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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Intuitive confidence: choosing between intuitive and nonintuitive alternatives.

People often choose intuitive rather than equally valid nonintuitive alternatives. The authors suggest that these intuitive biases arise because intuitions often spring to mind with subjective ease, and the subjective ease leads people to hold their intuitions with high confidence. An investigation of predictions against point spreads found that people predicted intuitive options (favorites) more often than equally valid (or even more valid) nonintuitive alternatives (underdogs). Critically, though, this effect was largely determined by people's confidence in their intuitions (intuitive confidence). Across naturalistic, expert, and laboratory samples (Studies 1-3), against personally determined point spreads (Studies 4-11), and even when intuitive confidence was manipulated by altering irrelevant aspects of the decision context (e.g., font; Studies 12 and 13), the authors found that decreasing intuitive confidence reduced or eliminated intuitive biases. These findings indicate that intuitive biases are not inevitable but rather predictably determined by contextual variables that affect intuitive confidence.

Choice Behavior↗
PubMed1999

Intuition comes of age: workplace applications of intuitive skill for occupational and environmental health nurses.

1. Intuition is an internal experience. It is a way of knowing something directly without an intervening analytic thought. It functions more subjectively than objectively. 2. The subjective nature of intuition makes it challenging to use in the business world yet the value it adds makes it worth the effort. Intuition adds value when making judgment calls, managing unforeseeables, when creativity and innovation are necessary. Intuition is the skill of responding appropriately, in the moment, to specific situations. Intuition "opens the doors" to new possibilities which can then be applied and evaluated analytically. 3. Intuition can be enhanced in the workplace by becoming familiar with some of the ways it is experienced, and facilitate co-workers to express their intuitions more openly. Another way to enhance intuition at work is to ask questions which collect non-analytic data. 4. Making intuitive thinking a regular part of team meetings will improve the productivity of the team and encourage individual use of intuitive skill. Individual intuitive skill can be increased with paying regular attention to physical responses, images, feelings, and synchronicities.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMed2005

On the speed of intuition: intuitive judgments of semantic coherence under different response deadlines.

Intuition is the ability to judge stimulus properties on the basis of information that is activated in memory but not consciously retrieved. We investigated one central feature of intuitive judgments--namely, their speed. Participants judged whether or not three clue words were coherent in the sense that they were weakly associated with a common fourth concept. To restrict the time available for conscious deliberation of possible solution words, participants had to synchronize their judgments with a response signal appearing at different lags after the clue words. In two experiments, participants discriminated coherent and incoherent triads reliably better than chance, even when they did not consciously retrieve the solution word and the lag between clue words and response signal was as short as 1.5 sec. Results indicate that intuitive judgments can indeed be made very fast and without extended conscious deliberation. Possible mechanisms underlying intuitive judgments are discussed.

Association Learning↗
PubMedDate not supplied

['Intuition or exactness? Intuitive positioning of the bed headboard in critical patients. Do we need to measure it?].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the skill of the nursery staff of an intensive care unit (ICU) to set the head of the bed accurately and to determine the need to incorporate a slope indicator in each bed. METHODS: Observational prospective study to measure the positioning of the head of the bed at 30 degrees and 45 degrees from 0 degrees in beds with slope indicator that was hidden during the study. SETTING: A neurosurgery ICU with thirteen boxes. STUDY PERIOD: from November-2003 to January-2004. Subject : nursery staff. RESULTS: 228 measures were made, 160 (50% at 30 degrees and 50% at 45 degrees ) were made by nurses, and 68 (50% at 30 degrees and 50% at 45 degrees ) by auxiliary nurses. At both positions there were 26 correct settings. Mean was 20 degrees and 30 degrees at 30 degrees and 45 degrees , respectively. There were not differences between nurses and auxiliary nurses at 30 degrees (22.6 +/- 1.5 vs 21.8 +/- 2.4) nor at (33.3 +/- 2 vs 33.8 +/- 3.3). There were not significant differences due to work experience nor respect of analysed variables (intracranial pressure monitoring, squatting, etc.). CONCLUSION: We set the head of the bed under the recommended slope for this type of patients, regardless of the analysed variables. We think that an objective slope degree indicator is mandatory in this kind of beds in order to achieve an accuracy positioning.

