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18 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1976

Analyst biases in KAP surveys: a cross-cultural comparison.

The analysis phase of the KAP survey, in which meanings are ascribed to found empirical relationships, has largely been ignored in investigations of this data-gathering method. In order to determine the extent to which a lack of familiarity with the culture of data origin might influence survey interpretation, standardized KAP survey data from Bangladesh were presented to four groups of analysts who differed in degree of familiarity with the Bangladesh culture. Meanings ascribed by the analysts to the same empirical relationships were found to vary significantly by the degree to which they were familiar with the culture.

Bangladesh↗
PubMed2026

Harnessing survey data across multiple demographic groups in Illinois to assess survey questions and reveal insights about ticks and tick-borne disease risk: a meta-comparison study.

BACKGROUND: Ticks and tick-borne diseases (TTBDs) are major public and veterinary health issues, existing at the intersection of behavioral, environmental, ecological, climatic, and entomological factors. Knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) surveys have become an insightful tool to yield information regarding the behavioral factors that can predispose individuals to TTBDs. Here we present a unique meta-comparison study of six KAP surveys on TTBDs conducted in Illinois among various demographics: farmers, Extension workers, general public, veterinary, human medicine, and public health professionals. Our goals were multi-fold: (a) to develop an approach to compare KAP surveys used across several stakeholders on a subject of public health concern (i.e., TTBD risk), (b) to analyze the usefulness of questions for revealing information on TTBDs across varied demographic groups in Illinois, and (c) to reveal qualitative insights from the open text survey responses across these surveyed groups. METHODS: We conducted comparative and item response theory (IRT) analysis of all the surveyed questions, which yielded a final set of 39 questions on knowledge and practices, most of them with discriminatory power. Independent textual analysis of the survey responses led to the development of eight separate sub-categories across three main super categories: ticks and tick-borne disease (TBD) risk, TBD treatment and management, and TBD prevention. RESULTS: This study not only introduces a novel approach for comparing multiple KAP surveys on the topic of TTBDs, but also highlights gaps regarding TTBD knowledge, perceptions, and prevention measures among a variety of stakeholders and calls for tailored training and awareness campaigns to reduce the burden of TBDs in the Midwestern US. This meta-comparison approach unveils additional insights from the combined analyses of the KAP surveys. We also discuss perspectives of the surveyed demographics, their experiences with TTBDs, and provide recommendations for future public health efforts. CONCLUSION: These results can guide public health campaigns around TBDs in the United States and help reduce the increasing burden of TBDs on humans and animals.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Language differences and the family planning survey.

Language is an important but often neglected source of non-sampling error in family planning surveys. This paper examines the problems of language usage and of translation, in KAP surveys in particular, using examples from African and other research experience. The authors emphasize that language pervades all stages of family planning surveys, pointing out that interpretations of survey results should take into account the possibility of the influence of language differences. Various measures are suggested that can contribute to minimizing this source of response error.

Africa↗
PubMed1977

Levels of reliability in fertility survey data.

A number of factual and attitudinal questions asked in the 1973 Taiwan KAP-4 survey were repeated in a postenumeration survey one month later in order to assess the reliability of responses of the 286 women reinterviewed. The level of reliability is found to vary depending on the measures used and on whether the focus is aggregate data or individual responses. Analysis of consistency of responses shows that while overall reliability at both aggregate and individual levels is reasonably good, there is greater reliability for factual than for attitudinal data. Nevertheless, consistency of responses on factual questions varies considerably depending on the salience of the topic to the respondent. Estimates of reliability are shown to depend on the measure used and on the skewness of the distributions of the responses.

Contraception↗
PubMed2025

Men's Knowledge, Attitudes, Practices, Cultural Beliefs, and Perceived Risk and Susceptibility Regarding Prostate Cancer in the Vhembe District, Limpopo Province, South Africa.

BACKGROUND: Prostate cancer (PCa) awareness and knowledge among men in Vhembe District, Limpopo Province, South Africa, remain inadequately studied despite the high local burden of the disease. This study investigates the knowledge, attitudes, practices, cultural beliefs, and perceived risk of PCa among men aged 40 and above in selected villages under the Mphaphuli and Niani tribal authorities. METHODS: A quantitative survey was conducted with 431 men, utilizing a questionnaire adapted from the African Women Awareness of Cancer (AWACAN) tool. The questionnaire, translated into Tshivenda, assessed socio-demographic data, awareness, knowledge of risk factors and symptoms, health-seeking behavior, and barriers to seeking medical help. RESULTS: The study revealed that 51.3% of participants had heard of PCa, while 48.7% had not. Awareness varied significantly with age, relationship status, education level, and language. Older men and those with higher education levels were more knowledgeable about PCa. Clinics, hospitals, and media were the primary sources of information. Misconceptions about risk factors were prevalent, with 24.0% of men indicating a preference for traditional healers for PCa symptoms. Barriers to medical help included fear of the disease, procedural fears, and cultural taboos. Multivariate analysis identified significant factors associated with PCa knowledge, including age, language, access to tap water, and cell phone ownership. CONCLUSION: These findings underscore the importance of targeted educational interventions considering sociodemographic and cultural contexts. Future public health initiatives should focus on bridging the gap between traditional and modern medical practices to enhance health outcomes in the Vhembe District and similar settings.

Humans↗
PubMed1977

Implications of attitude-behavior studies for population research and action.

Results of many family planning surveys do not suggest that attitudes are strongly predictive of family planning practices. An inquiry into methodological issues suggests two recommendations for improvement of research procedures. First, more attention must be paid to the reliability of the questionnaires by which attitudes and practices are measured. Second, questions on attitudes and practices should refer to the same action or object and to the same period of time. The available evidence suggests that implementation of these procedures can lead to identification of stronger linkages between family planning attitudes and practices, and to survey results having greater practical utility.

