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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1979

The effect of thiopentone and fazadinium on intraocular pressure.

Intraocular pressure was measured in twenty-four patients using an applanation tonometer, after using thiopentone and fazadinium as induction agents. No significant rise in intraocular pressure above resting levels was noted before or after tracheal intubation, and it is suggested that this combination of induction agents should be satisfactory for general anaesthesia of a patient with a perforating eye injury who presents with a full stomach.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

[Blood-pressure regulating drugs and intraocular pressure in animal experiments (author's transl)].

Electromanometric measurements of blood pressure and intraocular pressure, carried out in rabbits after the intravenous administration of Norphen, Peripherin, Sympatol, Hydergin, Tropodil, Complamin, Euphyllin and Vasculat showed that the changes in the pressure curves were largely in the same sense. Apart from a "passive" correlation of the intraocular pressure with the blood pressure, the local effects of pharmaceuticals administered are also discussed. The results obtained provide both general medicine and ophthalmology with insights into the mode of action of drugs, some of which are frequently administered. In addition, they serve both to provide information on the desirable curative effects of the drugs and to help prevent damage being done to the organ of sight.

Aminophylline↗
PubMed1977

[The influence of vasodilatators on intraocular pressure and blood pressure (author's transl)].

The influence of different vasodilatators on blood pressure and intraocular pressure has been tested in animal experiments. For that purpose substances with alphasympathicolytic effect (Hydergin, Trental) have been tested as well as substances which are of direct influence on the muscles. In all cases a decrease of the blood pressure was noticed. Furthermore in most of the cases an increase of the intraocular pressure could be seen. This is due to a direct dilatation of ocular vessels. The effects were short-lived and reversible. We tried to find an explanation for the variations of intraocular pressure during the decrease of blood pressure. The low transmural pressure (PTM) and the corresponding low starting point of the muscle tonus seemed to be responsible for this phenomenon. Without doubt the starting point of the blood pressure, the dose, and the cardiac ability for compensation are of great influence in the development of the curve. Only a sufficiently high blood pressure is able to dilate the ocular vessels, so that one has to draw therapeutic conclusions from the constellation blood pressure/intraocular pressure before deciding on treatment.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Transplant size and elevated intraocular pressure. Postkeratoplasty.

Elevated intraocular pressure after keratoplasty is a well-recognized phenomenon both in aphakia and in combined lens extraction and penetrating keratoplasty. Ninety-two consecutive cases of penetrating keratoplasty procedures were studied. These were randomly assigned to group A or B. Group A received a donor transplant 0.5 mm larger than the recipient bed. Group B received donor buttons equal in size to the recipient bed. Intraocular pressure was measured preoperatively and daily until the patients were discharged. Group A, which had aphakic penetrating keratoplasty or the combined procedure (0.5-mm larger button), also had significantly lower intraocular pressures (P less than .001) than group B (same size button). There was no difference in postoperative intraocular pressure between groups A and B for those who had phakic penetrating keratoplasties. A larger donor size can alleviate induced "aphakic keratoplasty glaucoma."

Aged↗
PubMed1978

The vascular basis of the positional influence of the intraocular pressure.

By measuring intraocular pressure in different body positions from 60 degrees semiupright to 30 degrees head down, a nonlinear relationship between IOP increase and body position was confirmed. IOP postural response in individual subjects was roughly correlated to ophthalmic arterial pressure and to the episcleral venous pressure postural response. In one series of subjects, the episcleral venous pressure increments due to posture wa; parallel to the applanation-indentation disparity in the same individual eyes. Differential tonometry with applanation or indentation procedures under blind conditions gave significantly low indentation readings. It is concluded that IOP postural response depends on arterial and venous vascular changes when subjects move from an erect to a horizontal body position. Blood expulsion from the choroid by indentation tonometry might be the reason that this tonometric procedure does not measure IOP changes based on vascular changes.

Adult↗
PubMed2026

Nonuniform Association of Genetic Risk Scores for Intraocular Pressure.

