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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1979

On the morphology of the Golgi apparatus and its relation to glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in neurosecretory nuclei of rats under normal and thirsting conditions (application of karyometry).

Histochemical studies on the distribution of TPPase and G6PD in SON and PVN of rats have been conducted by using the new TPPase method, karyometry, and statistics under normal and thirsting conditions. All differences in nuclear volume among the 4 groups classified by the TPPase and G6PD reactions were significant after thirsting for 2 and 4 days, respectively. The intimate parallel relationship was found statistically between the GA shape and G6PD activity in neurons of both nuclei. These results may substantiate the usefulness of classification of neurons of both nuclei. These results may substantiate the usefulness of classification of neurons by the TPPase method on the LM level. They also suggest strongly that the GA shape may directly indicate its synthesizing activity, and that the complicate GA shape may correspond to the phase of vigorous synthesizing activity in the neuron. Both nuclei included some neurons whose GA appeared intact under activation. This suggests that secretory cycles of individual cells may proceed asynchromously under thirsting as well as normal conditions. The unique peak revealed by the curves of mean nuclear volumes of GA Type IV and G6PD. strongly positive groups only in PVN must be representative of phenomenon of exhaustion of PVN.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Karyometric and cytophotometric studies on nucleic acids in the culture of human lymphocytes with phytohemagglutinin.

Lymphocyte transformation with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) was analyzed by karyometry and cytophotometry of single cells. The former showed the distribution of various-sized transforming cells, and the latter the increase of DNA and RNA. Two different types of karyograms were obtained; one with three peaks corresponding to 2c, 4c, and 8c, and the other with only a 2c peak. Although small in number (8%), karyometry showed that DNA synthesis took place in the extremely early stage of transformation, 1 h after stimulation with PHA, which was proved by cytophotometry and ultrastructural findings. An increasing curve of DNA and RNA revealed that a lymphocyte continued to enlarge from 2c to 4c and divide again through the normal cell cycle in a suitable condition. The largest blast cell, a polyploid cell, may be induced by the lack of a sufficient amount of RNA and protein in need of cell division, and may be a degenerative cell in the strict sense. Among the large cells with blastlike appearance, there were a considerable number of so-called degenerative cells with a low amount of DNA. The ratio of RNA to DNA increased steeply in the actively DNA synthesizing S phase, which supports the morphologic findings of blast cell, the appearance of basophilic cytoplasm, and active-looking nucleoli.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

[Biometric studies in the cytological diagnosis of soft tissue tumors].

Introducing of quantitative signs (the number of cells on the given area, size of cells, nuclei, optic and spectral characteristics) makes the cytologic diagnosis much more objective. Karyometric studies conducted by the author (the determination of nuclei volume) on cytological smears, obtained from 16 patients with soft tissue tumors, indicated some difference in nuclei size of various histotypes. The studies have evidenced that the method of karyometry associated with cytophotometry will offer the pre-conditions for using karyometry in the practice of pathocytologists and facilitate the finding of algorithms for computing analysis of soft tissue neoplasms.

Cell Nucleus↗
PubMed1979

Large basophilic cells in the bone marrow in iron deficiency anemia.

Many large cells with a strongly basophilic cytoplasm and large nuclei with a delicate chromatin pattern and large nucleoli were studied in 1 mu sections of core biopsies in 8 patients with iron deficiency anemia and in 5 patients with pernicious anemia. In 2 normal controls these cells were rare. Possible features of granulocytic differentiation were assessed with the Giemsa stain and with the naphtol-ASD-chloroacetate esterase reaction which is indicative of early granule formation: the large cells were constantly negative. In thin sections the morphological appearances of the large basophilic cells are rather similar in such different haematological disorders as pernicious anemia or iron deficiency anemia. A clear difference can be demonstrated by karyometry, which shows that the large basophilic cells in pernicious anemia are significantly larger than those in iron deficiency anemia or in the normal control.

Anemia, Hypochromic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Rhythmic circadian activity of the rat hepatic lobule reflected at cellular level.

Study of the liver by quantitative microscopic methods (karyogram, nucleologram), cytophotometry and karyometry demonstrated the circadian rhythmicity of the different nuclear variables in terms of the functional activity of the cells. In the hepatic lobule of the adult rat, synchronized to a fixed feeding hour, a cellular rhythmic self-renewal was recorded, especially due to ploidization, with cytotopographical particularities, consisting in the cyclic reversible transformation of diploid into polyploid cells (with a single hypertrophic nucleus or binucleate) according to the increased metabolic requirements in the course of digestion.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

CNS-endocrine pancreas system. I. The hypothalamus response to insulin deficiency.

