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Results for “KARYOMETRY”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1998

Urinary NMP22 and karyometry in the diagnosis and follow-up of patients with superficial bladder cancer.

OBJECTIVE: To study the value of two outpatient urine tests with regard to the diagnosis and recurrence of bladder tumors. METHODS: Fifty patients with a history of superficial bladder cancer were evaluated with urinary NMP22 levels (cutoff level 10 U/ml), bladder wash karyometry (low versus intermediate and high risk) and cystoscopy. All patients were followed for 1 year. RESULTS: Diagnostic negative and positive predictive values (NPV and PPV) of the tests were, respectively: NMP22 91.2 and 56.3%, and karyometry 80 and 33.3%. Prognostic NPV and PPV with regard to a subsequent recurrence were, respectively: NMP22 77.8 and 27.3%, and karyometry 82.6 and 50%. CONCLUSION: The diagnostic value of NMP22 is good. Since the 3 false-negative results were in low-stage and low-grade lesions, this test could be used as a prescreening for cystoscopy. The NPV of these tests with regard to tumor recurrence is around 80%, but only karyometry has a significant PPV. Change in the follow-up policy on the basis of these tests remains difficult. In patients with neobladders NMP22 appears to be of little use, because of the high urinary NMP22 levels in the absence of malignancy.

Aged↗

PubMed2002

Differentiating benign nevi from malignant melanoma using DNA microdensitometry and karyometry and maturation: a zonal comparison, correlation and multivariate analysis.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the diagnostic effectiveness of cytometric features of DNA microdensitometry, karyometry (nuclear morphometry) and maturation and their combinations in separating benign nevi from malignant melanomas. STUDY DESIGN: Tumor cells were measured from each of the superficial, middle and deep zones of 81 melanocytic lesions using video image analysis for nuclear DNA content, chromatin compactness, and nuclear size and shape variables. There were 27 banal compound melanocytic nevi, 20 dysplastic compound nevi, 10 Spitz nevi and 24 malignant melanomas (MM). Maturation of cells with depth into the dermis was also studied by comparing cells from superficial to deep zones. RESULTS: MM showed distinct characteristics of DNA microdensitometry, karyometry and maturation as compared to all groups of benign nevi. There were overall close correlations between nuclear DNA content variables and nuclear size parameters in the total group of 81 lesions. However, there were fewer significant correlations between the various indices in the group of melanomas alone. Using multivariate discriminant analysis, up to 97% of the lesions could be correctly separated as benign or malignant by a combination of five key microdensitometric, karyometric and maturation parameters. CONCLUSION: DNA microdensitometry, karyometry and maturation parameters have independent abilities in identifying individual malignant melanomas. Coevaluation of various cytometric features and maturation profiles offers better diagnostic ability in separating benign nevi from MM.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2005

Karyometry in the early detection and chemoprevention of intraepithelial lesions.

The ideal chemopreventive agent targets pre-neoplastic changes and intraepithelial neoplasia, preventing progression over time without notable side effects. Assessment of success of chemopreventive intervention in the short and medium term remains a challenge, and in this review the suggestion is investigated that karyometric measurements constitute suitable markers of chemopreventive efficacy. Karyometry provides the sensitivity required to detect small differences amidst relatively high biological variability. It can help establish progression curves of intraepithelial neoplasia (IEN) to invasive cancer, and thus detect chemopreventive effects. Such effects can be observed in two ways, at the group level (intervention vs. placebo), and at the case (or patient) level. The latter is more difficult to establish, necessitating the development of specialised statistical methods. Analysis of between-case and within-case heterogeneity can reveal useful information about cancer progression and prevention. We suggest that karyometry can objectively quantify IEN progression, providing a framework for statistically securing chemopreventive effects. It can act as an integrating biomarker by detecting chemopreventive activity even when the mechanism for a given progression pathway is unknown, or when multiple pathways exist. The sensitivity of karyometric detection can help optimise the design of clinical trials of novel chemopreventive agents by decreasing trial duration and/or sample size.

