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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

[Seroprevalence of HIV among pregnant women in the ten regions of the Ivory Coast].

UNLABELLED: Ivory Coast, a sub-Saharan African country, has 14 million inhabitants. Two AIDS cases were reported to the WHO in 1985. By December 31st 1996, there were a total of 37,878 AIDS cases in Ivory Coast, 6,727 of which were new cases reported in 1996. Heterosexual transmission is the predominant means of HIV infection in Africa and women of childbearing age account for a substantial proportion of the individuals infected. The aim of this study was to follow the progression of infection in the various regions of the country by comparing data from two time periods: Period I: 1986 to 1989; Period II: 1994 to 1996. MATERIALS AND METHODS LOCATION: Samples were taken in regional maternal and child protection centers. Recruitment method: Women were recruited anonymously, during their antenatal care. BIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS: Period I (1986 to 1989), 2,604 pregnant women. Anti-HIV antibodies were detected with: Abbott HIV-1 EIA Recombinant (Chicago) used initially, for 1,200 sera; Abbott HIV-1/HIV-2 Recombinant (Chicago) used later for the remaining sera. There was no commercially available test for HIV-2 during this first period, so all samples with Rm0.8 (R = optical density/cut-off) were also tested by western blotting. Period II (1994 to 1996), 2,935 pregnant women. All sera were tested with Enzygnost HIV-1-2 and Enzygnost HIV-1-2 Plus, produced by Behring (Germany). All sera testing positive in EIA were also tested by western blotting. RESULTS: The prevalence of HIV infection was 4.23% for Period I and 12.53% for Period II. No region of Ivory Coast was completely free of these 2 viruses after the mid-1980s. Women aged 20 to 29 years of age were the most likely to be infected, for both periods. The highest prevalence of HIV-2 was that for women aged between 20 and 29 years and HIV-2 infection occurred mostly in the South, Southwest and West regions. DISCUSSION: The prevalence of HIV infection is now at least 10% in each region of the country. Abidjan is no longer the city with the highest levels of infection, as shown by the results for Period II. The East and West have the highest levels of HIV infection, and the prevalence of HIV in these areas is significantly higher than that for Abidjan (p = 0.007 for the East and p = 0.009 for the West).

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Conditions of anesthesia practice on the Ivory Coast.

The Ivory Coast is one of the most developed countries in Africa, but conditions of practice of anesthesia are difficult. From anesthesia equipment to medications that are available, all resources are limited, and nurse anesthetists as well as sole anesthesia providers, have to manage with isolation and lack of information in uncomfortable situations.

Anesthesia↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Waterworks and public health in Ivory Coast].

In Ivory Coast, the provision for good drinking water has received priority attention since 1973. The National Water-works Programme which started in 1975, is progressing satisfactorily. All over the country, villages and towns are being equipped with hydraulic machines and other structures for the production and distribution of good drinking water. This has contributed in no small way to the control of certain diseases related to water pollution. The authors think however that a lot still needs to be done especially to inform and to educate the village communities and to control the quality of the drinking water. These actions should check water pollution and encourage people in the rural areas to drink portable pipe-borne water.

Cote d'Ivoire↗
PubMed2002

[Human African trypanosomiasis in Ivory Coast: biological characteristics after treatment. 812 cases treated in the Daloa focus (Ivory Coast)].

The treatment and post therapeutic follow up of patients diagnosed with HAT are important for HAT control. A longitudinal survey was implemented in the focus of Daloa (Côte d'Ivoire). A total of 812 patients infected with Trypanosoma brucei gambiense in meningoencephalitic stage and treated with melarsoprol were included, this study pointed out the biological characteristics of patients after treatment. The relapse occurs between 1 and 24 months after treatment. It is essentially neurological, and characterised by the presence in the CSF of antibodies, by the increase of cell count compared with value immediately after treatment, or by the presence of trypanosomes. The cure can be confirmed from 18 months after treatment, and is characterised by the absence of antibodies and trypanosomes in the CSF, by a normal cell count and a normal proteinorachy. Biological scares were recorded on some of the patients after 18 months of follow up, but no relapse occurred among them.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Analgesic and antiinflammatory activities of an extract from Parkia biglobosa used in traditional medicine in the Ivory Coast.

