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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1990

Blood group A glycolipid antigen expression in kidney, ureter, kidney artery, and kidney vein from a blood group A1Le(a-b+) human individual. Evidence for a novel blood group A heptaglycosylceramide based on a type 3 carbohydrate chain.

Kidney, ureter, kidney artery, and kidney vein tissue were obtained from a single human transplant specimen. The donors erythrocyte blood group phenotype was A1Le(a-b+). Total non-acid glycolipid fractions were isolated and individual glycolipid components were identified by immunostaining thin layer plates with a panel of monoclonal antibodies and by mass spectrometry of the permethylated and permethylated-reduced total glycolipid fractions. The dominating glycolipids in all tissues were mono- to tetraglycosylceramides. In the kidney, ureter, and artery tissue less than 1% of the glycolipids were of blood group type, having more than 4 sugar residues. In contrast, 14% of the vein glycolipids were of blood group type, and the dominating components were type 1 chain blood group H pentaglycosylceramides and A hexaglycosylceramides. Trace amounts of structurally different blood group A glycolipids (type 1 to 4 core saccharide chains) with up to 10 sugar residues were found in the kidney, ureter, and vein tissues, including evidence for a novel blood group A heptaglycosylceramide based on the type 3 chain in the vein. The only detected A glycolipid antigen in the artery tissue was the blood group A difucosyl type 1 chain heptaglycosylceramide (ALeb) structure. Blood group Lewis and related antigens (Lea, Leb, and ALeb) were expressed in the kidney, ureter, and artery, but were completely lacking in the vein, indicating that the Le gene-coded alpha 1-4-fucosyltransferase was not expressed in this tissue. The X and Y antigens (type 2 chain isomers of the Lea and Leb antigens) were detected only in the kidney tissue.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1992

Simultaneous kidney-pancreas transplantation versus kidney transplantation alone: patient survival, kidney graft survival, and post-transplant hospitalization.

This study compared patient survival, kidney graft survival, and post-transplant hospitalization between patients who received simultaneous kidney and pancreas (SKP) transplants and those who received a kidney transplant alone (KTA). A total of 3,168 diabetic end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients, ages 18-45, who began their first ESRD treatment between 1981 and 1989 and received their first cadaveric kidney transplant between 1986 and 1989 were selected for study; patient and kidney graft survival were followed until 1 March 1990. Twelve percent (380) of these patients received SKP transplants. No statistically significant difference in patient survival was found between SKP and KTA patients (p = 0.86). Kidney graft survival was statistically significantly higher for SKP patients than KTA patients (p = 0.008). Post-transplant hospitalization rates were statistically significantly higher for SKP patients (p < 0.001), indicating potentially higher post-transplant morbidity among this group.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Combined liver-spleen-kidney scintigraphy and subsequent subtraction of the kidney scintiphotograph in the evaluation of displaced kidney.

The displacement of kidney was studied by using the combined liver-spleen-kidney scintigraphy and the subsequent subtraction of the kidney scintiphotograph to leave the liver-spleen scintiphotograph alone. A suprarenal mass was shown as cold spot between the liver and right kidney on the combined study. When the liver scintiphotograph and kidney scintiphotograph were over-lapped and the differential diagnosis was difficult, the subsequent subtraction of the kidney scintiphotograph was useful in the diagnosis of the enlarged liver.

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗
PubMed1976

Kidney function and compensatory growth of the kidney in living kidney donors.

Pre- and postoperative kidney size and kidney function were studied in 46 living kidney donors aged 20-74 years. Kidney size was measured by planimetry and by estimation of a renal index. Kidney function was assessed by endogenous creatinine clearance and serum creatinine. Planimetry was superior to the renal index for expressing changes in renal size. Compensatory renal hypertrophy took place in donors up to the age of 74, but the greatest changes in renal size were observed in donors of under 40. Total renal function decreased postoperatively to about 77% of the initial level; this change in renal function was inversely correlated with age, but in all subjects studied the function remained within normal limits.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[The biomorphosis of the kidney in swine. 2. Kidney cortex and kidney medulla].

Information recorded from structural development of kidney in swine foetuses of different age and in piglets together with functional data has shown that, notwithstanding progressing maturation, the capacity of renal corpuscles and tubules in piglets was less developed than in other species. Milk deficit or insufficient drinking water or medication may be considerable burdens on the kidney of newborn piglets and may cause stress-related damage.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[Kidney biopsy puncture, kidney aspiration puncture with fine needle, examination of urine sediment in phase contrast. Comparative study for the diagnosis of acute rejection in kidney transplantation].