Beds↗
PubMed1999

[Concept analysis of intuition].

From experience and observation of decision-making in intensive care units, the following has been observed in respect of clinical decision-making. Nurses in intensive care units take clinical decisions they can justify, and other decisions they cannot justify. Nurses in intensive care units sometimes refer to the unjustified clinical decisions as gut-feelings or intuition. The observation regarding clinical decision-making further indicates that clinical decision-making, based on intuition is effective and contributes to better and more complete problem-solving capabilities in intensive care units. From the preceding problem statement the following question arose, namely: What is intuition? The objective of the study is to analyze the concept intuition. A philosophical analytical research design was implemented in order to reach this objective. The concept intuition was analyzed by means of concept-analysis. The goal of concept analyses was to respectively describe the characteristics of intuition and developing a theoretical definition for the study regarding these characteristics. From the concept-analysis of intuition the following categories and characteristics of intuition realized namely situational factors of intuition, intuition as a process and intuition as a product. The situational factors of intuition refer to the factors that must be in place in order for intuition to occur, namely knowledge and experience, empathy, as well as incomplete data and uncertain situations. The second group characteristics of intuition has to do with the process of intuition, which is speedy, more synthetical-analogical than analytical, interpretative, holistic, irrational and goal-directed. The third category characteristics of intuition has to do with intuition as a product which include problem-solving and the rational justification of intuition by means of reflection.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMed2001

Intuition: an important tool in the practice of nursing.

AIM: The aim of the study reported here was to evaluate the role of intuition, to examine nurses' understanding of intuition and their perceptions of their use of intuition, and to assess the impact of intuition on nursing practice. BACKGROUND: When we read the dictionary definition of intuition, we have a sense of the meaning but there is also a sense of something still not quite defined. Yet we instinctively know what intuition is. That is, of course, an example of intuition in itself: an understanding of the concept based on our feelings, knowledge and experience. Intuition is a concept neither clearly articulated nor adequately theorized in nursing. There is evidence to suggest that practising nurses use intuition and that its use can change outcomes for patients. Because of its influence on patient well being, it needs to be recognized as an important tool in the practice of nursing. The very nature of intuition determines that there will be little agreement on a precise definition and little empirical evidence to support its existence or worth. Neither of these issues detracts from the fact that intuition is an important part of nursing. METHODS: Grounded theory was used as the overarching theoretical and methodological framework for this study. Using focus group interviews and the Delphi survey technique, data were collected from 262 Registered Nurses who volunteered to take part in the study. FINDINGS: The theory that emerged from this study provides nurses with a way of articulating their understanding of intuition and their perceptions of its use in nursing practice. CONCLUSIONS: Intuition is not some mystical power that appears from nowhere, with no rational explanation or basis. The findings from this study show that it is a product of the synergy that occurs as a result of the interaction of a number of factors.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed2001

Informational basis for expert intuition.

AIM: Intuition has been cited as an integral part of nursing clinical expertise. Responding to the recent scholarly debate over the status of expert nursing intuition as part of the art or science of nursing, this article proposes an alternative view that may provide an informational basis for what has been described phenomenologically as intuition. RATIONALE: Two reasons for the dispute over the status of nursing intuition as 'art' or 'science' are proposed: The first is methodological. The second relates to intuition's close link with perception and underlying assumptions about perception. By examining intuition through an ecological psychology framework, the problem takes on a different character, one that is no longer focused solely on the expert's cognitive (or perceptual) processes, but also on the information provided by the patient and the context of care. CONCLUSIONS: This perspective has several implications for nursing. By investigating information sources (i.e. higher order variables or constraints) in the nurse-patient encounter, the problem of intuition may be clarified, and perhaps simplified. We may find that what nurse researchers have called 'intuition' is what Gibson (1966, 1986) termed 'direct perception.' Intuition as direct perception is information-based and lawful. Finally, although some aspects of intuition may be hard-wired through evolution, intuition as direct perception can be developed through education and extensive, deliberate practice with appropriate exemplars. Characterized as direct perception, intuition is an observable, lawful phenomenon that is measurable, potentially teachable, and appropriately part of nursing science.

Art↗
PubMed1995

Characteristics of intuitive nurses.