The anterior, medial and posterior hypothalamic nuclei in alloxan-diabetic male rats were studied by karyometry. Selective responsiveness of separate nuclei of the medial basal hypothalamus (MBH) and the anterior hypothalamus was revealed. In the MBH cell nuclear-size changes were most prominent in the ventromedial nucleus and less pronounced, but significant, in the arcuate nucleus. In the anterior hypothalamus a significant response was produced by the supraoptic nucleus. The authors do not exclude the possibility that the reaction of the neurosecretory cells of the supraotic nucleus is indirect and reflects disturbed vasopressin balance in alloxan-diabetic rats in response to impairment of water-salt metabolism. The responsiveness of the MBH nuclei is considered as evidence for their involvement, the bentromedial nucleus in particular, in hypothalamic control of the endocrine pancreas. Various means by which insulin-sensitive hypothalamic areas may be implicated in this control are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

CNS-endocrine pancreas system. II. Response of dorsal nucleus of the vagus nerves to insulin deficiency.

Sensitivity of the vagal dorsal nucleus nerve cells to insulin deficiency was revealed in alloxan-diabetic rats by karyometry. Control measurements showed absence of similar changes in cell nuclear sizes of the adjoining area, the Nucltractus solitarii. The results provide evidence in favour of a selective response of the dorsal nucleus of the vagus nerves to insulin deficiency and allow assumption that not only the peripheral vagus but the central component of this cholinergic system contribute to endocrine pancreas control. It is suggested that the medial basal hypothalamus and the system of the vagus are links of a single control mechanism regulating endocrine pancreas and represented at different levels of the central and peripheral nervous system.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Changes in the activity of the ependyma in the infundibular recess of the brain of Rana esculenta L. in the annual cycle.

Volume of the cell nuclei of the ependyma of the infundibular recess was measured in 30 female and 30 male water frogs (Rana esculenta L.) obtained from their natural environment, taking into account the phase of the annual cycle. Karyometry of the ependymal cell nuclei in the infundibular recess in males and females showed statistically significant differences of volume (activity) in the annual cycle. The largest volume of nuclei of the ependymal cells in females and males was observed in the first decade of April (end of hibernation), and the smallest in the first decade of September (end of the period of active life). Activity of nuclei of cells from the infundibular recess clearly correlated with gonadal development.

Activity Cycles↗
PubMed1979

Effect of hypervitaminosis A on tongue muscles of the rat. A morphometric study.

Daily administration of 200 I.U. vitamin A/gram body weight to rats, for a period of 10 days, causes generalized hypertrophy of the tongue muscles. The data were confirmed with morphometric techniques, consisting of increased cytoplasm and decreased nuclei and empty spaces, obtained by the Chalkley technique, nuclei of similar volume, obtained with the use of karyometry, and larger areas of cross-sections of muscle fibers.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Effect of chronic alcoholic intoxication on the circadian rhythm of the hypothalamic neurosecretory centers in rats].

Experiments were conducted on male rats; by means of quantitative cytochemical analysis and karyometry circadian rhythm of the hypothalamo-hypophysial neurosecretory system function was studied. In the evening (9--10 p.m.) the intensity of the synthesis, transport, and neurosecretion showed a significant elevation in comparison with the day (3--4 p.m.). Neurosecretory process was suppressed and the circadian rhythm of the hypothalamic neurosecretory system activity was disturbed in rats given a 5% ethanol solution as the only source of fluid for 2 months. As suggested, damage of an important biorhythm synchronizer (the neurosecretory centers of the hypothalamus) could play an important role in the pathogenesis of chronic alcoholism.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed1978

CNS--endocrine pancreas system. III. Further studies on the vagal responsiveness to insulin deficiency.

Distribution and activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in the neurons of the central vagal nuclei at the level of the medulla oblongata were studied in intact and alloxan-diabetic adult male rats by Gomori's histochemical method. Peculiarities of intracellular distribution of the enzyme in the Nucl. dorsalis n. vagi (ND) and Nucl. ambiguus n. vagi (NA) of intact animals were demonstrated. Changes in the ratio of cholinergic neurons with moderate and strongly-positive AChE staining reactions were revealed in the ND of alloxan-diabetic rats. The dynamics of the changes attested to increased AChE activity of these neurons in response to insulin deficiency. The data obtained are additional evidence for the responsiveness of ND neurons to insulin deficiency, which was demonstrated earlier in alloxan-diabetic rats by karyometry (Akmayev and Rabkina, 1976 b). It is suggested that changes in the plasma glucose or insulin levels may be the stimulus that influences the activity of the ND cholinergic neurons. By means of this mechanism the central vagal nucleus at the medulla oblongata level may be implicated in the feedback control of insulin secretion.

