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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

Semantic visualization of oncology knowledge sources.

Visualization of knowledge sources can have a substantial impact on the use of such sources at the point of care. This is because barriers to use at the point of care include hours required to master the electronic interfaces to those sources, and minutes required to master the electronic interfaces to those sources, and minutes required to accomplish any one retrieval. For a system to be used regularly at the point of care, therefore, it must be intuitive and fast. This paper presents a three dimensional interface to oncology knowledge sources that aims to meet this challenge.

Databases, Factual↗
PubMed1995

The UMLS Knowledge Source server.

The UMLS Knowledge Source server is an evolving tool for accessing information stored in the UMLS Knowledge Sources. The system architecture is based on the client-server paradigm wherein remote site users send their requests to a centrally managed server at the U.S. National Library of Medicine. The client programs can run on platforms supporting the TCP/IP communication protocol. Access to the system is provided through a command-line interface and through an Application Programming Interface.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed1991

Assessing and enhancing the value of the UMLS Knowledge Sources.

The goal of the UMLS Project is to give practitioners and researchers easy access to machine-readable information from diverse sources. Assessment of the first experimental versions of the UMLS Knowledge Sources is essential to measuring progress toward that goal and to identifying needed enhancements. As of July 30, 1991, copies of the first edition of the UMLS Knowledge Sources had been distributed to 143 individuals and institutions; 66 had provided initial feedback information. The information received indicates that the UMLS Knowledge Sources will undergo broad testing in the patient care, medical education, library service, and product development environments. Preliminary data support the hypothesis that expanded coverage of routine clinical concepts is needed. Key enhancements planned for 1992 and beyond include expanded coverage of ICD-9-CM and CPT.

National Library of Medicine (U.S.)↗
PubMed1995

ASN.1: defining a grammar for the UMLS knowledge sources.

The unified Medical Language System (UMLS) project provides resources on an experimental basis to the research community. In 1995 the four UMLS Knowledge Sources have been provided in an additional data format, Abstract Syntax Notation One (ASN.1). The benefits of ASN.1 are that it provides a standard, formal grammar for complex data and allows exchange of that data in a way which is independent of the particular software and hardware environment in which the data are created and stored. The paper begins with an introduction to the ASN.1 standard itself. It continues with a discussion of the ASN.1 implementation of the UMLS Knowledge Sources and some of the consequences for the newly released UMLS Knowledge Source Server. It concludes with a discussion of some of the benefits of using ASN.1 encoded data.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed1996

The UMLS Knowledge Source Server: a versatile Internet-based research tool.

The National Library of Medicine's Unified Medical Language System (UMLS) project regularly distributes a set of Knowledge Sources to the research community. In 1995 the UMLS data were made available for the first time through the Internet-based UMLS Knowledge Source Server. The server can be accessed through three different client interfaces. The World Wide Web interface allows users to browse and explore the data and to see how those data are organized in the UMLS. The command-line interface is best suited for batch processing, and the application programming interface allows developers at remote sites to embed calls in their application programs to the Knowledge Source Server.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed1993

Coach: applying UMLS knowledge sources in an expert searcher environment.

With the development of the Unified Medical Language System (UMLS) Knowledge Sources, the National Library of Medicine (NLM) has produced a resource of great potential for improving the searching of MEDLINE. The Coach expert searcher system, an inhouse research project at NLM, is designed to help users of the GRATEFUL MED front-end software improve MEDLINE search and retrieval capabilities. This paper describes the Coach program, the knowledge sources it uses, and some of the ways it applies elements of the UMLS Metathesaurus to facilitate access to the biomedical literature.

Grateful Med↗
PubMed1996

Sublexical Orthographic-Phonological Relations Early in the Acquisition of Reading: The Knowledge Sources Account

Tests are made of an aspect of the "knowledge sources" theoretical account of acquisition of reading in which, contrary to the developmental bypass hypothesis, it is postulated that sublexical relations between orthographic and phonological components are formed very early in learning by spontaneous induction from stored print word experience. Experiments 1 and 2, conducted with 5- and 6-year-old children, indicated as predicted that positional frequency of orthographic components in experienced print words influenced reading responses to unfamiliar pseudoword items. In Experiment 3 positional frequency of an orthographic component was manipulated in a training-transfer paradigm. Transfer to pseudoword reading was as predicted. The results could not be given alternative explanations by the developmental bypass hypothesis nor by accounts which predict exclusive use of onset and rime units at this early reading level.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1992

Interactive query workstation: a demonstration of the practical use of UMLS knowledge sources.