A description is provided of the process used to verify characteristics of intuitive nurses that had been reported in the literature. These characteristics supplied the framework for construction of the Miller Intuitiveness Instrument (MII) reported earlier (Miller, 1993). Evidence for validity of the MII was provided in the Miller (1993) study by examining factor analyses and correlations with the intuitive component of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI). The following characteristics were subsequently verified: Intuitive nurses are willing to act on their intuitions, are skilled clinicians, and incorporate a spiritual component in their practices. In addition, intuitive nurses express an interest in the abstract nature of things and are risk takers. Intuitive nurses prefer intuition to sensing (as reflected by the MBTI) as a way to take in information. They are extroverted and express confidence in their intuitions. Likewise, nurses who delay making decisions until all the information is in are more intuitive than those who make decisions abruptly.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMed2004

Electrophysiological evidence of intuition: part 1. The surprising role of the heart.

OBJECTIVES: This study aims to contribute to a scientific understanding of intuition, a process by which information normally outside the range of conscious awareness is perceived by the psychophysiological systems. The first objective, presented in two empirical papers (Part 1 and Part 2), was to replicate and extend the results of previous experiments demonstrating that the body can respond to an emotionally arousing stimulus seconds before it is actually experienced. The second objective, to be presented in a third paper (Part 3), is to develop a theory that explains how the body receives and processes information involved in intuitive perception. DESIGN: The study used a counterbalanced crossover design, in which 30 calm and 15 emotionally arousing pictures were presented to 26 participants under two experimental conditions: a baseline condition of normal psychophysiologic function and a condition of physiological coherence. Primary measures included: skin conductance; the electroencephalogram (EEG), from which cortical event-related potentials and heartbeat-evoked potentials were derived; and the electrocardiogram (ECG), from which cardiac decelerations/accelerations were derived. These measures were used to investigate where and when in the brain and body intuitive information is processed. RESULTS: The study's results are presented in two parts. The main findings in relation to the heart's role in intuitive perception presented here are: (1) surprisingly, the heart appears to receive and respond to intuitive information; (2) a significantly greater heart rate deceleration occurred prior to future emotional stimuli compared to calm stimuli; (3) there were significant gender differences in the processing of prestimulus information. Part 2 will present results indicating where in the brain intuitive information is processed and data showing that prestimulus information from the heart is communicated to the brain. It also presents evidence that females are more attuned to intuitive information from the heart. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, we have independently replicated and extended previous research documenting prestimulus responses. It appears that the heart is involved in the processing and decoding of intuitive information. Once the prestimulus information is received in the psychophysiologic systems, it appears to be processed in the same way as conventional sensory input. This study presents compelling evidence that the body's perceptual apparatus is continuously scanning the future. To account for the results presented in Parts 1 and 2, Part 3 will develop a theory based on holographic principles explaining how intuitive perception accesses a field of energy into which information about future events is spectrally enfolded.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Electrophysiological evidence of intuition: Part 2. A system-wide process?

OBJECTIVES: This study aims to contribute to a scientific understanding of intuition, a process by which information normally outside the range of conscious awareness is perceived by the body's psychophysiological systems. The first objective, presented in two empirical reports (Part 1 and Part 2), was to replicate and extend the results of previous experiments demonstrating that the body can respond to an emotionally arousing stimulus seconds before it is actually experienced. The second objective, to be presented in a forthcoming publication (Part 3), is to develop a theory that explains how the body receives and processes information involved in intuitive perception. DESIGN: The study used a counterbalanced crossover design, in which 30 calm and 15 emotionally arousing pictures were presented to 26 participants under two experimental conditions: a baseline condition of "normal" psychophysiologic function and a condition of physiological coherence. Primary measures included: skin conductance; the electroencephalogram (EEG), from which cortical event-related potentials (ERP) and heartbeatevoked potentials (HBEP) were derived; and the electrocardiogram (ECG), from which cardiac decelerations/ accelerations were derived. These measures were used to investigate where and when in the brain and body intuitive information is processed. RESULTS: The main findings presented here are: (1) surprisingly, both the heart and brain appear to receive and respond to intuitive information; (2) even more surprisingly, there is compelling evidence that the heart appears to receive intuitive information before the brain; (3) there were significant differences in prestimulus ERPs for calm versus emotional stimuli; (4) the frontal cortex, temporal, occipital, and parietal areas appear to be involved in the processing of prestimulus information; (5) there were significant differences in prestimulus calm/emotional HBEPs, primarily in the coherent mode; (6) there were significant gender differences in the processing of prestimulus information. Especially noteworthy is the apparent interaction between the HBEPs and ERPs in the females, which suggests that the heart modulates the ERP and that females are more attuned to intuitive information from the heart. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, our data suggest that the heart and brain, together, are involved in receiving, processing, and decoding intuitive information. On the basis of these results and those of other research, it would thus appear that intuitive perception is a system-wide process in which both the heart and brain (and possibly other bodily systems) play a critical role. To account for the study's results, Part 3 will develop a theory based on holographic principles explaining how intuitive perception accesses a field of energy into which information about "future" events is spectrally enfolded.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Intuition--a problematic form of knowledge in nursing.