The relative importance of renal biopsy and cytological studies (fine needle aspiration biopsy and urine sediment examination by phase contrast) in the diagnosis of acute rejection episode was evaluated in 30 patients who received a kidney transplant. All patients underwent these 3 examinations simultaneously during an acute degradation of graft function. Sensitivity of renal biopsy, fine needle biopsy and urine sediment was 0.86, 0.68, 0.43 respectively. The association of fine needle biopsy and urine sediment examination increased the sensitivity up to 0.73. Renal biopsy is indicated to assess the vascular and glomerular status or in the presence of inconclusive cytological studies.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1990

[Problem of kidney transplantation (on the 25th anniversary of the first successful transplantation of the kidney in the USSR)].

The first successful transplantation of a kidney from an alive relative donor in the USSR was performed by B. V. Petrovsky at the All-Union Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Surgery (now the All-Union Surgery Research Center, AMS, USSR) on April 15, 1965. In November, 1965 he transplanted a cadaver kidney for the first time with a good outcome. The Center possesses an experience with 987 kidney transplantations to date, among which 101 were related transplantations. The authors discuss the progress made in this field of surgery in a period of 25 years. The longest survival period among recipients with a functioning related kidney is 22 years and among those with a cadaver kidney, 19 years. With the use of Cy A 86% of transplanted related kidneys and 76% of cadaver kidneys function for 12 months or longer. The authors discuss the advantages of a new original method for transorganic oxygen preservation of a kidney suggested by G. A. Asoyan, instrumental-functional methods developed at the Center for appraising the hemodynamics of the transplanted kidney and diagnosis of the rejection crisis, cyclosporine nephrotoxicity, and progress in the techniques of kidney transplantation and immunosuppressive therapy. The authors believe that further improvement in the results of allogeneic kidney transplantation is well-grounded.

Female↗
PubMed1992

Expression of differentiation antigens and growth-related genes in normal kidney, autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease, and renal cell carcinoma.

Cellular differentiation and mRNA levels of genes involved in kidney growth were investigated in normal kidney cells, cyst-lining epithelial cells of polycystic kidney disease, and renal carcinoma cells (RCC). All cells comparatively studied exhibited an antigenic phenotype of proximal tubular cells as shown by the expression of a panel of brush border membrane enzymes and kidney-associated cell surface antigens. The epithelial developmental antigen Exo-1 was expressed in 50% to 80% of cyst-lining epithelia in polycystic kidney tissue and in 20% to 30% of polycystic kidney cells cultured in vitro. Normal kidney cells and RCC were negative under identical culture conditions. The expression of antigen Exo-1 is associated with hyperproliferation in an epithelial tissue compartment composed of cells which have not yet reached their terminal differentiation state. Increased amounts of mRNA of the growth factor receptor system of epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor and its ligand transforming growth factor (TGF)-alpha were associated with the malignant phenotype of RCC. Increased expression of EGF receptor and TGF-alpha, although less prominent, were also observed in polycystic kidney cells compared with normal kidney cells. In conclusion, the expression of Exo-1 in cyst-lining epithelial cells of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) and the altered regulation of TGF-alpha and EGF receptor in these cells contribute to the hypothesis that hyperproliferation is an underlying pathogenic mechanism of ADPKD.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1991

Effect of arginine depletion on glomerular and tubular kidney function: studies in isolated perfused rat kidneys.

The effect of L-Arg depletion on glomerular hemodynamics and tubular function of isolated rat kidneys perfused with a medium containing 21 amino acids has been studied. A cyclooxygenase inhibitor was added throughout for blockade of prostaglandin synthesis. Arg depletion caused significant (approximately 30%) reductions in renal perfusion flow rate (PFR, 13.9 +/- 1.2 vs. 19.8 +/- 0.6 ml.min-1.g (kidney wt-1), glomerular filtration rate (GFR, 598 +/- 79 vs. 924 +/- 42 microliters.min-1.g kidney wt-1), and urine flow rate (139 +/- 38 vs. 192 +/- 13 microliters.min-1.g kidney wt-1) compared with control kidneys, which were perfused with a physiological concentration of Arg (200 microM). Filtration fraction (FF) increased with Arg depletion (5.1 +/- 0.4 vs. 4.4 +/- 0.4%). Arg-depleted kidneys had a lower absolute sodium (TNa, 75.7 +/- 8.8 vs. 107.9 +/- 6.0 mumol.min-1.g kidney wt-1) and glucose reabsorption (T glucose, 3.7 +/- 0.6 vs. 5.6 +/- 0.5 mumol.min-1.g kidney wt-1), corresponding to a lower sodium and glucose filtration. Potassium handling and reabsorption of free water were not changed. Oxygen consumption (QO2) was lower in Arg-depleted kidneys (4.6 +/- 0.3 vs. 5.5 +/- 0.5 mumol.min-1.g kidney wt-1). The effects of Arg depletion were completely reversed by the addition of Arg (1 mM) at 120 min and partly reversed by the addition of citrulline (1 mM). Ornithine depletion or addition had no effect on PFR, GFR, FF, TNa, T glucose, and QO2. N omega-methyl-L-arginine, a specific inhibitor of nitric oxide endothelium-derived relaxing factor, produced the same effect as Arg depletion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Characteristics of specific unresponsiveness toward kidney and skin allografts in adult rats inoculated at birth with allogenic bone marrow or kidney cells across a strong H-1 barrier.