The Interactive Query Workstation (IQW) has been developed to provide clinicians with a uniform program interface for retrieving medical-related information from various computer-based information resources. These resources can vary in content (bibliographic databases, drug information, general medical text databases), function (article retrieval, differential diagnosis, drug interaction detection, or drug dosage and administration information), and media formats (local hard disk, CD-ROM, local area network, or distant telecommunication link). IQW allows modular addition of new resources as well as extension of previously installed resources. The National Library of Medicine's three Unified Medical Language System (UMLS) Knowledge Sources, the Metathesaurus (Meta), the Semantic Network, and the Information Sources Map (ISM) have been incorporated into many aspects of IQW. Meta provides information about medical terminology and aids IQW in isolating the basic concepts from a clinician's question. The Semantic Network provides information about the categorization of concepts and possible relations between concepts. It also assists IQW in determining which queries are appropriate for a set of concepts contained in the clinician's question. The ISM provides information about the content available from a computer-based resources and aids IQW in selecting an appropriate resource from which to collect information. The computer-based resource selection is performed without user intervention. This interactive demonstration shows an environment which increases the accessibility of medical information to clinicians by utilizing the three UMLS Knowledge Sources.

Information Storage and Retrieval↗
PubMed1992

CHARTLINE: providing bibliographic references relevant to patient charts using the UMLS Metathesaurus Knowledge Sources.

A successful medical informatics program helps its users to match their information needs as closely and efficiently as possible to the capabilities of the system. CHARTLINE is a computer program whose input is a free text, "natural language" patient chart in ASCII format. Using the UMLS Metathesaurus Knowledge Sources, CHARTLINE can suggest bibliographic references relevant to the patient case described in the chart. The program does not attempt to "understand" the natural language content of the chart. CHARTLINE only recognizes UMLS Metathesaurus Main Concept terms (or their synonyms) as they occur in the medical text, since those terms represent the tokens used to index the literature. The program depends on user feedback to determine which topics of a large number of potentially relevant subjects are of interest to the user.

Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted↗
PubMed1996

Knowledge sources for Natural Language Processing.

This paper aims at reviewing the problem of feeding Natural Language Processing (NLP) tools with convenient linguistic knowledge in the medical domain. A syntactic approach lacks the potential to solve a number of typical situations with ambiguities and is clearly insufficient for quality treatment of natural language. On the other hand, a conceptual approach relies on some modelling of the domain, of which the elaboration is d long-term process and where the ultimate solutions are far from being recognised and universally accepted. In-between is the beauty of the compromise. How can we significantly improve the coverage of linguistic knowledge in the years to come?

Artificial Intelligence↗
PubMed1991

Molecular model-building of amylin and alpha-calcitonin gene-related polypeptide hormones using a combination of knowledge sources.

Amylin is the major component of the amyloid found in the pancreases of noninsulin-dependent diabetics (type 2 diabetes). It is a 37 amino acid polypeptide and has been shown to have 46% sequence identity with the neuropeptide alpha-calcitonin gene-related peptide (alpha-CGRP). Both amylin and alpha-CGRP are known to be potent inhibitors of glycogen synthesis in stripped rat soleus muscle. Secondary structure prediction and tertiary structure model-building show the two polypeptides to have an alpha-helix/beta-strand motif similar to that observed in the insulin B-chain. The results have been supported by CD spectroscopy, although there is no sequence similarity between insulin and amylin/alpha-CGRP. Aggregation states have been predicted based on the dimeric and hexameric arrangements seen in porcine insulin. Rat and hamster amylin have a changed sequence motif in the beta-strand which results in lack of amyloid formation and type 2 diabetes. This, we propose, is caused by disruption of hydrogen bonding which prevents the formation of the dimer.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1995

Enhancements of anatomical information in UMLS knowledge sources.

Although anatomical terminology forms a part of biomedical structured vocabularies, available sources lack the requisite granularity, semantic types and relationships for comprehensively and consistently representing anatomical concepts in machine readable form. Thoracic angiology was selected as a proof of concept experiment for in depth representation of symbolic information in gross anatomy through the enhancement of semantic types, concepts and relationships in UMLS. Provided the representation of concepts is comprehensive, hierarchies generated with four types of simple relationships are capable of displaying anatomical information from the systemic view point with sufficient detail to meet the needs of applications in basic science education and in the practice of surgical subspecialties.

Anatomy↗
PubMed1989

Oral health knowledge and sources of information among elementary schoolchildren.

The dental health knowledge and sources of health information of 848 elementary schoolchildren (aged 9-12) in southwestern Michigan were assessed. Demographic parameters (education level, percent below poverty level, median income level) of the area were similar to state and national averages. The children were found to have some knowledge of caries and periodontal disease prevention, yet basic misconceptions were evident. More than one-third of the children thought that plaque should only be removed by a dentist. While 75 percent of the subjects knew that fluoride protected teeth from decay, only 4 percent of the children identified fluoridated water as the best source of this preventive agent. Knowledge of pit and fissure sealants was limited. Extent of correct dental knowledge was not related to age, sex, or mean DMFS scores. Children who answered the most questions correctly named parents and family as their source of information; dentist's office was the second most frequently mentioned source. Findings suggest a need to correct basic misinformation about dental health and to inform children about current efficacious preventive agents.

Child↗