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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1989

[Comparison of a new specific IgE assay Quidel allergy screen to skin prick test, intradermal test, and RAST].

Quidel Allergy Screen (QAS), an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, has been developed for measuring IgE antibodies against 9 allergens (HD 1, HD 2, Mite 1, Mite 2, Japanese cedar, ragweed, cat dander, sweet vernal grass, and egg white) at the same time. To determine whether this assay is useful in screening allergen-specific IgE antibody, we compared the titers of IgE antibodies against the 9 allergens measured by QAS to the obtained in skin prick tests, in intradermal tests and by RAST in 93 atopic asthmatics and 25 normal subjects. We found a good agreement between the reactivity of skin prick tests and the reactivity of QAS. There was a significant correlation between the threshold doses of intradermal tests and the titers of QAS. We also found a good agreement between the reactivity of RAST and the reactivity of QAS, and a strong correlation between the titers of RAST and the titers of QAS. Thus, it is concluded that QAS is useful in screening IgE antibodies against multiple allergens simultaneously.

Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay↗
PubMed1986

IgG levels after treatment with antigen vials based on the scratch testing, intradermal testing, modified RAST testing.

In this study, there were three groups of patients--each group consisting of four patients. The first group had been skin tested by the scratch method, the second group was skin tested by the end point titration intradermal method, and the third group had been tested for inhalant allergy by the modified RAST technique. All of them had multiple treatment vials made, dependent on the type of testing they had, and the vials all included the ten inhalants that were tested for. All patients had been treated for a year with weekly immunotherapy injections. Specific IgG levels, blocking antibody levels to the ten inhalant allergens, were determined. The results were that the patients who had been scratch tested had the lowest levels of specific IgG blocking antibody--while both intradermal end point titration and modified RAST testing had much higher elevations of blocking IgG antibody, with the RAST having the highest. It is concluded that, since the treatment vials prepared after scratch testing of all the antigens are at the same concentration, there are many antigens that are not given in adequate amounts to cause a good IgG response whereas, by calibrating the concentrations of antigens in the intradermal titration and the modified RAST testing, all the antigens are being injected in sufficient quantities to get a good blocking antibody response.

Desensitization, Immunologic↗
PubMed1985

Diagnosis and immunotherapy of mould allergy. II. Reproducibility and relationship between skin sensitivity estimated by end-point titration and histamine equivalent reaction using skin prick test and intradermal test.

To determine reproducibility and the optimal way of expressing skin sensitivity, simultaneous skin prick tests (SPT) and intradermal tests (ICT) were performed on 25 mould-allergic patients. The patients had a well-documented history of allergy to Cladosporium and Alternaria and were tested with partially purified standardized extracts of these two mould species. Skin prick tests were carried out on the volar side of the forearm and intradermal tests on the backs of the patients. The skin tests were performed as titration using quadruplicate determinations of 10-fold allergen dilutions. The area of the skin reactions measured by planimetry were plotted in a log-log system as a function of the allergen concentration. The reproducibility (SD/mean area X 100%) of the ICTs was significantly higher than that of the SPTs (17% versus 29%). A very low reproducibility was found with wheal areas less than 5 mm2. The dose response curve of the SPT wheal area was steeper than that obtained with ICT, both concerning ICT wheal and flare. Increasing the allergen concentration with a factor 10 resulted in a doubling of the wheal area in SPT, in contrast to a factor 1.7 using ICT. The coefficient of correlation using linear regression on the dose response curve was always higher than 0.9 with SPT and ICT wheal, but significantly lower with ICT flare. Skin sensitivity was estimated as end-point and histamine equivalent reaction. No significant correlation between SPT and ICT end-point titration was found contrary to the histamine equivalent reaction.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Yellow jacket allergy. Comparison of skin prick tests and intradermal tests with three different yellow jacket venom extracts.