In the Ivory coast, Parkia biglobosa (Mimosaceae) is used in traditional medicine as an analgesic drug, especially against dental pain. Of the three extracts obtained from the plant bark, the hexane fraction was studied to determine its analgesic and/or antiinflammatory activities. The results show that this extract possesses a marked analgesic activity when evaluated with the abdominal writhing test in mice, but, like paracetamol, was ineffective with the hot-plate method, a feature suggesting a peripheral mechanism of action. This activity was accompanied by an antiinflammatory effect, somewhat weaker than the analgesic one.

Analgesics↗
PubMed1987

Prevalence of human T-lymphotropic retroviruses type III (HIV) and type IV in Ivory Coast.

Serological investigations in the Ivory Coast indicate that, despite the rarity of overt acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is widely prevalent. So also is human T-lymphotropic virus type IV (HTLV-IV). The highest rates of HIV and HTLV-IV seropositivity were observed in female prostitutes. These findings suggest that, like HIV, HTLV-IV can be transmitted by heterosexual contact, and that the mobility of prostitutes may be an important factor in spread of the retroviruses in Africa. The incidence of HIV-associated AIDS in the Ivory Coast is likely to rise sharply in the next few years.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1996

[From Ivory Coast to Italy. Burkina Faso migration patterns and national interests].

"Ivory Coast represents nowadays the first immigration country of West Africa.... The movement of Burkinabe migrants [from Burkina Faso], Bissa in particular, from Ivory Coast to Italy does not improve the fundamental instability.... Italian restrictive immigration policy, at the beginning of the 1990s, in accordance with [the] Schengen agreement, has progressively prevented Burkinabe immigrants from obtaining a regular status, which would assure them of basic rights.... New Italian laws, like the French immigration policy of the mid 1970s, are in fact discouraging return migration and fostering stable migration with the relevant integration policy for those, a small number indeed, who are granted a residence permit." (SUMMARY IN ENG)

Acculturation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Epidemiological study of pulmonary hydatid cyst in the Ivory Coast. 3 cases].

No cases of echinococcus have been reported up to this time in Ivory Coast, where it has been considered non-existant in either pulmonary or hepatic form. The three cases of pulmonary echinococcus reported here show the classic paucity of clinical symptoms associated with classical radiological findings. The epidemiological research confirms in one case definite infection occurring in Ivory Coast and the other two either in the Ivory Coast or in closely neighbouring areas.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Epidemiological aspects of meningitis in the north of the Ivory Coast].

Classically, the North of Ivory Coast is not part of the "meningitis belt". However, recent health statistics put in light some recent outbreaks in this part of the country, the last one in the years 1983-1985. The authors have studied this last outbreak and it can be foreseen that these epidemics will appear again as in the more Northern countries. Therefore it is desirable to set up a monitoring system to better organize the fight against this disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis in a prison setting: experience in the penal camp of Bouaké, Ivory Coast.

SETTING: Bouaké prison camp, Ivory Coast. OBJECTIVE: To determine the clinical, radiographic and therapeutic characteristics of smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis in the prison camp of Bouaké. METHODS: The study included 108 cases of smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis who had never been treated previously. Triple chemotherapy of 6 months' duration was recommended for all of the patients. RESULTS: The incidence of smear positive tuberculosis in the prison population under study was very high (5.8%). In the majority of cases tuberculosis infection is associated with other conditions: here they were malnutrition (75%), anaemia (70%) and dermatoses (64%). Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection was observed in 30% of the cases, and alcohol and tobacco dependence in 50%. Radiographic lesions were extensive in 70% of the cases. The 6-month treatment regimen is still effective: 80 of the 108 (74.1%) were cured, i.e. 97.6% of those who completed their treatment. The death rate, however, was alarming at 24% (one patient in four). The main reason for incarceration was theft (73%). CONCLUSION: Other epidemiological studies are needed urgently in order to pin-point those factors that favour the progression from tuberculous infection to disease in this very specific setting, and to improve socio-sanitary conditions for prison inmates.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed1999

Genetic analysis of human immunodeficiency virus in Abidjan, Ivory Coast reveals predominance of HIV type 1 subtype A and introduction of subtype G.

