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Results for “Island sign”

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14 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2026

Prognostic value of the Island sign for hematoma expansion and functional outcome after intracerebral hemorrhage: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

PURPOSE: The Island Sign (IS) is a radiological finding observed in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the association between IS and both hematoma expansion (HE) and functional outcomes by comparing ICH patients with and without IS. METHODS: We searched PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library for studies of intracerebral hemorrhage reporting the IS. The primary outcomes were functional status and hematoma expansion, secondary outcome was mortality. Statistical analysis was performed using RStudio, effect sizes were calculated as odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence interval (95% CIs), and heterogeneity was assessed with I2 statistics. In addition, meta-regression and sensitivity analyses were performed, and publication bias was assessed through funnel plots and Egger's regression test. RESULTS: We included 21 observational studies with a total of 9,459 patients with spontaneous ICH, 1,769 of them had IS, while 7,690 did not. The mean age was 63.5 ± 13.2 and 5,835 (61.7%) were male. Poor functional outcomes (OR 2.77, 95% CI: 2.14-3.58, p < 0.0001, I2 = 4.9%) and hematoma expansion (OR 2.75, 95% CI: 1.87-4.03, p < 0.0001, I2 = 77.4%) were substantially higher in patients with IS, as well as the overall mortality rate (OR 2.54, 95% CI: 1.55-4.17, p = 0.0002, I2 = 0%). Meta-regression analysis showed no statistically significant association between imaging-related timing variables and hematoma expansion. Furthermore, the leave-one-out sensitivity analyses showed that no single study exerted a disproportionate influence on the overall effect for the examined outcomes, and Egger's linear regression tests were not statistically significant for both outcomes. CONCLUSION: Patients with the Island Sign are associated with higher rates of poor functional outcomes and hematoma expansion. Thus, IS is a relevant radiological finding with potential to support early risk stratification and optimize patient management and treatment selection.

Humans↗

PubMed1978

Autosomal dominant system degeneration in Portuguese families of the Azores Islands. A new genetic disorder involving cerebellar, pyramidal, extrapyramidal and spinal cord motor functions.

We studied 40 patients in 15 families from the Portuguese Azores Islands. Each family was affected by an autosomal dominant genetic disorder. Symptoms began between ages 20 and 50. Ataxia, ophthalmoplegia, pyramidal signs, dystonia, rigidity, and distal atrophy were the major clinical findings. Evidence suggested that this was a single genetic disease, with variable phenotypic expression. Machado disease, nigrospinodentatal degeneration with nuclear ophthalmoplegia, and autosomal dominant striatonigral degeneration may be variations of this same genetic disease.

Adult↗

PubMed1977

Various effects of arsenic in Japan depending on type of exposure.

Since 1955, a number of outbreaks of arsenic poisoning have occurred throughout Japan among industrial workers and the general population. The sources and types of exposure differ according to the incident, and the victims vary in sex and age. These incidents include arsenic poisoning in milk, soy sauce, and well water, pollution originating from the Toroku Mine on the island of Kyushu, the Matsuo Mine in Shimane Prefecture and Saganoseki Smelter on Kyushu. The type, routes, and dose of exposure as well as major symptoms are given. The clinical signs and symptoms are discussed in relation to the various types of exposure which occurred in these incidents. Dose-response relationships will be considered where data are available.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Experimental study on the closure of large defects of the oral cavity using a free island flap with microvascular anastomosis.