IMPORTANCE: Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) is a risk factor for primary open-angle glaucoma, and genetic risk scores hold promise as a tool for screening for ocular hypertension. However, genetic risk scores for IOP have a nonuniform association across the range of IOP, which reduces their accuracy. OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that nonuniform behavior of genetic risk scores for IOP is associated with a specific type of genetic interaction. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Cross-sectional, post hoc genetic association studies were performed using linear and quantile regression in a sample of UK Biobank participants. Data were analyzed from January to September 2025. EXPOSURES: Ninety-eight genetic variants associated with IOP. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Tests were carried out for 98 genetic variants associated with IOP (P&#x2009;<&#x2009;5.0&#x2009;&#xd7;10-8) to examine (1) dominant or recessive genetic effects, (2) genotype&#x2009;&#xd7;&#x2009;genotype interactions, (3) genotype&#x2009;&#xd7;&#x2009;age interactions, and (4) genotype&#x2009;&#xd7;&#x2009;sex interactions. RESULTS: A total of 98&#x202f;235 participants (mean [SD] age, 58.1 [7.9] years; 52&#x202f;168 female [53.1%]) were included in this analysis. More variants exhibited genotype&#x2009;&#xd7;&#x2009;age interactions than expected by chance (14 of the 98 variants associated with IOP had at least nominal evidence of an interaction with age; P&#x2009;=&#x2009;3.76&#x2009;&#xd7;10-4). For 12 of these 14 variants, age increased rather than decreased the magnitude of the IOP vs genotype association. However, integrating age interactions into the genetic risk score construction process did not yield improved accuracy (incremental noninteraction model, R2&#x2009;=&#x2009;4.05; 95% CI, 3.82-4.31 and interaction model, R2&#x2009;=&#x2009;4.04; 95% CI, 3.80-4.27). There was little support for other types of genetic interaction. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: In the current work, findings show minimal evidence that nonadditive allelic effects, genotype&#x2009;&#xd7;&#x2009;genotype interactions, and genotype&#x2009;&#xd7;&#x2009;sex interactions contributed to the nonuniform association of genetic variants with IOP across quantiles of IOP. Although a genetic risk score for IOP was more accurate in older vs younger individuals, efforts to account for genotype&#x2009;&#xd7;&#x2009;age interactions in genetic risk score construction did not improve accuracy. These findings suggest other factors, such as gene-environment interactions, contribute to the nonuniform relationship of genetic variants with IOP.

Humans↗
PubMed1977

Low-dose methazolamide and intraocular pressure.

Sixteen patients with increased intraocular pressure (over 20 mm Hg) received 25 and 50 mg of oral methazolamide, twice daily, during consecutive weeks and then 500 mg (Sequels) of acetazolamide. The two methazolamide regimens produced significant decreases in intraocular pressure. Acetazolamide treatment resulted in a greater decrease in intraocular pressure but more systemic acidosis and side effects.

Acetazolamide↗
PubMed1979

[The campimetric method for measuring the individually tolerated intraocular pressure (Ptl) in glaucoma (author's transl)].

Standard values of the intraocular pressure, as an average result of mass examinations, need not be valid in the actual case. So the upper limit of the intraocular pressure for a hypertonic patient may be higher than in persons with arterial hypotonia. In order to achieve an individual approach A. M. Vodovozov introduced in 1975 the notion of tolerable intraocular pressure (Ptl) which may be determined by means of campimetry and perimetry, or using hemodynamic and electrophysiological methods. Here the campimetric method of determining the individually tolerable intraocular pressure (Ptl) is described. The size of the blind spot (namely the vertical diameter) and the pertinent intraocular pressure are measured several times (every half an hour), in the course of which the effect of an oral dose of glycerol combined with ascorbic acid is observed. That tonometric value which coincides with the minimal size of the blind spot is considered as the individually tolerable level of intraocular pressure. The campimetric investigation of 98 eyes in 52 glaucomatous patients showed that the tolerable intraocular pressure may be above as well as below the standard. This aids in ordering the appropriate treatment and in preventing the loss of ocular function in glaucomatous patients.

Ascorbic Acid↗
PubMed1979

Comparison of the effects of nine beta-adrenergic blocking agents on intraocular pressure in rabbits.