The aim of the present study was to compare yellow jacket venom extracts from two different companies and to compare skin prick test (SPT) with intradermal test (IDT). IDT and SPT with yellow jacket venom (ALK and Pharmacia Reless) were performed on 54 yellow jacket allergic patients and 44 symptom-free volunteers. Venom was diluted to 300, 100, 10 and 1 microgram/ml for SPT and 10(0), 10(-1), 10(-2), 10(-3) and 10(-4) micrograms/ml for IDT, according to the manufacturers' instructions. Skin tests were performed on both forearms. Both extracts showed approximately the same relationship between sensitivity and specificity, but the Pharmacia Reless yellow jacket venom extract showed a 5-10 fold higher biological activity in both SPT and IDT. Thus yellow jacket venoms of ALK and Pharmacia Reless are not comparable in allergen activity at the same venom concentrations. Using extracts from the same company, SPT and IDT were comparable with regard to sensitivity and specificity at an allergen concentration 1000 times higher for SPT than for IDT.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

[Value of leukocytic histamine liberation tests and intradermal tests in the diagnosis of anaphylactoid reactions to anesthetic products].

Skin tests and leukocyte histamine release (LHR) were carried out in 14 patients who had presented an anaphylactic reaction during general anaesthesia; they were compared with a control group of 14 normal subjects. Histamine release was measured by a fluorimetric method after contact in vitro between patient's basophils and native drug at various concentrations. More than 10% LHR and a diphasic release curve were considered to be mandatory to certify an anaphylactic origin. The reliability and the specificity of the LHR seemed excellent. The discriminative power between the two groups was statistically significant (p less than 0.0001). Except for two cases, investigated soon after the accident, in which the total histamine level was too low, LHR appeared reliable and its association with skin tests gave the diagnosis of anaphylaxis in 13 of the 14 cases.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Induction of humoral antibodies by a BHV-1 intradermal test].

An intradermal test for the diagnosis of BHV 1 (Intrakutantest Behringwerke AG) was applied to 53 nonvaccinated BHV 1-seronegative cattle aged 7 months to 8 years. Serologic blood testing performed subsequently using ELISA (Enzygnost-IBR/IPV, Behringwerke AG) and SNT revealed seroconversion in 24 of 45 animals without previous maternal antibodies. A second application of the intradermal test after these BHV 1-antibodies had declined, lead to a 'booster-effect' while a control group remained negative. Six of nine animals not affected by the first intradermal application of BHV 1-antigen, developed BHV 1-antibodies following the second intradermal test. Eight animals possessing maternal antibodies showed no serological response to the intradermal test at all. Present results strongly suggest an induction of humoral BHV 1-antibodies by the intradermal application of inactivated BHV 1. Consequently, the indirect control of BHV 1 infections, especially in cattle breeding farms, should be done exclusively by serological examination.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Allergy to local anesthetics: comparison of patch test with prick and intradermal test results.

The interrelation between immediate and delayed hypersensitivity reactions to local anesthetics is poorly understood. Especially, the relevance of positive patch test reactions to local anesthetics with regard to the compatibility of injected local anesthetics is unclear. We therefore subjected 104 patch test-positive probands to prick and intradermal tests with seven local anesthetic agents. All prick tests were negative. Only 14 patients showed positive reactions in intradermal tests: 11 with the ester local anesthetic procaine, one with the amide local anesthetic butanilicaine, and two with both. Procaine yielded both immediate and delayed reactions; butanilicaine, only immediate reactions. All other local anesthetics showed negative reactions. It is concluded that in patients with positive patch test reactions to local anesthetics and negative history of anaphylactoid reactions, positive skin test reactions to intradermal application are rare and that, therefore, the risk of anaphylactic reactions to injection anesthesia with amide local anesthetics, except butanilicaine, appears low in these patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

The mouse intradermal test, a well-established and reliable model in skin tolerance testing.