Antineoplastic Agents↗

PubMed2003

Subvisual changes in chromatin organization state are detected by karyometry in the histologically normal urothelium in patients with synchronous papillary carcinoma.

This study analyzed the chromatin organization state in histologically normal urothelium in patients with synchronous papillary carcinoma using digital texture analysis. The quantitative evaluation was carried out on hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections from 17 cases of urothelial papillary carcinoma in which a simultaneous biopsy specimen featuring histologically normal urothelium was available. Five bladder biopsy specimens of histologically normal urothelium from patients with prostate pathology in whom cystoscopy revealed a normal bladder mucosa were also analyzed. Karyometry showed that the 17 cases of papillary carcinoma, morphologically classified according to the 1973 World Health Organization scheme, belonged to a continuous spectrum or trend curve spanning grade 1 to grade 3. An abnormal pattern and distribution of the nuclear chromatin was seen in the normal-looking urothelium from the 17 bladders with papillary lesions. When this population was plotted along the trend curve, it occupied an intermediate position between the normal samples and samples from grade 1 carcinoma. When the nuclei were considered individually, the changes were detected only in a subpopulation of nuclei with chromatin alteration pointing toward that seen in grade 1 cases, even though distinct from them. In conclusion, karyometry can detect an abnormal chromatin pattern and distribution in the normal-looking urothelium adjacent to papillary carcinoma. Such alterations correspond to the so-called "malignancy-associated change."

Carcinoma, Papillary↗

PubMed1984

Karyometry by automated image analysis. Application to precancerous lesions.

Many works have shown a high frequency of increased nuclear DNA contents in various precancerous lesions. The true nuclear sizes, which are known to be well correlated with DNA values, may be stereologically estimated from nuclear profile data on tissue sections. Therefore, karyometry, which may be effected very efficiently by automated image analysis, offers an attractive choice when studying sections, in which photometric DNA evaluations are often unreliable. Prerequisites are Feulgen-stained slides and a stringent standardization of all histological procedures. Very few karyometric studies have been done on precancerous lesions. Automated image analysis has seldom been used for nuclear profile data gathering on sections. Suitable stereological models are necessary. The best-known are those for spherical nuclei, which allow an estimation of the size-distribution ('unfolding'). A specific model for parallel-oriented spheroids is particularly suitable for epithelial nuclei. It yields many stereological parameter estimations but does not yet allow a size-shape unfolding. We have used the model for parallel spheroids on nasal epithelial biopsies from nickel workers. The nuclear dimensions are usually clearly increased in metaplasia and dysplasia. Some rare dysplastic zones, however, present a major contribution of normal-sized nuclei, and this may have a prognostic significance. Our model may be applied to other epithelia. A new sphere unfolding model has been used on liver sections from Farber-protocol-treated rats. Compared to normal livers, where tetraploid nuclei predominate over diploid ones, transitional cell zones show an overwhelming predominance of diploid nuclei, and hyperplastic precancerous nodules have various degrees of non-modal and high-value ploidies. Karyometry may help to determine which lesions should be considered as possible premalignancies.

Animals↗

PubMed2004

Karyometry detects subvisual differences in chromatin organization state between cribriform and flat high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia.