Acetylcholinesterase↗
PubMed1978

[Hormones and differentiation of retinal ganglion cells during embryogenesis of mice of the mutant line ocular retardation (karyometric study)].

Hormonal effects on differentiation of neuroblasts forming the ganglionic zone have been studied in hereditary damaged ocular retina of mice from the mutant line "ocular retardation" (or). By the method of karyometry, it has been demonstrated that injection of cortisone, triiodethyronine and somatotropic hormone on the 8--9--10th, as well as on the 11--12--13--14th or on the 9--10--11--13--14th days of gestation produce statistically significant volumetric decrease or increase of the ganglionic cell nuclei in the retina of 15-day-old embryos or/or. The data obtained and those from the literature suggest that the hormones mentioned above, depending on the dose and prenatal stage in the or/or mice, increase or decrease the inhibiting effects of the mutant gene or on the differentiation of ganglionic cells of the ocular retina in embryos.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Muscle trophic factor: I. Assay of a muscle trophic factor by measurement of muscle cell nuclei.

A method for assaying a skeletal muscle cell trophic factor in chicken serum is described. The number of myoblast and myotube nuclei was considered to reflect the rate of myoblast multiplication and was thus adopted as an index for the activity of the trophic factor. In a 35-mm Falcon plastic Petri dish, 2.5 x 10(40) to 10(5) myoblasts were cultured. The culture medium consisted of 85% Eagle's minimum essential medium and 15% horse serum. The assay medium was composed of 2.4 ml of this culture medium and 0.1 ml of partially purified trophic factor or appropriately diluted chicken serum. Four dishes were prepared for each sample under identical conditions. On day 4 of incubation, cells were fixed, stained and observed under a microscope, and the number of nuclei in 20 fields was counted. The mean number of nuclei obtained from the four dishes was used to denote a single point. A three-point common-zero method of slope-ratio assay was used to calculate activity. The activity of the trophic factor was expressed with reference to the effect of the control serum on myoblast multiplication.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Quantitative electron microscopic analysis of the stratified epithelium of normal human buccal mucosa.

The epithelium of normal human buccal mucosa was subjected to stereologic analysis. Ten biopsies were selected from a total of 20 specimens collected from 10 to 15 year old females, and processed for light- and electron microscopy. At two levels of magnification, electron micrographs were sampled from four strata in epithelial ridges and from three strata in regions over connective tissue papillae. Stereologic point counting based on a recently improved system for analyzing stratified epithelia was employed to analyze a toatl of 1820 electron micrographs. Buccal epithelium was found to be 0.48 mm thick, interdigitated by long, slender connective tissue papillae, and comprised of a narrow basal and suprabasal, and a broad, homogeneously structured spinous and surface compartment. From basal to surface layers, the epithelium displayed a differentiation pattern different from that of keratinizing epithelia. This pattern was a function mainly of a drastic density increase of cytoplasmic filaments of a constant 80 A diameter, a corresponding decrease of the cytoplasmic ground substance, the appearance of dark-cored membrane coating granules and individually varying amounts of glycogen deposition. It is suggested that the dense meshwork of filaments which fill 70% of the epithelial cytoplasm in a broad subsurface and surface layer, serves as the functional matrix for epithelial distensibility.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

The paramedial neurosecretory cells of the suboesophageal ganglion of the cricket, Teleogryllus commodus (walk.).

Ovariectomy, performed immediately after the final hatch, caused a reduction of stainable (neurosecretory?) MATERIAL IN THE PARAMEDIAL NEUROSECREtory cells (PNC) (A-type) of the suboesophageal ganglion in 10 day-old females of Teleogryllus commodus (Walk.). A concomitant increase in nuclear volume and in the incorporation of 35S-cysteine indicates increased synthesis of neurosecretory material. From these findings it is concluded that more stainable material is secreted in the cerebral neurohaemal organ after ovariectomy. A functional relationship between the PNC and the ovaries is suggested.

Animals↗