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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1978

A comparative study of the contraceptive mechanism of the Cu-intrauterine device and the plastic-intrauterine device in rats.

After inserting the Cu-IUD and plastic-IUD into the horn of the uterus of rats, vaginal smears were daily observed for twelve estrus cycles, but no abnormal changes were noted. The female rats with the IUD were exposed to impregnation placing together with male rats. Neither the Cu-IUD nor the plastic-IUD affected copulation, and a complete contraceptive result was obtained in these rats. There were no significant differences in any effect examined between Cu-IUD and plastic-IUD groups. In order to investigate the influence of copper on the penetration of sperm, we placed the rats with the IUD under direct observation and then exposed them to natural copulation. By examining various sites of the reproductive organs 30 min after copulation, the hindrance of sperm migration by the Cu-IUD was confirmed.

Animals↗

PubMed1977

[The hidden intrauterine device].

The hidden intrauterine device (IUD) may result because of disapperance of the tails into the uterus, unobserved loss of the device and perforation. The localization can be estimated by sonography, x-ray and probing of the uterine cavity. In most of the cases the device can be removed without hospitalization, surgical procedures are rarely neccessary. If pregnancy did occur the hidden intrauterine device cannot be removed without termination of the pregnancy in most cases.

Female↗

PubMed1978

Experience with the Ypsilon (Soichet) intrauterine device.

The Ypsilon intrauterine device (IUD), which consists of stainless steel covered with silicone rubber, was studied in 209 women. In the 3,169 woman-months of use, there were 21 pregnancies, nine expulsions, and in 24 instances the Ypsilon IUD was removed for medical reasons (side effects). The net cumulative pregnancy rate in the 12 months after insertion was 6.4% and the expulsion rate was 3.8%; the medical removal rate was 9.0%. No perforations or tubal pregnancies occurred. The comparatively low medical removal rate renders the Ypsilon IUD a fairly good device for clinical use, although the pregnancy rate is rather high.

Adult↗

PubMed1978

[Endometrial cytology and copper containing intrauterine devices].

Copper-containing intrauterine devices (IUDs) for contraception are increasingly used within recent years. IUDs in situ provoke a non-specific inflammatory cell reaction, particularly at the glandular epithelium of the endometrium. The cellular changes include swelling of the cytoplasm and of the nuclei, the latter showing chromatin clumping, prominent nuclei and a pseudoeosinophilic reaction. Cytoplasmic changes exhibit vacuolation, incorporation of leukocytes and plasmolysis varying in degree. The local inflammation also accounts for the side effects associated with the device, such as uterine bleeding and endometritis. Cytomorphologically, the differentiation between cellular inflammation through IUDs and inflammatory metaplasia is difficult, particularly if the investigator has no information about the presence of an IUD. Intrauterine application of proteinase inhibitors can be helpful in differential diagnosis of such IUD-mediated cellular changes.

Aprotinin↗

PubMed1979

Development of an estriol-releasing intrauterine device.

Estriol-releasing intrauterine devices were developed for experimental use in animals and humans. The devices consist of a reservior containing the steroid surrounded by a rate-limiting polyurethane membrane. After an initial transient, the drug is released from the device at a constant rate for 1 year or more; devices with a much longer release period can be fabricated readily. A constant release rate is achieved by maintaining solid drug in the reservoir and good physical contact between the drug and the inside wall of the device. The methods used to fabricate the devices are described along with release rate and stability data.

Chemistry, Pharmaceutical↗

PubMed1976

A three-year trial of the Gravigard (Cu-7) intrauterine device.

The Gravigard (Cu-7) intrauterine device was evaluated in 201 patients (106 nulligravid, 20 nulliparous and 75 multiparous) for a period totalling 4,794 menstrual cycles. Only 4-9% of all insertions of the device proved difficult. Nine involuntary pregnancies occurred at a life-table rate of 3-0 +/- 1-3 per 100 women during the first year. Both pregnancies and expulsion of the device occurred more frequently in nulliparous than in multiparous women. Most expulsions of the device occurred during the first six months of use. A continuation rate of 72-6 per 100 women was achieved during the first year, of 58-2 per 100 women during the intial two years, and of 36-0 per 100 women during the three years of the trial. One of the most noteworthy features of this new IUCD is the extreme ease of its insertion in both nulliparous and multiparous patients.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1977

[The diagnosis and removal of obscure intrauterine devices (author's transl)].