To better understand the molecular epidemiology of HIV genetic diversity in Abidjan, Ivory Coast, we performed a genetic analysis of 170 HIV-1-seropositive specimens representing newly diagnosed tuberculosis patients (n = 143) and women monitored in a mother-to-child transmission cohort study (n = 27). Preliminary screening with RFLP presumptively classified 162 (95.3%) of these as subtype A. The envelope region of 108 specimens was subtyped by sequence analysis: 102 (94.4%) were subtype A, 2 (1.9%) were subtype D, and 4 (3.7%) were subtype G. Subtyping gag and env regions of the genome suggested that five of the six nonsubtype A isolates exhibited a potentially mosaic structure. A comparative phylogenetic analysis of HIV-1 subtype A C2V3 from 27 Ivory Coast and 21 Ugandan sequences revealed a striking clustering among Ivory Coast variants, and an independent segregation from Ugandan subtype A. Despite independent clustering with other subtype A specimens, limited variability of the V3 loop apex was observed; the globally predominant V3 motif, GPGQ, represented 90.1% of the HIV-1 strains. This study demonstrates that clade A is the predominant HIV-1 subtype in HIV-seropositive individuals in Abidjan, Ivory Coast and that these strains are phylogenetically distinct from other subtype A strains observed in East Africa.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Report on 5 years of expanded program of vaccination in an experimental zone in Ivory Coast].

Started in june 1978 in the Abengourou District (Ivory Coast) the expanded program on immunization (E.P.I.) was assessed in june 1983 by the mean of a vaccinal survey, after five years of implementation. This survey was conducted in both urban circle where E.P.I. was fully in operation from 1978, and rural circle where it was progressively implemented to reach about 3/4 of the villages by 1983. The authors report and compare the findings in terms of global vaccinal coverage towards the six diseases covered by the E.P.I. in town (71,7%) and in rural area (42,6%). Their report includes the results of a survey about the sanitary protection of the children and about the respect of the ideal immunization schedule and recommended in Ivory Coast (39,9% in town and 6,2% in rural area). In considering measles, they attempt to understand the true benefit of such a plan in terms of reduced mortality and morbidity rate from 15,8% to 0,9%. Considering their findings, the authors recommend to concentrate efforts in two directions for the coming years. To better cover the rural zones. To better respect the ideal immunization schedule.

BCG Vaccine↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Some epidemiologic aspects of yaws in the Ivory Coast.

Because of the prevailing high levels of yaws, a mass treatment campaign was conducted in the Ivory Coast from 1956 to 1970. In 1970, at the end of the mass campaign, less than 30,000 cases of yaws were reported. After 1970, a program of detection and treatment of remaining foci of infection was carried out to control the disease. The number of cases reported annually continued to decline until 1974, when the number of reported cases began to rise. Since 1980, the annual reported incidence of yaws has declined. It is concluded that the mass campaign of 1956-1970 reduced the endemicity of yaws in the Ivory Coast. However, significant foci of the disease remain, and efforts to detect and treat yaws must be continued to prevent a resurgence of this infection in the Ivory Coast.

Cote d'Ivoire↗
PubMed1994

[Stegomyian indices and epidemiological status of yellow fever in a rural area of the Ivory Coast].

The M'bahiakro region, located in the center of Ivory Coast and inhabited by the N'gain, has been the scene of a yellow fever epidemic since 1982. This region reunites all the conditions for cyclic emergence of the flavivirus given the current epidemiologic pattern of yellow fever in Africa. In view of this situation ORSTOM, in collaboration with the Pasteur Institute of Ivory Coast, has created a pilot zone for epidemiologic surveillance of yellow fever in this region. The N'gain region which has a total population of 12,000 living in 20 villages with between 100 and 2000 inhabitants is located in a preforest area with an attenuated transitional climate characterized by a dry season and a rainy season with two peak periods of precipitation (May and October) but a low mean annual rainfall (1172 mm). There are few springs, wells and rivers and maintaining water supplies is difficult. As a result villagers stockpile rainwater in various types of containers. Inspections were carried out from February to July in the 20 villages of the region. Each room of every dwelling was registered and visited. Water reserves were inspected and those containing pre-imaginal stage Culicidae were counted as positive. Nymphs and larva were sometimes collected. Nymphs were raised and larva preserved. Species identification by the laboratory was based on these larva and imagos obtained by raising the nymphs. Correspondence tables established by the World Health Organization between stegomiyan indices (dwelling), container, BRETEAU) and flavivirus in the population were used to exploit the results.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