Specific unresponsiveness inducible in newborn Lewis (Le) rats by injection of bone marrow or kidney cells from (Bu x Le)F1 hybrids was tested in adults by allografting of skin or kidneys from strongly incompatible Buffalo (Bu) strain donors. High doses of bone marrow cells (10(7) or more) proved quite effective in procuring indefinite survival of subsequent Bu kidney allografts, but not Bu skin allografts. Kidney allografts remained fully functional without modulation of their inherent immunogenicity regardless whether skin allografts were acutely rejected before or after kidney grafting on bone marrow-tolerant recipients. Lower doses of bone marrow cells were either near threshold for induction of specific Bu kidney allograft tolerance (5 x 10(6)) or, conversely, led to increased immunity(1-5 x 106). A strikingly different pattern of reactivity was found in adult Le recipients of Bu skin allografts as shown by only a moderate, but stepwise increase in survival times as a function of increasing allogeneic cell dosage at birth. Allogeneic kidney cells at all doses were surprisingly ineffective in inducing tolerance of either kidney or skin allografts, so the existence of kidney-specific transplantation antigens remains problematical. Lymphocytes from kidney allograft-tolerant recipients showed much reduced but still significant antidonor activity in several tests of cell-mediated immunity in vitro and in vivo. Blocking antibody activity was also demonstrable in these animals. Acquired tolerance (i.e., essential nonreactivity) may not only exist in degrees in either T or B cell pathways but may coexist with specific immunoblocking reactions in a dynamic equilibrium. Instead of tolerance versus enhancement, a new concept of selective specific immunoregulation emerges.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Kidney-specific enzyme expression by human kidney cell lines generated through oncogene transfection.

The human kidney cell line 293 was generated by transfection of adenovirus DNA into normal human embryonic kidney (HEK) cells (Graham et al., 1977), whereas the human kidney cell lines ST-1i and STt-4i were generated by transfection of HEK cells with plasmids encoding SV40 viral oncogenes (Abcouwer et al., 1989). In this study, we examined kidney-specific enzyme activity levels in 293, ST-1i, and STt-4i cells to determine their ability to exhibit kidney-specific gene expression. Enzymes examined were leucine aminopeptidase (LAP), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GTP), and the disaccharidases trehalase and maltase. Enzymatic activity levels were compared to three other kidney cell lines (MDCK, OK, and LLC-PK1) as well as to normal human embryonic kidney (HEK) cells and the human hepatoma cell line, Hep G2. Modulation of kidney-specific enzyme activities was assessed in response to several differentiation-inducing agents (adenosine, n-butyric acid, hexamethylene bisacetamide (HMBA), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), N,N'-dimethylformamide (DMF), isobutyl methyl xanthine (IBMX), di butyryl cAMP, and retinoic acid). ST-1i and STt-4i exhibit elevated levels of LAP, gamma-GTP, trehalase, and maltase, consistent with their kidney cell origin, whereas 293 cells exhibit elevated levels of just gamma-GTP and maltase. Maltase and gamma-GTP enzyme activities in ST-1i and STt-4i cells were very responsive to the various inducing agents; 293 cells were less responsive at the inducer concentrations examined. None of the three human cell lines formed domes under any of the experimental conditions. In summary, ST-1i and STt-4i are comparable to normal HEK cells in expression of kidney-specific enzymes and in responsiveness to differentiation-inducing agents, in spite of continued expression of SV40 oncogenes.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Progesterone metabolism in the microsomal fraction of the testis, head kidney, and trunk kidney from the rainbow trout.