When the thread of an intrauterine device cannot be seen in the cervical canal a diagnostic procedure to insure continued contraceptive effectiveness is mandatory. Hysteroscopy is the method of choice for localization of an intrauterine device even during pregnancy. Hysteroscopic removal is possible even during pregnancy. With this method we removed 16 obscure intrauterine devices and 7 devices during pregnancy. The advantages and disadvantages of other diagnostic and therapeutic methods are discussed.

Adult↗

PubMed1976

The Soichet intrauterine device in the treatment of intrauterine adhesions.

IUD in the shape of a "Y" was inserted following curettage to 32 patients suffering from missed abortion or post-partum hemorrhage for the prevention of intrauterine adhesion formation, and to 48 patients suffering from sterility as a result of intrauterine adhesions. The rate of adhesion formation or recurrence of adhesions after their removal by curettage was very low and dropped significantly compared to other IUD's.

Female↗

PubMed1978

Preliminary report on the use of the combined multiload contraceptive intrauterine device (ML Cu-250).

The multiload contraceptive intrauterine device (IUD) (ML Cu-250) is made of polyethylene and contains copper wire which is wrapped around the stem, providing 250 sq mm of exposed copper surface area. The IUD was inserted in 294 women comprising 1884 women-months of use. Four pregnancies and three expulsions occurred. In 13 instances the ML Cu-250 IUD was removed for medical reasons (side effects). The net cumulative pregnancy rate for a 12-month period after insertion was 3.9% and the expulsion rate was 1.6%; the medical removal rate was 8.2%. No perforations or tubal pregnancies occurred. Our results with the ML Cu-250 was compared with our previous experience with other IUDs. It seems that the comparatively low pregnancy, expulsion, and medical removal rates render the ML Cu-250 a good device for clinical use.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Intrauterine devices: medicated and nonmedicated.

The main benefits of intrauterine devices (IUDs) are a lack of adverse systemic effects, excellent effectiveness, high continuation rates and the single act of motivation required for use. First year failure rates range from 2% to 3%, but decline steadily thereafter to a cumulative annual failure rate of less than 1% after six years. The risks of IUDs include increased blood loss, uterine perforation, pelvic infection and pregnancy-related complications. The incidence of perforation of the uterine fundus ranges from 1:1000 to 1:2500 insertions, while that of cervical perforation with the copper devices ranges from 1:600 to 1:1000. IUD use is associated with about a three-fold increased incidence of developing acute salpingitis in comparison with use of oral contraceptives and diaphragms. If pregnancy occurs with an IUD in place, there is a three-fold increased risk of spontaneous abortion, a ten-fold increased risk of ectopic pregnancy (5% of all IUD pregnancies) and a possible increased incidence of sepsis during the pregnancy.

Abortion, Septic↗

PubMed1977

Hysteroscopic removal of intrauterine devices with missing filaments.

Ninety-one patients using intrauterine devices (IUD with nonvisible filaments on examination underwent hysterscopy for location and retrieval of the devices. These were among 320 patients who underwent hysterscopy for a variety of indications. All but 6 patients for whom additional surgery was planned were given local anesthesia. In 78 patients, the device was found within the uterine cavity and removed under hysterscopic control. In the remaining 13, no intrauterine device was observed. Six of these 13 patients had a translocated device which was removed either by laparoscopy or laparotomy. Hysteroscopy is proposed as a useful and effective method of diagnosis and management in ambulatory patients when the filaments of the IUD are absent.

Endoscopes↗

PubMed1977

The concentration of copper in human uterine secretion during four years after insertion of a copper-containing intrauterine device.