This digital texture analysis-based study evaluates the chromatin organization state in flat and cribriform high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN), in the adjacent normal looking secretory epithelium and in the co-occurring adenocarcinoma. Digital texture analysis (karyometry) was carried out on hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections from 24 radical prostatectomy specimens with high-grade PIN (12 with flat and 12 with cribriform architectural pattern, respectively) and cancer. Quantification was also conducted on the normal looking secretory epithelium. Discriminant analysis and the nonsupervised learning algorithm P-index were used to identify suitable subsets of features useful for the discrimination and classification of pathological groups and to explore multivariate data structure in the pathological subgroups. The average nuclear abnormality increases monotonically from the histologically normal appearing secretory epithelium to high-grade PIN and to adenocarcinoma. The nuclei from the so-called perimeter compartment of the flat high-grade PIN lesions show a higher nuclear abnormality compared to the nuclei of the cribriform high-grade PINs. Discriminant analysis shows that flat and cribriform high-grade PINs fall into two populations. Processing by the nonsupervised learning algorithm P-index revealed the existence of three well-defined, distinct subpopulations of nuclei of different chromatin phenotype. In the flat high-grade PIN lesions the proportions of nuclei in the three subpopulations are 16.5% (low abnormality), 25.0% (mid abnormality) and 58.5% (high abnormality), respectively. In the cribriform high-grade PIN lesions, 100% of the nuclei are in the mid-abnormality subpopulation. These differences are also discernible in the co-occurring adenocarcinoma and the histologically normal appearing secretory epithelium. To conclude, karyometry and statistical analysis detect the existence of distinct cell subpopulations of different chromatin packaging and phenotype, with the nuclei from the flat high-grade PIN lesions, adjacent normal looking epithelium and co-occurring adenocarcinoma expressing a greater nuclear abnormality than in the specimens with cribriform high-grade PIN.

Cell Nucleus↗

PubMed2003

Digital karyometry in pancreatic adenocarcinoma.

OBJECTIVE: To characterize nuclei from pancreatic adenocarcinoma and nonneoplastic pancreatic tissue by digital karyometry, demonstrating specific nuclear signatures for each of them. STUDY DESIGN: Of cells from malignant and nonmalignant pancreatic tissue, 1,300 nuclei were assessed by digital karyometry from paraffin blocks stored at the Pathology Service of Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre. A set of 40 features descriptive of the spatial and statistical distribution of nuclear chromatin was computed for each nucleus. Signatures were created for both types of tissue, and a distance metric from "normal" was defined and calculated for them. RESULTS: There were significant differences in 11 features between the 2 groups, allowing the creation of digital signatures. CONCLUSION: Nuclear chromatin texture signature can offer a specific digital characterization for both pancreatic adenocarcinoma and nonmalignant pancreatic tissue. Several isolated nuclear features serve as markers for the diagnosis of pancreatic adenocarcinoma. The present karyometric study of normal and malignant pancreatic tissue may be of use as a continuing tool to early diagnosis of pancreatic adenocarcinoma as it can be applied to cytologic specimens, also. In the future, studies using this technique should assess the chemopreventive potential of different agents as well as prognosis and treatment options for pancreatic adenocarcinoma.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed2005

Karyometry of infiltrating breast lesions.

OBJECTIVE: To characterize nuclei from well-differentiated, moderately differentiated and poorly differentiated lesions of invasive breast cancer by karyometry and to test the hypothesis that these diagnostic categories form homogeneous sets. STUDY DESIGN: Histopathologic sections from 6 cases of well-differentiated, 11 cases of moderately differentiated and 17 cases of poorly differentiated ductal carcinomas were digitally recorded. From each case 100 nuclei were segmented and analyzed by karyometry. A discriminant analysis was performed, and nuclear and lesion signatures were computed. The nonsupervised learning algorithm P-index was applied. A progression curve per diagnostic category based on mean nuclear abnormality and a discriminant function score was derived. RESULTS: The well-differentiated lesions formed a homogeneous set, but both the moderately and poorly differentiated lesions showed 2 significantly different subpopulations with nuclei of substantially different nuclear abnormality and progression. CONCLUSION: The visual histopathologic diagnostic assessment of these lesions was based on an evaluation of both tissue architectural criteria and nuclear criteria. Here, only the pattern of nuclear chromatin was evaluated. Cases belonging to the same diagnostic category as assessed by their differentiation may be further characterized by the extent to which the nuclei deviate from normal. There was substantial case-to-case heterogeneity in these invasive lesions.

Breast Neoplasms↗

PubMed2003

Use of multiple cytometric markers improves discrimination between benign and malignant melanocytic lesions: a study of DNA microdensitometry, karyometry, argyrophilic staining of nucleolar organizer regions and MIB1-Ki67 immunoreactivity.