The intradermal test in mice is a valuable model for assessing dermal tolerance to chemical substances. The test material is administered intracutaneously to hairless or depilated mice through a fine syringe, the animals are killed after 24 hours and the treated skin is removed, dried and assessed for reaction area, erythema and oedema. The skin fragments can be preserved as a record of the findings. While direct transfer of the findings from mouse to man is likely to be misleading, the test is well suited to comparative studies. Moreover it requires only small numbers of mice.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Intradermal testing of swine to monitor changes in delayed hypersensitivity response.

Pigs were tested (intradermal injection) on the abdomen with either phytohemagglutinin (PHA) or PHA and tuberculin. The response to PHA was consistent; double-skin thickness averaged 247% of the preinjection thickness during daily testing. Pigs that were primed with Freund's complete adjuvant had a mean double-skin thickness of 208% for tuberculin and 236% for PHA, indicating that the mitogen induced an antigen-like response. Unexpectedly, injections of dexamethasone (0.1 mg/kg of body weight on 2 days) increased the reactivity to both tuberculin and PHA, indicating that the lymphocyte and macrophage response to dexamethasone in swine may be slightly different than the response reported in other species.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Intradermal testing in doubtful cases of contact allergy to metals.

Among 1670 consecutively patch tested patients an intradermal test with chromium, cobalt and nickel was added in 66 cases. There were three indications for intradermal testing: 1) the patch test reaction at 72 h was difficult to interpret; among 49 patients with one or more doubtful reactions a metal allergy was confirmed in 24 and rejected in 54. 2) ten patients with a negative patch test in spite of a positive history of metal allergy; among these, one was positive to cobalt, two to nickel and the other seven negative. 3) seven patients checked for a previously diagnosed allergy; a metal allergy was confirmed in four. Intradermal testing is recommended for confirmation of doubtful patch test reactions, particularly to disclose false positive reactions to metals.

Chromium↗
PubMed1978

Studies on bilharzial dysentery: the relation among the egg count, the number of bowel motion and the antibody titre and the relation between the schistosomal antibody titre as detected by indirect haemagglutination test and the size of the wheal area of the intradermal test.

The authors studied the relation among the egg count, the number of motions and the antibody titer in 185 patients suffering from bilharzial dysentery. They found that no significant relation between the level of antibody titre and the number of ova and also no relation between egg count and number of motions but a significant relation between the number of bowel motions and the level of antibody titre was recorded. An auto-immune mechanism in Schistosoma mansoni has also been shown in this work but it needs further proof. On the other hand two diagnostic tests were performed namely the intradermal test and the indirect haemagglutination test. The former gave 84% positivity while the latter gave 94% positivity. In comparing the wheal size of the intradermal test and the titre of haemagglutination, it has been found that the wheal increases in size with rise of the titre. Therefore the wheal size can roughly suggest the level of immunity of the patient.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Open, closed and intradermal testing in nickel allergy.

Open, closed and intradermal testing with NiCl2 was performed in 15 subjects with patch-test-proven allergy to 5% NiSO4 in pet. Intradermal testing proved to be a reliable method in confirming nickel sensitivity within 24 h. Open testing with non-toxic concentrations of NiCl2 in alcohol resulted in 73% and 93% positive reactions at 24 h and 48 h readings, respectively. This test method can be used as a reliable screening method in nickel allergy. Open testing often resulted in positive reactions within a few hours. This makes it possible to investigate pathogenetic events of acquired allergic contact dermatitis at a much earlier stage than with the usual 48-h occlusion. 24-h occlusion with Finn Chambers is not sufficient if one is to avoid false negative reactions in nickel allergy. Occlusion with Finn Chambers seems to delay the reaction.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Predictive value of intradermal tests using muscle-relaxing drugs].