The contraceptive action of a copper-containing intrauterine device (Cu IUD) is mainly associated with the copper ions released, thus its efficiency varies with the surface area of the copper wire. It is of considerable clinical interest to know the usful life-span of a Cu IUD. Therefore, the concentration of copper in the uterine secretion of women wearing a Cu-7 IUD (Gravigard) with a surface area of the copper wire of 200 sq mm was determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy. No decrease in the concentrations of copper was found in a series of women followed for 4 years after the insertion of a Cu IUD.

Adult↗

PubMed1977

Primary unruptured ovarian pregnancy with intrauterine device.

A case of intrafollicular and unruptured ovarian pregnancy associated with intrauterine device which meets the rigid criteria of Spiegelberg (1878) is presented. Clinically, unruptured cases can be confused with ovarian cysts. Intrauterine devices are highly effective for protection against uterine gestation and to a lesser degree against tubal gestation, but they have no effect in preventing ovarian gestation.

Adult↗

PubMed1978

Lost intrauterine devices and their localization.

With the increasing popularity of intrauterine devices for contraception, an increase in the number of IUD-related complications has been observed. A common clinical problem is loss of marker strings at the external os. It could be due to translocation or unnoticed expulsion, both of which reduce the contraceptive effectiveness of the method. Even with the most scrupulous IUD insertion technics, uterine perforation is a recognized complication. Ectopic devices should be removed because extensive sepsis and adhesions between adjacent organs with subsequent bowel strangulation have been reported. Determining the location of the device is facilitated by flat plate X-rays of the abdomen, hysterography, ultrasound or hysteroscopy. The best method of IUD removal depends upon its location, extent of adhesions and the experience of the operator.

Abortion, Septic↗

PubMed1977

Hemorrhage induced by intrauterine devices: control by local proteinase inhibition.

The intrauterine application of proteinase inhibitors, tranexaminc acid and the pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (Trasylol), reduces or eliminates menorrhagia and intermenstrual bleeding (spotting) produced by an intrauterine device (IUD). A decrease in pain and vaginal (cervical) discharge is also frequently observed. A single application is usually sufficient, more than three never being required. The effect lasts for an average of three cycles. In addition to the clinical use of these agents for the treatment of uterine hemorrhage, the slow release of proteinase inhibitors from an IUD may well be useful in minimizing its side effects without interfering with its contraceptive activity.

Administration, Topical↗

PubMed1979

Treatment of rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) with intrauterine devices loaded with levonorgestrel.

The effects of levonorgestrel-loaded plastic intrauterine devices on endometrial morphology were investigated in 15 rhesus monkeys for 14 weeks. The devices were designed to release 25 microgram of the hormone per day and were inserted in the uterus by hysterotomy. Control animals were sham operated or received inert placebo devices. With the levonorgestrel-releasing devices, widespread changes in endometrial morphology were seen. These changes included atrophy of the endometrial mucosal and glandular epithelium and decidualization of the endometrial stroma. With the inert placebo control devices, only minor changes in endometrial morphology were observed.

Animals↗

PubMed1977

Self-checking the intrauterine device.

The self-examination habits of 155 women wearing an intrauterine device have been analyzed. One-third were persistently unable to find the tail. There was a loose relationship between the type of device, the length of the tail, and failure to detect. The more parous and those of higher social class were more adept at detection, as were those who examined themselves each month.

Female↗

PubMed1978

Endometrial morphology of women using a d-norgestrel-releasing intrauterine device.

Endometrial biopsies were obtained from 12 volunteers treated with d-norgestrel-releasing intrauterine devices (IUDs) with two different release rate. Four subjects scheduled for hysterectomy had d-norgestrel-releasing IUDs inserted approximately 1 month prior to surgery. The effect of d-norgestrel on the endometrium and fallopian tubes of the removed uteri was examined. A uniform suppression of the endometrium with glandular atrophy and decidualization of the stroma was found in all of the endometrial specimens. Moreover, changes similar to those observed during the luteal phase and early pregnancy could be seen in the tubal epithelium.

Adult↗