Confident separation of benign naevi and malignant melanoma can sometimes be very difficult using conventional microscopy. This study evaluated the combined diagnostic abilities of multiple cytometric markers in separating various types of naevi from melanomas. The lesions studied included 27 benign compound naevi, 20 dysplastic naevi, 10 Spitz naevi and 24 melanomas. The cytometric features investigated were: (i) nuclear DNA content and chromatin compactness, measured by video imaged DNA microdensitometry; (ii) nuclear morphology, measured by nuclear morphometry (karyometry); (iii) transcriptional activity of nucleolar organizer regions, measured as the number and size of argyrophilic staining of nucleolar organizer regions (AgNORs); and (iv) cellular proliferative activity detected by quantifying the immunoreactivity of MIB1-Ki67 antigen. These variables were evaluated in the superficial, middle and deep zones of each lesion. Using multivariate discriminant analysis, a total diagnostic effectiveness of 97% could be achieved in separating the benign and malignant melanocytic lesions by co-evaluating variables for DNA microdensitometry, karyometry and AgNORs. A diagnostic effectiveness of 100% could be achieved if further co-evaluation with MIB1-Ki67 immunoreactivity was performed. Our study suggests that co-evaluation of multiple cytometric markers can improve the diagnostic abilities of individual techniques in separating benign naevi from malignant melanomas. This may be of particular significance in the diagnosis of melanocytic lesions whose biological behaviour cannot be confidently predicted by their histological features using conventional microscopy.

Biomarkers, Tumor↗

PubMed1994

Three types of liver cell dysplasia (LCD) in small cirrhotic nodules are distinguishable by karyometry and PCNA labelling, and their features resemble distinct grades of hepatocellular carcinoma.

We have studied the occurrence and specific features of liver cell dysplasia (LCD) in Chinese patients showing liver cirrhosis with or without hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Three types of LCD (SLCD, LLCDo, LLCDe) were morphologically defined, and these types were further analyzed using karyometry, estimation of nucleic acid content and density, and PCNA immunostaining. Features found for three types of LCD were compared with those of normal hepatocytes (NLC), simple regenerating hepatocytes (SRLC), and cells of HCCs covering different grades. The results show that 1) karyometry and nucleic acid parameters allow an objective separation of LCD types both from NLC and SRLC; 2) karyometric features of LLCDe are most close to those of highly differentiated HCCs, whereas nuclear size and chromatin composition of SLCD closely reflect those of poorly differentiated HCCs; 3) the frequency of LCD clusters was higher in cirrhotic livers carrying HCC, being about double for all three LCD types; 4) the highest PCNA labelling occurred in the small cell group of LCD (SLCD), still, however, being smaller than that of simple regenerating hepatocytes. Based on these findings it is suggested that, similar to atypical adenomatous hyperplasia, LCDs of distinct morphotypes may represent precursor lesions for HCC, and some cellular forms may mimick cell types known to occur in experimental carcinogenesis.

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular↗

PubMed1979

On the morphology of the Golgi apparatus and its relation to glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in neurosecretory nuclei of rats under normal and thirsting conditions (application of karyometry).

Histochemical studies on the distribution of TPPase and G6PD in SON and PVN of rats have been conducted by using the new TPPase method, karyometry, and statistics under normal and thirsting conditions. All differences in nuclear volume among the 4 groups classified by the TPPase and G6PD reactions were significant after thirsting for 2 and 4 days, respectively. The intimate parallel relationship was found statistically between the GA shape and G6PD activity in neurons of both nuclei. These results may substantiate the usefulness of classification of neurons of both nuclei. These results may substantiate the usefulness of classification of neurons by the TPPase method on the LM level. They also suggest strongly that the GA shape may directly indicate its synthesizing activity, and that the complicate GA shape may correspond to the phase of vigorous synthesizing activity in the neuron. Both nuclei included some neurons whose GA appeared intact under activation. This suggests that secretory cycles of individual cells may proceed asynchromously under thirsting as well as normal conditions. The unique peak revealed by the curves of mean nuclear volumes of GA Type IV and G6PD. strongly positive groups only in PVN must be representative of phenomenon of exhaustion of PVN.