The present study demonstrates that a free island flap with microvascular anastomosis may be used for the closure of a large defect in the oral cavity of the pig. In control cases, when a similar flap was transferred without microvascular anastomosis, a total and rapid slough occurred. Technical details are important in this kind of surgery. The island flap should be sized appropriately, cautiously defatted, and sutured into the defect before doing the microvascular anastomosis. Tension, torsion, or kinking of the vessels to be anastomosed must be meticulously avoided. In suturing these small vessels, microvascular techniques must be strictly adhered to. No anticoagulation is needed. The free island flap does not need to be perfused. Close observation of the flap's capillary refill, tissue turgor, and color is essential in the early postoperative period. More recently, Doppler technique has enabled us to monitor blood flow in the flap more accurately. If initial signs of venous congestion or arterial insufficiency are noted, examination of the anastomotic site can and should be done. Revision, if indicated, may result in rescue of the flap (as it was described in pig No. 8). The results of this experimental study allowed us recently to use this method successfully in two patients. Both had oral cavity carcinomas. In the first, the flap measured 5x7x2 cm and in the second 9x10x1.5 cm. They are now nine weeks and five weeks respectively, without any signs of failure. The details will be given when we have a series of patients adequate for a definitive report.

Abdominal Muscles↗

PubMed1979

Feline infectious peritonitis: a worldwide serosurvey.

Feline sera from 13 countries were assayed for coronavirus antibody, using a heterologous indirect immunofluorescence test. Significantly higher percentages of antibody carriers were obtained during testing randomly collected sera from mature males (greater than 1 year old) than in testing females of the same age. Antibodies were infrequently found in immature cats (less than 6 months old); at 1 year of age or older, a plateau was reached and little change in the percentage of seroconverted animals was observed. Differences were not detected between purebred cats vs mixed-breed cats or household vs stray cats. In animals showing clinical signs of feline infection peritonitis (FIP), antibodies were encountered with higher frequency than in clinically healthy cats. Significant differences in antibody incidence were found between countries, with a range between less than 10% and greater than 50% of seropositive individuals. Antibodies were detected in sera from an isolated cat population (Marion Island) and from wild-caught cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus). The antibody specificity for FIP virus was confirmed by neutralization tests. The antibody pattern in randomly collected solitary cats, in catteries, and cats with clinical FIP showed characteristic differences in titer and incidence. The implications of these results for the epizootiology of FIP are discussed.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Various changes in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism and the state of the islands of Langerhans in female rabbits after long-term feeding with food rich in carbohydrates and ovariectomy].

Experiments were conducted on 21 female rabbits. Prolonged excessive feeding with food rich in readily assimilated carbohydrates (bisquits) started at immature age caused hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the insular apparatus of the pancreas, particularly in ovariectomy. The average blood sugar level on fasting stomach displayed a significant reduction in ovariectomized female rabbits. Some female rabbits displayed signs of "exhaustion" of beta-cells of the islets of the pancreas, with the development of latent diabetes mellitus in one of them. Prolonged excessive feeding with food rich in readily assimilated carbohydrates led to the intensification of atherogenesis, most pronounced in the animals with signs of "exhaustion" of beta-cells of the islets of the pancreas.

Animals↗

PubMed1978

[The psychological behavior of patients in danger of infection under conditions of isolation].

36 patients with agranulocytosis among them 29 cancer patients were treated in a Life Island (LI) during totally 990 days and were studied for their psychological reactions. Another group of 9 patients among them 6 leukemia patients were treated in reverse isolation (RI) during 578 days. The psychological reactions of these patients were equally studied and were compared with those of the first group. Main reactions to the isolation in the LI were signs of deprivation, specially movement deprivation, as well as aggressive and regressive behaviour. The patients in RI showed on the other hand sensations of loneliness and boredom. To enter and to leave the LI was more important for the patients than the beginning and the end of RI. The isolation was never terminated for psychological reasons. The following factors are important for coping with the isolation; human bindings to doctors, nurses and relations, activities, music, religion as well as adequate information and an attitude of the patient himself which allows him to support the fact of the illness.

Adult↗

PubMed2025

Application of causal discovery of factors driving dissolved oxygen in estuarine environments.

Dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations in estuarine bottom waters are a manifestation of multiple, interacting physical and biogeochemical processes, yet identifying their independent contributions remains challenging. Here, we analyze monthly water quality monitoring data from eight stations across Long Island Sound from 1994 to 2022 using a causal discovery framework (PCMCI+) and transformation of forcing variables. Our goal is to identify and isolate variables that causally influence bottom DO and improve predictive models by minimizing overfitting and multicollinearity. PCMCI+ reveals surface-layer temperature as the most important and consistent negative driver of bottom DO, followed by stratification. Wind events exhibit only brief relief by advection and mixing, while river discharge shows no direct causal link to DO, making it less influential than previously thought. Biogeochemical variables, including chlorophyll-a (Chl-a), nitrate and nitrite, and particulate carbon, influence DO through both contemporaneous and time-lagged pathways, often with signs that shift depending on the process. The derived models were evaluated by comparing skill scores, mean squared error, and Akaike Information Criterion. Both model types perform well, with coefficient of determination values exceeding 0.90 at multiple stations using only 3-5 predictors. Our analysis reveals that the best causal predictors are surface-layer temperature, stratification, Chl-a, and particle carbon. This approach provides a scalable framework for improving prediction models and understanding the mechanistic links that control the seasonal variability of DO in estuarine systems.

Estuaries↗

PubMed1977

Mercury levels in residents of a geothermal area in the Central North Island.

As a result of previous high trace metal findings in the soil, cattle, vegetation and water of the Broadlands area of New Zealand a study was made of the levels of mercury, selenium, arsenic and zinc in a group of children from this region. Arsenic and zinc levels were found to be normal but significantly raised urinary spot mercury concentrations were found in some of the children when studied in December 1975 and 24 hour urinary mercury concentrations recorded six months later were also raised, but to a lesser degree. Samples of household tap water showed increased mercury concentrations (median 0.001 micromol/L). In agreement with other New Zealand studies the blood selenium concentrations were low (76.7 mu/L) and they did not vary in relation to urinary mercury levels. The children were also examined for signs of peripheral neuropathy but only minor abnormalities were found. The source of the elevated mercury is uncertain but it may come from drinking water or possibly from locally produced meat or vegetables.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1976

Trials with chlorpyrifos (Dursban) as a systemic insecticide against the cattle louse.

Data for louse control are presented chiefly on chlorpyrifos (Dursban) 0, 0-diethyl 0-(3, 5, 6-trichloro-2-pyridyl) phosphorothioate and fenchlorphos in one trial and chlorpyrifos and famphur in three trials. These animal systemics were tested on 168 dairy calves in four herds located in three regions of the North Island, New Zealand. Louse control, following single backline, dermal applications, showed 80%, 87% and 100% with dosages of chlorpyrifos at 5 mg, 13 mg and 20 to 200 mg per kg, respectively, and 100% and 93% with dosages of famphur at 20 mg per kg, respectively. Poor louse control (24 to 58%) with fenchlorphos was expected since this compound requires two applications 14 days apart. Ovicidal effect was demonstrated with chlorpyrifos and famphur. Minor scurfing and hair loss occurred on some calves with all compounds, but hair coats were normal 28 days after treatment. Calves given 100 mg to 200 mg per kg chlorpyrifos showed signs of organophosphate toxicity from 5 mins to 90 mins post-treatment but were normal thereafter.

Animals↗

PubMed2026

Genomic characterization and pathogenicity of ruminant Listeria monocytogenes isolates in a murine oral infection model.

Listeria monocytogenes is a major foodborne pathogen; its ruminant isolates display zoonotic characteristics, causing similar clinical signs in humans, including abortion and encephalitis. However, data on whole genome sequencing and pathogenicity of ruminant L. monocytogenes isolates remain sparse. This study aimed to analyze the genotypic characteristics of L. monocytogenes isolates from ruminants with listeriosis. Furthermore, we assessed the in vivo pathogenicity of four ruminant L. monocytogenes isolates, characterized via whole-genome sequencing-based genetic clustering, in orogastrically inoculated mice. The isolate LM18 (serotype 1/2b, ST224, SL6178) had the lowest lethal dose compared to the other three isolates including previous hypervirulence type (serotype 4b, ST1, SL1) and caused secondary bacteremia in lungs, with sustained bacterial loads in the spleen and liver. Genomic (listeria pathogenicity island -1 and -3) and virulence gene (actA and llsX) mutation analyses associated with virulence suggested from well-recognized studies could not elucidate the virulence of the isolates. SSI-1, which only exists in the isolate LM18 (serotype 1/2b, ST224, SL6178), may help L. monocytogenes survive in the gastrointestinal environment, thereby affecting its virulence. Further research should investigate the role of SSI-1 in the pathogenicity of L. monocytogenes. Moreover, additional studies utilizing larger datasets of ruminant isolates are required to validate our genotypic characterization and to obtain a comprehensive picture of further genotypic differences crucial for L. monocytogenes pathogenicity.

