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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1976

The mechanism of action of the copper intrauterine device.

The effects of copper ions on the binding of steroids to receptors revealed that the inhibitory effect of Cu++ was apparent at 10(-6)M, ANd the binding capacities decreased to 10% at 10(-2)M Cu++. The kinetic study demonstrated that Cu++ was a competitive inhibitor of steroid hormone-receptor binding (Ki divided by 2.7 X 10(-5)M to estrogen receptor; Ki divided by 5.1 X 10(-6)M to progesterone receptor). These results indicate that copper ions interfere at the steroid-binding site of receptor and that progesterone receptor is more affected by copper ions than is estrogen receptor. The sedimentation pattern showed the dissociation and aggregation of receptor macromolecules by copper. These phenomena may indicate the biologic inactivation of receptor. In fact, morphologically, progestational proliferation was severely inhibited and estrogenic action seemed to be inhibited. The Timm stain showed copper uptake by endometrial epithelium and superficial stromata. The copper content apparently increased in the cytoplasm of uteri bearing a copper intrauterine device, compared with controls. In vivo, the concentration of cytoplasmic copper was approximately 1.4 X 10(-6)M, which was obviously inhibitory to steroid hormone-receptor interaction. However, complete morphologic suppression of the progestational effect by copper cannot exclude the coexistence of some other mechanism in these phenomena.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

The effect of a copper intrauterine device during the early stages of pregnancy in the rabbit.

Copper wire intrauterine devices (CuIUD) were surgically inserted into mature female rabbits 15 days prior to artificial insemination. Gold wire intrauterine devices and sham surgery served as controls. Animals were autopsied 48, 72, 96, 120, 144, and 192 hours after artificial insemination. At autopsies performed 48 to 144 hours after insemination, the reproductive tract was flushed and the embryos were examined. At 192 hours, implantation sites were counted and measured. A significant (P less than 0.05) loss of copper from the devices was observed when the devices were weighed after autopsy. The CuIUD had no effect on ovulation, fertilization, or embryo transport up to 120 hours after artificial insemination. The presence of a CuIUD resulted in a slight, but not statistically significant, increase in embryonic degeneration by 120 hours, almost total absence of blastocysts from the uterus by 144 hours, and complete absence of implantation sites 192 hours after insemination. The antifertility effect of a copper intrauterine device appears to occur in the late preimplantation stage of pregnancy in the rabbit.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Serum lipid variations in women on copper intrauterine devices, triphasic oral contraceptives and monthly injectable contraceptives.

This is a longitudinal, prospective, comparative controlled study. Patient selection excluded smokers, overweighed, hypertensive, and aged greater than 34 years. 168 women were distributed by random list into four groups: A) fitted with inert IUD (control); B) with Nova T (Cu-IUD); C) received triphasic gestodene (OC); and D) monthly norethisterone enanthate 50 mg + estradiol valerate 5 mg (injectable). Serum lipid patterns were assessed at the beginning of contraceptive use and at 1, 6 and 12 months. The results of the Cu-IUD group did not show any difference with the control group. The OC group showed an increase of HDL and a significant lowering of LDL cholesterol at 6 months but this reverted by 12 months. On the other hand, in the injectable group, a sharp decrease of total lipids, total cholesterol and LDL was observed from the first month, lasting throughout 12 months, yielding significant difference with controls and also with pre-treatment values. In sum, the monthly injectable showed quite favorable patterns that would deserve further study, especially in view of the scarcity of hitherto available information concerning this formulation.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Urticaria secondary to a copper intrauterine device.

A 24-year-old woman developed in acute urticarial reaction secondary to a copper intrauterine contraceptive device. Allergy to copper was proven by scratch tests. The condition cleared with removal of the IUD.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

The effect of a copper intrauterine device on the uterine histology and progestational response in pregnant and immature rabbits.

A copper wire intrauterine device (GuIUD) was inserted into mature female rabbits 14 days prior to artificial insemination (AI), and its effect on the histology of the pregnant uterus was studied 48 to 192 hours after AI. In a related study, estrogen-primed immature femal rabbits were fitted with a device consisting of 321 mm of copper wire wound around a 17-mm plastic carrier and treated subcutaneously for 5 days with 0.1 mg of progesterone daily. Uterine tissue samples were obtained on the following day, examined histologically, and tested for carbonic anhydrase activity. In both studies, gold wire devices, similar to the respective copper devices, and sham surgery served as controls. In the pregnant rabbit, the McPhail score (McPhail MK: J Physiol (Lond) 83:145, 1934) measuring arborization of the luminal epithelium was significantly lower in tissue surrounding the CuIUD than in tissue anterior to the CuIUD or in tissue from the contralateral control horn bearing an AuIUD or subjected to sham surgery, 96 to 192 hours after AI. The morphologic development of the epithelial cell structure was retarded only in areas surrounding the CuIUD 96 to 192 hours after AI. There were no observable differences in the stroma or in the leukocytic infiltration of the tissue. In the estrogen-primed immature rabbits, the ability of the tissue to react to exogenous progesterone was depressed in tissue surrounding the copper device, as determined by the lower McPhail score, compared with tissue anterior to the copper device or from contralateral controls. Similary, progestational stimulation of carbonic anhydrase was blocked significantly in tissue surrounding the CuIUD and, to a lesser extent, in tissue anterior to the CuIUD. The data suggest that copper ions eluted from the CuIUD produce a contraceptive effect by locally blocking the action of progesterone on the epithelial tissue.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Serum prolactin levels in short-term and long-term use of inert plastic and copper intrauterine devices.

Serum prolactin values were assessed in 59 normally menstruating parous women; groups were divided with respect to short-term (6 weeks) and long-term (4-60 months) use of either the inert plastic IUD (Saf-T-Coil or Lippes Loop) or copper IUD (Cu-7). Preinsertion values served as controls in the short-term study while a separate control group using barrier contraception was used in the long-term study. Prospective analysis of short-term IUD use and retrospective analysis of long-term IUD use revealed no significant differences in mean hPRL compared to control values. Both short- and long-term mean values were within the normal range for serum hPRL. In addition, duration of use had no significant effect on hPRL values.

Adolescent↗