Animals↗

PubMed1982

Histochemical studies on the relationship between the morphology of the Golgi apparatus and G6PD activity in the locus coeruleus and dorsal vagal nucleus of the rat (application of karyometry).

Histochemical studies on the distribution of TPPase and G6PD in the neurons of locus coeruleus (LC) and dorsal vagal nucleus (DVN) of rats have been conducted by using the TPPase method, the G6PD method, karyometry, and statistics under normal conditions. 1. Neurons of the LC and DVN may undergo phasic changes of the GOLGI apparatus (GA) under normal condition. 2. No significant difference was found between neurons of the LC and DVN in regard to the GA morphology, but in general the latter revealed more complicated and developed GA than in the former. 3. Surprisingly, the G6PD activity of LC neurons was very weak. This is in agreement with the previous report by IIJIMA and IMAI (1975), and in disagreement with FRIEDE (1966). 4. An intimate parallel relationship was found between the GA morphology and G6PD activity in the DVN. The findings support the vigorous synthesizing activity found in the previous study of the rat supraoptic nucleus (IIJIMA 1979). In contrast to the DVN, such a parallel relationship between the Ga shape and G6PD activity was absent in the LC. Both findings strongly suggest that the role of the GA may be functionally different in the LC and DVN.

Animals↗

PubMed1984

Enzyme-histochemical studies on the nonsecretory neurons of the rat supraoptic nucleus with the application of karyometry and electronmicroscopy.

Detailed histochemical studies were conducted on the distribution of SDH, G6PD, and TPPase as well as the Nissl substance and Gomori-positive material in the nonsecretory neurons of the supraoptic nucleus (SO) of the adult Wistar strain rats. Karyometry and statistical analysis were performed to identify those neurons. Electron microscopy confirmed the cytological characteristics indicated by the histochemical results. Based on the classification of SO neurons by the Golgi-Cox method and the present results concerning the Nissl pattern, shape, size, and number, these nonsecretory neurons appear to be intercalated neurons. Weak SDH and G6PD activity in the perikaryon with a few mitochondria indicate that they belong to the category of ordinary neurons with a low level of carbohydrate metabolism. The TPPase reaction revealed heterogeneous Golgi apparatus (GA) with poor development. In addition, it was difficult to find profiles of GA in many ultrathin sections. These results indicate that the GA may not undergo cyclic activity and lacks the capacity for secretion. No Gomori-positive material was detected in the perikaryon, whereas the Nissl substance was densely distributed throughout the entire perikaryon, where many free ribosomal rosettes and junctions of cisternae of abundant granular reticulum were evenly dispersed. The nonsecretory neurons reflect an active phase of cyclic activity of protein synthesis. However, other nonsecretory neurons with less active protein synthesis are very likely to be present.

Animals↗

PubMed2004

Karyometry detects subvisual differences in chromatin organisation state between non-recurrent and recurrent papillary urothelial neoplasms of low malignant potential.

AIM: To analyse nuclear chromatin texture in non-recurrent and recurrent papillary urothelial neoplasms of low malignant potential (PUNLMPs). MATERIALS: Ninety three karyometric features were analysed on haematoxylin and eosin stained sections from 20 PUNLMP cases: 10 from patients with a solitary PUNLMP lesion, who were disease free during at least eight years' follow up, and 10 from patients with unifocal PUNLMP, one or more recurrences being seen during follow up. RESULTS: Kruskal-Wallis analysis was used to search for features showing significant differences between recurrent and non-recurrent cases. Significance was better than p<0.005 for more than 20 features. Based on significance, six texture features were selected for discriminant analysis. Stepwise linear discriminant analysis reduced Wilk's lambda to 0.87, indicating a highly significant difference between the two multivariate data sets, but only modest ability to discriminate (70% correct case classification). A box sequential classifier was used based on data derived from discriminant analysis. The classifier took three classification steps and classified 19 of the 20 cases correctly (95% correct case classification). To determine whether significant case grouping could also be obtained based on an objective criterion, the merged data sets of non-recurrent and recurrent cases were submitted to the unsupervised learning algorithm P-index. Two clusters were formed with significant differences. The subsequent application of a Cooley/Lohnes classifier resulted in an overall correct case classification rate of 85%. CONCLUSIONS: Karyometry and multivariate analyses detect subvisual differences in chromatin organisation state between non-recurrent and recurrent PUNLMPs, thus allowing identification of lesions that do or do not recur.

