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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1979

Randomized comparison of clinical performance of two copper-releasing IUDs, Nova-T and Copper-T-200, in Denmark, Finland and Sweden.

A randomized study was conducted simultaneously in three countries to compare the clinical performance of two new IUDs, the Nova-T and Copper-T-200. Forty-four persons, midwives, general practitioners, residents and specialists in obstetrics and gynecology inserted 907 Nova-Ts and 936 Copper-Ts. The pregnancy rate of Nova-T (0.7 at one year) was significantly lower than that of Copper-T (2.2 at one year). No significant differences were observed in other termination rates. The continuation rates were 72.6 for Nova-T and 71.3 for Copper-T-200. The total experience was based on 18,035 woman months of use, with a lost to follow-up of less than 7 per cent for both IUDs.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Nulliparous women, IUD and pelvic infection.

Two copper-releasing IUDs were compared in a randomized study performed simultaneously in Denmark, Finland and Sweden. Pelvic infections were carefully observed and the IUDs removed when these were diagnosed. The overall removal rate because of infection was low during the year. The rates were the same with each device overall and in different age and parity groups. The rate was higher in women under 25, in nulliparae and primiparae but lower in the 25-29 age group, in those over 35, and in women having two or more children. The insertion was performed always during menstruation or few days after. It seems that the removal rate because of infection reflected the sexual behaviour of women more than the parity or the use of an IUD.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

[Intrauterine contraceptive devices. Mode of action, experiences, complications (author's transl)].

Already in 1909 methods of an intrauterine contraception were indicated in Germany. Their practical use was intiated twenty years later by Ernst Graefenberg. Further development almost exclusively takes place in the USA, whereas the major part of basic investigations has been done. The introduction of copper bearing IUD's undoubtedly increased the safety of intrauterine contraception. Investigations concerning the morphology of the endometrial contact area (f.e. by SEM) and the evaluation of certain biochemical facts associated with the release of copper ions, lead to hypotheses of the mode of action. A randomized comparative study of CuT 200 verus Lippes Loop D demonstrates similar pregnancy rates with both types of IUD, but a moderate advantage of the CuT 200 in regard of the expulsion rate and the removal rates due to bleeding and/or pains. The author stresses that it might be medically indicated to terminate pregnancy when a woman has conceived in spite of a copper bearing IUD in situ. His statement is in correspondence to the recommendations of the Population Council, but nevertheless, this problem as yet is far of being solved unanimously. Most complications associated with the IUD are due to incorrect insertion. It is therefore postulated to insert the IUD menstrually, maintaining strictly sterile conditions, a non-deformed uterus being hooked on a bullet forceps. As already anticipated by Ludwig Fraenkel a careful insertion should be done by experienced doctors only, this fact counteracting the widespread use of this contraceptive method to be in the second place as compared to hormonal contraception.

Abortion, Legal↗
PubMed1975

[Ultrasound localization of intrauterine contraceptive devices in the laboratory and in patients (author's transl)].

Three frequently used IUD's were studied in model experiments by ultrasound. The position of the IUD in the uterine cavity can be best outlined by longitudinal and transverse ultrasound section of the uterus in the anteflected or retroflected position. Only rarely can the position of the IUD be properly visualized if the uterus is in middle position and the applicator placed transversly. There is the possibility of misinterpretation of the string as an IUD. The data correlate well with ultrasound results of women wearing an IUD.

Female↗
PubMed1975

Effect of intrauterine devices on sperm transport in the human being: preliminary report.

This investigation was designed to determine the effect of the intrauterine contraceptive device (IUD) on the early phase of sperm transport. Previously we have shown that in normal midcyle subjects the maximal number of sperm recovered from the oviducts occurred between ten and 45 minutes after vaginal insemination. Four normal subjects, three of whom had IUD's in situ for at least eight months (copper T, Dalkon shield, and loop) and one a loop for one month, were studied in a similar manner. All subjects were inseminated at midcycle and had bilateral abdominal salpingectomies 15 to 30 minutes after insemination. No sperm were present in the oviducts of any of the subjects. The results of this study indicate that the IUD interferes with sperm transport in the human being. Additional subjects are now being studied at different time intervals after insemination in order to determine the entire effect of the IUD upon sperm transport.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Factors affecting intrauterine contraceptive device performance. I. Endometrial cavity length.

The relationship of endometrial cavity length to intrauterine contraceptive device (IUD) performance was evaluated in 319 patients wearing three types of devices. The rate of events, defined as pregnancy, expulsion, or medical removal, increased significantly when the length of the IUD was equal to, exceeded, or was shorter by two or more centimeters than the length of the endometrial cavity. Total uterine length was found to be a less accurate prognostic indicator of IUD performance than endometrial cavity length alone.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

A new procedure for the statistical evaluation of intrauterine contraception.

An improved statistical method for assessing the efficacy of intrauterine contraception is presented. This method, called the log-rank method, is based on a daily life table, which yields the best estimates of the cumulative net termination probabilities. It provides a sensitive chi-square test statistic to detect differences among these probabilities for two or more contraceptive devices. When three or more devices are compared, the chi-square statistic may be partitioned into additive components representing comparisons among groups of devices. The log-rank method also permits adjusting for differences among subgroups by controlling for factors such as parity or age. Although calculations may be performed on a desk calculator, a FORTRAN-IV computer program is made available to interested researchers.

Computers↗
PubMed1979

Effect of prior pregnancy and combined oral contraceptives on baseline menstrual blood loss and bleeding response to intrauterine devices.

No effect of pregnancy was found on baseline menstrual blood loss (MBL) in women within one year of parturition or abortion. The increased bleeding response of women to intrauterine devices (IUDs) was found to be independent of pregnancy status during the year preceding IUD sertion. Women pregnant within a year of insertion had no different MBL than those pregnant more than a year prior to insertion. MBL quantified in subjects within three months of discontinuing combined oral contraceptives (OCs) was significantly lower than in prior non-OC users. Furthermore, MBL was significantly reduced in the former group during the first three menses following IUD insertion. At the sixth and twelfth menses post-insertion, MBL was still lower in prior OC users, but the difference between users and non-users was less and no longer statistically significant.

Contraceptive Devices, Female↗
PubMed1979

A comparative study of the effect of the Progestasert TM and Gravigard IUDs on dysmenorrhoea.

Data obtained from questionnaires on the occurrence of dysmenorrhoea in women using IUDs inserted randomly (146 of them Progestasert and 149 Copper 7) are analyzed. In both groups a reduction in the intensity of menstrual cramps was observed over 12 months of use. Although these reductions are significant in each group, they are slightly higher in Progestasert users. However, on comparing the reduction tendencies of both groups, the difference between them is not significant. No significant differences become apparent either when comparing premenstrual and intermenstrual camps. The usefulness of simple questionnaires directed at detecting the nature of pain in currently used family planning forms for IUD users is discussed.

Actuarial Analysis↗
PubMed1976

The radiology of the intrauterine contraceptive device.

Some intrauterine devices are of low radiographic density and require careful technique for their demonstration. The main indications for radiology are to exclude deformity, which reduces the loop's efficiency, perforation of the uterus, or expulsion of the loop.

Cervix Uteri↗