A retrospective postal inquiry was carried out to find out a possible relation between the results of intradermal tests carried out for a previous anaesthetic and the course of a second anaesthetic performed afterwards. This study included 350 patients who have had an intradermal test to vecuronium, alcuronium, suxamethonium, gallamine, pancuronium, thiopentone, fentanyl and droperidol between March 1984 and November 1986. Eighty-nine did not reply (25.4%), 183 (52.3%) did not undergo new general anaesthetic since the skin tests, whilst 78 (22.3%) did. The inquiry was then sent to the 73 anaesthetists corresponding to the last group of patients. The 51 complete answers included 62 anaesthetics. Twenty-four patients had negative intradermal tests before the new anaesthetic, the other 27 having had a test positive to at least one muscle relaxant. Of these latter, 16 were given a muscle relaxant during their general anaesthetic, selected among those resulting in a negative intradermal test. Thirteen had undergone skin testing because of an anaphylactic reaction during induction. No new anaphylactic reaction was observed. Three anaesthetists only were not aware of the results of the intradermal tests at the time of the new anaesthetic. These data tend to demonstrate that a muscle relaxant could be injected in a patient who has had a previous anaphylactic reaction with positive intradermal tests, provided that the drug chosen for the new anaesthetic does not give a positive intradermal reaction.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Intradermal test in contact allergy to metals.

Variations of intradermal test results were studied in a group of patients with clinically evident contact dermatitis and with the history suggestive of contact with metals and with negative patch tests reactions to the latter. The positive reactions obtained in several cases indicate that intradermal tests may reveal specific sensitivities, which patch tests using standard concentrations are not always capable of demonstrating.

Chromium↗
PubMed1989

[The detection of bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BHV 1) using an intradermal test. I. Field studies].

An intradermal test (delayed hypersensitivity test) for the diagnosis of BHV1 infection was evaluated in 791 cattle of 16 dairy farms. The skin reactions were compared with the results of serological examinations using a commercial BHV1 ELISA kit (Trachitest). As antigen concentrated, purified and inactivated BHV1 was used. The skin reaction (increase of the skin fold thickness) was used for the interpretation of test results. The best results were obtained with the control of the skin reaction on the third day after injection of the antigen. From 393 serologically BHV1 negative cattle with an age of more than 6 months 391 (99.5%) had a skin reaction up to 1.0 mm and 2 animals (0.5%) had a reaction of 1.3 and 1.9 mm, respectively. The mean increase of skin fold thickness was 0.2 mm. Out of 291 serologically BHV1 positive cattle with an age of more than 6 months 270 had antibodies from natural infection and, partially, from additional vaccination with inactivated BHV1 vaccine. 266 (98.5%) of these animals showed a skin reaction of more than 2.0 mm, in 3 animals (1.1%) a skin reaction up to 1.0 mm was observed and 1 animal (0.4%) had a reaction of 2.0 mm. The mean increase of the skin fold thickness was 6.3 mm. 21 animals had BHV1 antibodies only because of vaccination with inactivated BHV1 vaccine. Only 4 animals had a skin reaction of more than 2.0 mm. Among 107 animals with an age up to 6 months 30 were serologically BHV1 positive and 77 were BHV1 negative. In all animals the skin reaction was less than 1.0 mm, the mean was 0.2 mm.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

A study of skin diseases in dogs and cats. V. The intradermal test in the diagnosis of flea allergy in dogs and cats.

A group of 143 dogs and cats with pruritic skin disease was tested by intradermal injection of a dilute whole cat flea extract. The test results were correlated with the clinical diagnosis (Table I, III), with previous or present findings of fleas on the animals (Table II, III), with the presence or absence of blood eosinophilia (Table IV), and, in animals with clinical flea allergy, with the histological findings in a skin biopsy excised from a clinically affected skin site (Fig. 1). The predictive value of a positive and a negative outcome of the test was assessed graphically by means of calculations described in the Appendix (Figs. 2, 3). It is concluded that the test is sufficiently specific to justify its use in animals where flea allergy is suspected but cannot be proved by routine clinical examination. The histological findings and the nature of the skin reactions suggest that a positive outcome of the test is indicative of an immediate, type I hypersensitivity towards components of the oral secretion of fleas and that this hypersensitivity is mediated by reaginic antibody which to some extent is produced by plasma cells located in skin areas where flea saliva is deposited.

Animals↗