Algorithms↗

PubMed1985

Binucleate cells and liver karyometry.

Liver karyometry of uni- and binucleate cells was compared with karyometric measurements excluding binucleate cells in pervinous regions of rat liver parenchyma. Depending on their percentage of the cell population and due to their smaller nuclear size binucleate cells decrease nuclear volume means and the main maximum of frequency distributions of nuclear size (karyometric curves) but increase the lower second maximum in the range of smaller nuclear volumes. The main characteristics of the course of the curves, however, remain unchanged.

Analysis of Variance↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Preoperative diagnosis of thyroid cancer by karyometry of thyrocytes].

Karyometry revealed that the distribution of thyrocyte nuclei by the size of their area on histograms depends on the type of thyroid disease. If the ratio of the share of thyrocyte nuclei area in the second and third ranges on distribution histograms is more than 1, thyroid cancer is diagnosed, if it less than 1, it may mean follicular adenoma, autoimmune thyroiditis, nodular colloid or diffuse toxic goiter.

Adenocarcinoma, Follicular↗

PubMed1994

Microwave-antigen retrieval for proliferation analysis (MIB-1) and quanticyt karyometry of bladder washings.

Bladder washings can be used for simultaneous karyometry and proliferation analysis using MiB-1 as a proliferation marker. We analyzed 42 problem cases with a discordance between cytologic and karyometric classification (QUANTICYT), in which the karyometric classification was based on a combination of a nuclear shape parameter and DNA (2cDI). Moreover, 25 concordant cases were analyzed: 5 normal samples, 6 low-grade tumors and 7 high-grade tumors. All normal samples and all low-grade tumors had labelling indices below 10%, and all high-grade tumors over 10%. For the discordant low-grade tumors, the QUANTICYT classification correlated better with the MiB-1 labelling than the cytologic diagnosis. There was a clear correlation between 2cDI and MiB-1 labelling index. Slightly elevated MiB-1 labelling indices might have some prognostic value.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗

PubMed2001

Karyometry of secretory cell nuclei in high-grade PIN lesions.

BACKGROUND: The goal of this study was a karyometric characterization of secretory cell nuclei in high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) lesions. Specifically, the hypothesis is tested that distinctly different subgroups of nuclei exist in these lesions. METHODS: High-resolution images of 1,713 nuclei from high-grade PIN lesions were recorded. Karyometric features were computed. Discriminant function scores against normal reference nuclei, and nuclear abnormality values were derived. Data sets were processed by a nonsupervised learning algorithm to establish the presence of subgroups of nuclei with statistically different nuclear chromatin distributions. RESULTS: Three sets of nuclei were formed, facing an intact basal cell layer, a near vanishing basal cell layer, and a gap in the basal cell layer. For each set, a nonsupervised learning algorithm formed three statistically different subgroups of approximately equal sizes. Each subgroup is found in every one of the three sampling locations. The total optical density distribution of nuclei in two subgroups suggests an aneuploid distribution, the third subgroup has a near diploid distribution. CONCLUSIONS: Secretory cell nuclei in high-grade PIN lesions are a heterogeneous population, forming statistically different subgroups. Studies aimed at characterizing the progression of such lesions should consider the inhomogeneous nature of these nuclei.

Algorithms↗