Family Planning Services↗
PubMed1979

Do intentions predict fertility? The experience in Taiwan, 1967-74.

Are responses to survey questions about desire for additional children useful in predicting future fertility? Data from Taiwan covering the years 1967--74, a period of rapid fertility decline and increasing contraceptive practice, indicate that reproductive intentions and contraceptive use were very good predictors of subsequent fertility. Whether more children were wanted was itself the most important determinant of contraceptive use. Aggregate consistency between attitudes and behavior was higher than found in US surveys during the same period. Similar studies are needed to determine whether statements of intentions have predictive value in other settings as well.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

The changing African family project: a report with special reference to the Nigerian segment.

The Changing African Family Project was begun in 1973 as a cooperative venture of the Sociology Department of the University of Ibadan and the Demography Department of the Australian National University, with research institutes and individual researchers in 11 representative countries of Africa, to investigate the preconditions for fertility decline. This paper reports initial initial findings from the large Nigerian segment of the project, which was used as a laboratory, and presents technical information about the surveys, as well as findings on economic supports for high fertility, factors affecting fertility, the role of sexual abstinence in determining fertility levels, the increase in contraception and its relation to family size limitation, and the incidence and nature of achieved small families. Information is also provided on the projects in Cameroon, the Congo (Brazzaville), Ghana, and the Sudan.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Birth interval study in a culturally stable urban population.

Five hundred women were interviewed within 2 days of delivery to examine indigenous birth spacing among the urban and rural population of Ife township. The crude birth interval was between 30 and 40 months due mainly to cultural attitudes towards lactation and sexual abstinence. The women studied possessed considerable knowledge of Western contraceptive methods, but they rejected them. The possible cause of this rejection is examined and solutions to the problem are suggested.

Birth Rate↗
PubMed1979

Coital and contraceptive behavior of female adolescents.

Structural interviews conducted with 532 female clients of a teen contraceptive clinic revealed a moderate level of coital activity i(in terms of both frequency of intercourse and number of partners) which typically began at age 15. Prior use of contraception was sporadic and almost exclusively confined to nonprescription methods. Primary reasons for nonuse of birth control included fear of lessening the pleasure of intercourse and lack of access to contraception. The data indicate that a combination of comprehensive sex education and ready access to birth control is necessary to prevent unintended adolescent pregnancy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Sexual knowledge, attitudes, and practice of Israeli adolescents.

A study of 4,976 high-school students in Israel, representative of this age group for the entire country except for 13 percent who attend religious schools, revealed that about one-third of the boys aged 14-15 and almost one-half of those in the 16-17 age category have had sexual intercourse. The respective figures for girls are 6 percent and 16 percent. Age at onset of sexual activity was found to be higher and the level of knowledge about the same as in reports from the Western world. Students of Oriental origin, as well as those considering themselves religious or traditional tended to be less active sexually, more conservative in their attitudes, and less knowledgeable. In contrast, students of both sexes residing in kibbutzim were found to be more active sexually and more knowledgeable. A double standard for girls was accepted, especially among the female respondents, except in the kibbutzim. A subgroup of girls highly sexually active, in contrast to their own attitudes, has been identified, and possible reasons for this discordance discussed. As sexual activity among teenagers is becoming more prevalent, comprehensive and early sex education school programs should be encouraged.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2026

Antibiotic Self-Medication and Public Awareness During the 2023 Gaza War: A Cross-Sectional Investigation.

BACKGROUND: Antimicrobial resistance is driven by inappropriate antibiotic use, particularly self-medication. The 2023 Gaza War disrupted healthcare services, increasing resistant infections and reliance on self-treatment practices. OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence of antibiotic self-medication and assess public awareness during the 2023 Gaza War. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted between May and October 2025 among adults residing in the Gaza Strip during the 2023 Gaza War. A multistage non-probability recruitment strategy, organized across predefined governorate and residential-setting strata, was used to recruit 422 participants from primary healthcare centers, community pharmacies, and displacement shelters. The questionnaire demonstrated good internal consistency (Cronbach's &#x3b1;&#x202f;=&#x202f;0.857). Ethical approval was obtained from the relevant institutional review board, and informed consent was secured from all participants. RESULTS: The overall KAP score was moderate (67.46%), with attitudes scoring highest (74.62%), followed by knowledge (66.23%) and practices (61.52%). Reported antibiotic self-medication increased from 60.4% before the war to 80.6% during the war (p < 0.001), with significant changes in reasons for self-medication and antibiotic procurement sources. The mean antimicrobial-resistance perception score was 82.19 &#xb1; 11.10%, and knowledge was strongly correlated with the total KAP score (r&#x202f;=&#x202f;0.836, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Reported antibiotic self-medication was markedly higher during the 2023 Gaza War despite moderate public awareness, highlighting the urgent need for education, antibiotic stewardship, and improved healthcare accessibility.

Gaza War 2023↗
PubMed1979

Past and current contraceptive use in Pakistan.

Despite a vigorous national family planning program and such innovations as the Continuous Motivation System, there has been little change in contraceptive use in Pakistan in recent years. Data from the 1968-69 National Impact Survey and the 1975 World Fertility Survey for Pakistan show that, while use rates increased by a small amount in urban areas, the rates in rural areas seem to have declined. Even in urban areas contraceptive use is low in comparison with other developing countries that began family planning programs around the same time. Although this is probably due to differences in economic development, further investigation of program structure and inputs is recommended.

Adolescent↗