The purpose of this article is to discuss the concept and phenomenon of intuition in nursing. With an overview of theories of intuition in philosophy and empirical research as the starting point, the authors discuss the conceptualization of intuition in nursing. Concept analyses, intuition as phenomenological nursing knowledge, intuition as clinical knowledge and intuition as spiritual connection are discussed. The authors conclude that the conceptions of intuition in nursing differ with respect to their philosophical underpinnings and that it can be questioned whether 'intuition' is always a proper term for the kind of knowledge investigated. Intuition is seen as an important concept in nursing, but there are still philosophical as well as empirical and practical problems to investigate.

Concept Formation↗
PubMed1991

Intuition and the nurse manager.

In spite of the present move in health care into the computer age, there is increasing awareness that intuition is an important nursing management technique and that it is linked to success as a manager. Intuition is most effectively implemented by the self-confident manager with experience and expertise as a manager. Nevertheless, a novice manager who values and seeks intuition will find it a technique that will assist in the development of excellence as a manager. Managers who perceive themselves as having limited skills in intuition and yet are sensitive to the need for intuition can compensate for this deficiency by close association with a coworker who can provide intuitive perceptions and evaluations. For example, a head nurse who is primarily analytical may discuss assignment of nurses with an assistant who is highly intuitive. Managers who are able to compensate for intuitive deficiencies by surrounding themselves with competent and trusted subordinates who have intuitive qualities may be able to effectively use both analytic and nonanalytic managerial techniques.

Creativity↗
PubMed2004

Use of intuition by nursing students: instrument development and testing.

BACKGROUND: Intuition has been described as an important type of nursing knowledge and has gained acceptance as a valid way of knowing in clinical nursing. Use of intuition has become one way of explaining professional expertise. Measures of the use of intuition have been developed primarily for experienced nurses, but few measures of intuition use among nursing students exist. AIM: The aim of this paper is to describe the development and psychometric testing of an instrument to measure use of intuition by nursing students. METHODS: Instrument development consisted of concept clarification, item development, and psychometric testing. Intuition was defined as a non-linear process of knowing perceived through physical awareness, emotional awareness, and/or through physical or spiritual connections. Initial measurement items were derived inductively from the literature and informal interviews with senior nursing students. Seven content experts established a content validity index of 0.86 for the initial 33-item measure. It was pretested with a sample of 20 senior nursing students prior to its nationwide validation with a random sample of 1000 senior bachelor of science and associate degree nursing students. RESULTS: Postal mail data collection resulted in 349 responses (35% response rate). Principal component analysis with orthogonal varimax rotation resulted in seven factors accounting for 66.2% of the variance: physical sensations (28.4%); premonitions (9.7%); spiritual connections (7.7%); reading of cues (6.1%); sensing energy (5.7%); apprehension (4.3%); and reassuring feelings (4%). Eigenvalues ranged from 1 to 7.1 and factor loadings ranged from 0.534 to 0.858. The validation resulted in a revised 25-item measure that demonstrated an overall Cronbach's alpha of 0.89 and a range of 0.69-0.84 for each factor. The study is limited by the use of a self-report measure and the attrition in the randomized sample. CONCLUSIONS: The intuition measure for use with students showed evidence of construct validity and reliability. With further testing, the measure could serve as a stimulus to foster students' intuitive abilities.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMed2005

Intuition: a bridge to the coenesthetic world of experience.