The intraocular pressure lowering effects of nine beta-adrenergic receptor blocking agents were compared using two different models of experimental ocular hypertension in rabbits. All the nine drugs possess, to different extents, a clear pressure-lowering action after topical administration into the conjunctival sac. For potency and duration of action, the best results were obtained with timolol and sotalol. Pindolol, oxprenolol, practolol, and propranolol are also fairly potent while less impressive effects were produced by atenolol, butidrine, and metoprolol. With the exception of propranolol, all the drugs were well tolerated by the ocular tissues.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed1979

[Effect of premedication and various anesthetics on intraocular pressure].

On the basis of investigations of the intraocular pressure in 172 patients the authors conclude that when choosing anesthetics and other drugs it is necessary to take into consideration their influence upon the intraocular pressure. In patients with high intraocular pressure the peridural anesthesia is expedient.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Effect of lid specula and superior rectus traction on intraocular pressure.

The Pneumatonometer of Langham was used to record the effect upon intraocular pressure of a range of eyelid specula, lid sutures, and eyelid clamps. It was concluded that all methods tested produced a rise in intraocular pressure in most patients, and that the degree of rise was related to the degree to which the eyelids were separated. It was therefore recommended that a method of eyelid retraction which allows adjustment is to be preferred, and that specula which do not allow this, such as the Barraquer speculum, are not to be recommended. Traction upon the superior rectus suture was shown to lead to a considerable rise in intraocular pressure and this should therefore be avoided unless strictly necessary. The traction produced by two limbal sutures pulling tangentially downwards, rotates the eye downwards for intraocular surgery without inducing a rise in intraocular pressure. Measurement of intraocular pressure in the operating theatre is recommended in order to ascertain whether the method used to retract the eyelids or to rotate the eye to the field of surgery is having an adverse effect.

Cataract Extraction↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The effect of intraocular pressure on resistance to outflow.

As intraocular pressure is increased, facility of aqueous outflow decreases. For many years this fact was obscured by the often used procedure of experimental perfusion into the anterior chamber. Anterior chamber perfusion deepens the anterior chamber; retrodisplacement of the iris-lens diaphragm tenses the trabecular mesh with resulting facility increase and obscuration of the facility-reducing effect of pressure. The probable mechanism of facility reduction under experimental conditions is apposition of the inner wall of Schlemm's canal to the outer wall. Since facility of aqueous outflow is not constant at different intraocular pressures, application of poiseuille's law to the eye must be restricted to each pressure investigated.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Relationship of intraocular pressure and fibrillopathia epitheliocapsularis.

The average intraocular pressure is higher in eyes with than in eyes without fibrillopathia epitheliocapsularis (pseudo-exfoliation). Open angle glaucoma was diagnosed in 22.7% of persons with fibrillopathy, compared to 1.2% in persons without fibrillopathy. The increase in intraocular pressure and the development of glaucoma seem in most cases to accompany or closely follow the development of fibrillopathy.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

[The influence of changes in body position on intraocular pressure, episcleral venous pressure, and blood pressure (author's transl)].

The intraocular pressure, the ophthalmic artery pressure, and the episcleral venous pressure increased after changes from sitting to recumbent body position, whereas the subclavian artery pressure remained unchanged or decreased slightly. Changing from recumbent to sitting position was followed by a decrease in IOP, ophthalmic pressure, and subclavian artery pressure. Comparing the last measurement in the first position to the first value after change, it was found that the IOP alters by about 20%, the ophthalmic artery pressure by 15%, and the episcleral venous pressure by 50%. In all series a decrease in subclavian artery pressure was observed during the first 15 min. The mean pressure in the ophthalmic artery diminished in the series that changed from sitting to recumbent position, whereas it increased in the other series during the first 15 min. The episcleral venous pressure increased more than the corresponding IOP after changing to the recumbent position.

Blood Pressure↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Hormonal regulation of intraocular pressure.

A detailed review of the hormonal effects on intraocular pressure is presented. There is evidence that corticotropin, vasopressin, thyroxin, insulin, glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids may play a role in the physiologic regulation of intraocular pressure. Growth hormone, melanocyte stimulating hormone, progesterone, estrogen, chorionic gonadotropin and relaxin may influence intraocular pressure when administered in pharmacologic doses. Whether the key to understanding primary open-angle glaucoma lies in recognizing abnormal endocrine mechanisms, especially involving glucocorticoids, remains unclear at the present time.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