmentation in non-obstructed bowel and a 45-50% reduction of the perfused capillary surface area but does not compromise the oxygen uptake; thus, moderate distension involves no threat to bowel microcirculation or 'viability'. The experimental procedure per se entails some degree of resistance augmentation and CFC reduction during a 3-hour perfusion; however, no changes appear during the initial stage, i.e., corresponding to the period of artificial distension...

Animals↗
PubMed1976

[Chyloperitoneum causing intestinal obstruction].

The two cases reported here show intestinal obstruction may occur by coagulation of lymph around the loops. They permit us to better understand the physiopathology of blockage of the lymph vessels whether congenital as in the first case or traumatic as in the second case. Traumatic rupture of the cisterns chyli is exceptional. The histological lesions observed on clamped biopsies show clearly the pathology of protein-losing enteropathy.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Degree of bowel distension on plain-radiographs--a surgical-radiological study of new criteria in mechanical intestinal obstruction.

Three hundred sixty clinical cases which presented with or without mechanical intestinal obstruction were evaluated in order to discover reliable quantitative and qualitative criteria for pre-surgical x-ray diagnoses. It was discovered that small bowel distension of above 1.0 (ratio) together with obvious gas fluid level is usually indicative of small bowel obstruction, while large bowel distension of above 1.5 (ratio) together with obvious gas fluid level is usually indicative of large bowel obstruction. Subsequent surgery confirmed that there exists a correlation between the degree of small bowel distension seen on radiographs prior to surgery and the actual small bowel distension secondary to small bowel obstruction measured during surgery. The present results may be diagnostically useful in the radiological differentiation of mechanical intestinal obstructions from other abdominal conditions.

Humans↗