The concept of intuition is relatively unestablished in psychoanalysis, where it is often associated with narcissistic meanings and vagueness. But intuition, as an integrated mode of archaic coenesthetic thinking, should be kept conceptually free of those connotations. Its capacity of undifferentiated delineation supplies an instinctive general means of dealing immediately with various rationally indistinct phenomena, such as forms, shades, and multidimensionality, regardless of the boundaries between sensory modalities. It may be impossible to translate intuitive experiences into lexical form; these languages are incommensurable. Intuition as a preconscious nondiscursive thinking process is needed in creativity, as well as less conspicuously in countless everyday activities. In speech communication, intuition rapidly specifies subtle shades of meaning in linguistic content and all the prosody. In psychoanalytic work intuition is like radar, creating preliminary contacts with the inner world of the analysand. The observations gained require, however, rational consideration to be confirmed. Intuition is an essential instrument of the psychoanalyst, and also functions in the service of tact to create working space and adequate forms of interpretations. Clinical vignettes reflecting some problematic fates of special intuitiveness in creativity are presented from psychoanalytic work with artists.

Art↗
PubMed1992

Intuition in nursing practice: deep connections.

The purpose of this study was to describe the phenomenon of intuition in nursing culture. The aims of the study were to (a) identify and describe terminology used with intuition in nursing care practice, (b) describe examples of experiential knowledge of intuition, (c) describe actions taken on intuitive experiences, (d) describe feelings associated with intuitive experience, and (e) compare and contrast patterns and processes of nursing intuition. The design of the study was ethnography. Sampling involved 40 nurses from all levels of the hospital and home health care practice. Intuition was found to (a) facilitate the depth of nurse-client relationships; (b) lead to a deeper understanding and connection with client patterns; (c) be acknowledged as a professional risk; (d) emphasize the significant influence of autonomy, independence, and assertiveness in nursing practice; and (e) contribute to excellence in nursing care. Intuition was identified as a manifestation of transpersonal caring in the art of nursing practice and was deeply connected to caring as the moral ideal of the nursing profession.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Intuition and rational decision-making in professional thinking: a false dichotomy?

A number of researchers have sought to understand what enables the 'expert' professional to achieve a rapid and effortless understanding of presenting situations. Central to many of the explanations offered is the term 'intuition'. It might be thought, therefore, that the word describes a coherent concept embracing certain related features and used with consistency. A study of the literature suggests that this is not so. 'Intuition' is more than a contested concept, it is also used in ways that lack both clarity and coherence. Some of the confusion associated with the concept seems to stem from the belief that intuition is an irrational process. As a consequence, it is assumed that intuition can be neither fully understood nor explained. In this paper we discuss a number of issues relating to the nature of 'intuition'. We argue that intuition may be understood as an irrational process that has a rational basis. Intuitive thinking has certain essential features and involves the use of a sound, rational, relevant knowledge base in situations that, through experience, are so familiar that the person has learned how to recognize and act on appropriate patterns.

Awareness↗
PubMed2002

Intuition and the development of expertise in surgical ward and intensive care nurses.

AIM: The aim of this study was to explore and identify nurses' clinical expertise in surgical ward and intensive care settings in England. One of the objectives of the study and the focus of this paper was the exploration of these nurses' understanding and use of intuition in the context of their practice. BACKGROUND: Since 1980 many studies have investigated qualified nurses' use of intuition within aspects of their practice. However, it was Benner's (1982, 1984) seminal work that firmly established the relationship between intuition and expert clinical practice. Since that time a possible relationship between intuitive components of decision-making and nonexpert nurses' practice has remained relatively unexplored until recently. METHODS: This constructivist qualitative study incorporated observation and interview to explore 61 qualified nurses' expertise through their assessment of patients following major surgery. FINDINGS: Specific findings highlighted refinement in nurses' use of intuitive and analytical elements of decision-making across the four identified levels of expertise. The most fluent and effective use of intuitive and analytical components of decision-making was found in the expert group. CONCLUDING REMARKS: These results are discussed in relation to current understanding of the components of expert decision-making in nursing practice. Both intuitive and analytical elements should be recognized in any model that seeks to depict the true nature of nurses' decision-making as they develop clinical expertise.

Clinical Competence↗