Animals↗

PubMed1979

Growth stimulation of aged cells in culture.

Human glial cultures of any passage consist of two populations of cells: those with mitotic ability, and the non-dividers. The fraction of non-dividers increases with age of the culture, and dominates in late passages. When cells from midphase II cultures (passage 28) were sparsely seeded in dishes containing agarose partially covered by small, isolated, palladium squares (haptotactic islands) they settled on the palladium squares but not on the agarose. 58% of the cells divided, and formed mini-clones which became density growth inhibited within 10 days in medium with 5% serum. The non-dividers comprised 42%. They showed a characteristic indolent motility pattern. When these cultures were exposed to 15% fetal calf serum and 2 ng/ml mEGF (mouse epidermal growth factor) for another 5 days, nine per cent of the solitary cells had divided, and DNA measurements showed another 20% to have entered the S phase. About 40% of the initial single cells presented morphological alterations after the stimulation which are known to be early signs of entrance into the cell cycle after blockage in G1/G0. The present results in combination with earlier findings suggest that "old" cells approaching the non-dividing state become increasingly insensitive to stimulation by growth-promoting factors.

Cell Cycle↗

PubMed1979

An evaluation of strategies to control vitamin A deficiency in the Philippines.

Xerophthalmia has been found to be an important cause of blindness in the Philippines. An earlier study had investigated its prevalence and epidemiology on the island of Cebu. The research now presented consists of an evaluation of the relative effectiveness of three different intervention strategies to control vitamin A deficiency in Cebu. These interventions were 1) a public health and horticulture intervention, 2) the provision of 200,000 IU of vitamin A to children every 6 months (the "capsule intervention"), and 3) the fortification of monosodium glutamate with vitamin A. A total of 12 areas or barangays were included. Each intervention was monitored in four different barangays, two urban and two rural, for almost 2 years. Similar examinations were performed before and after the interventions. The monosodium glutamate fortification was the only intervention that resulted both in a significant reduction in clinical signs of xerophthalmia and in a significant rise in serum vitamin A levels. Fortification is now being planned in three Philippine provinces.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2026

Non-parametric differential methylation analysis characterizes histotype-specific promoter regions in epithelial ovarian cancer.

Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is a heterogenous disease with frequent late-stage diagnosis and high mortality rates, for which no reliable screening tests exist. In recent years, epigenetic biomarkers in the form of DNA methylation in CpG-rich regions have gained increased attention in the scientific community due to their robust nature and accessibility, allowing for diagnosis without the need for invasive surgery. In this study, we investigated the aberrant methylation of promoter regions in early stage EOC through non-parametric methods, with the purpose of characterizing candidate epigenetic biomarkers. The approach was used on a cohort of early stage EOC samples, and results were compared to existing programs for differential methylation. Significant regions were then used to construct a CpG panel for stratifying EOC histotypes through predictive classification in external data. Identified promoter regions were highly reproducible across cohorts, and the constructed CpG model stratified histotypes in external cohorts through predictive classification. Comparisons against other DMP and DMR callers showed a degree of homogeneity between results but also revealed promoter regions that were overlooked despite clear signs of aberrant methylation. Finally, EOC histotypes were found to differ in their methylation distribution types, and results indicate that methods sensitive to non-normally distributed data may be poorly suited to compare groups with different distribution types. The non-parametric approach identified aberrantly methylated promoter regions that were highly reproducible across cohorts. Results from predictive classification indicate that these regions may be useful for the purpose of EOC histotype stratification.

Humans↗