In the present study on male rainbow trout, well-defined microsomal fractions from gonad, trunk kidney, and head kidney were used to study enzymes active on progesterone. The metabolites produced were identified by mass spectrometric analysis. In the testis the main metabolite was 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone which is an intermediate in the steroid biosynthetic pathway. 17 alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone was also identified in incubations from head and trunk kidney. The 17 alpha-hydroxylase activity was higher in the head kidney than in the trunk kidney which probably reflects the presence of steroid producing interrenal cells in this part of the kidney. The conversion of progesterone to 17 alpha-hydroxylated products in the testis and head kidney was NADPH dependent and inhibited by carbon monoxide, indicating the participation of cytochrome P450 monooxygenase in this reaction. NADH supported the reaction to some extent (27% of the NADPH-dependent activity) in the testis but not in the head kidney. In addition to 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone the head and trunk kidney microsomes gave rise to 16 alpha- and 6 beta-hydroxyprogesterone. These activities were low or absent in testis microsomes. Progesterone 5 alpha-reductase activity was only detected in trunk kidney microsomes.

17-alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone↗
PubMed1990

Effect of puberty on initial kidney growth and rise in kidney IGF-I in diabetic rats.

Prepubertal subjects have a low incidence of diabetic nephropathy compared with duration-matched postpubertal subjects. At puberty, there is an increase in insulinlike growth factor I (IGF-I) levels, and because IGF-I has been implicated in the early kidney enlargement of experimental diabetes, we studied the development of kidney enlargement and kidney IGF-I levels in prepubertal (aged 5 wk) and postpubertal (aged 13 wk) Sprague-Dawley rats during the 7 days after induction of diabetes with streptozocin. Kidney weight in postpubertal diabetic animals was significantly greater than in postpubertal controls by day 2 (1.46 +/- 0.06 vs. 1.16 +/- 0.09 g, P less than 0.05), and by day 7, kidney weight had increased by 36% (1.61 +/- 0.07 vs. 1.18 +/- 0.08 g, P less than 0.001). Despite comparable blood glucose levels in the prepubertal and postpubertal diabetic rats, kidney weight in prepubertal diabetic animals was significantly greater than in prepubertal controls by 14% on day 7 only (0.84 +/- 0.01 vs. 0.73 +/- 0.03 g, P less than 0.05). Kidney IGF-I content was significantly elevated in diabetic postpubertal rats, peaking on day 1 (diabetic vs. control, 1082 +/- 156 vs. 543 +/- 21 ng/g, P less than 0.001) and day 2 but not in prepubertal diabetic rats. Thus, prepubertal diabetic rats have reduced and retarded kidney growth and attenuated kidney IGF-I levels, suggesting that local IGF-I accumulation may play an important role in diabetes-associated kidney enlargement.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Effects of dietary supplementation with n-3 fatty acids on kidney morphology and the fatty acid composition of phospholipids and triglycerides from mice with polycystic kidney disease.

The DBA/2FG-pcy strain of mouse has been developed as an animal model for adult polycystic kidney disease and we have determined the effects of feeding an n-3 fatty acid-enriched diet on kidney morphology and the fatty acid compositions of the constituent phospholipid and triglyceride fractions in this strain. Twelve male and female DBA/2FG-pcy mice were fed lab chow or semi-purified diets containing sunflower seed oil (SO) or a n-3 fatty acid-enriched concentrate (MaxEPA) for 60 days. At necropsy, blood and urine samples were taken and the kidneys processed for examination by light microscopy. Gas-liquid chromatography of the fatty acids in the kidney lipids was also performed. Male and female mice fed the MaxEPA-based diet tended to have lower mean kidney weights. Hematocrits, blood urea, and serum creatinine levels were similar among the lab chow-, SO- and MaxEPA-fed groups. All the groups exhibited a moderate hematuria; the incidence of this symptom was lowest in the MaxEPA-fed male animals. Extensive tubular dilatation was apparent in the cortices and medullae from the lab chow-fed animals; these lesions were slightly less severe in the SO-fed group and least severe in kidneys from the MaxEPA-fed animals. By morphometry, the renal area occupied by cysts was also lowest in the male Max-EPA-fed group; females fed the MaxEPA-based diet did not show a marked decrease in the proportion of kidney area occupied by cysts. Fatty acid compositions of the total phospholipid and triglyceride fractions from kidneys of male mice fed the MaxEPA-based diet showed a reciprocal replacement of the n-6 fatty acids with the n-3 fatty acids compared to kidneys from males fed the SO-based diet.

Animals↗