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Results for “Knowledge of Results, Psychological”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1978

Therapeugenic factors in psychotherapy: the use of psychological tests.

In the first part of the experiment all Ss were administered a battery of psychological tests that they were told would provide an accurate description of their personality. Two weeks later, Ss were contacted and asked to participate in the second half of the experiment. Half of the Ss were led to believe that the psychological assessment indicated that they could remain calm and relaxed when exposed to a stressful situation (therapeutic suggestion), while the other half did not receive this feedback (no suggestion). Half of the Ss then were exposed to a stressful situation (threat), while the other half were not (no threat); the effectiveness of the diagnostic predictions was assessed via physiological and self-report measures of arousal. Results indicated that (a) the threat manipulation was effective in creating stress; and (b) Ss given therapeutic-suggestion feedback based on the psychological assessment were able to remain significantly more calm and relaxed in the experiment than Ss who did not receive therapeutic suggestions. Implications for the use of psychological testing and diagnostic feedback as a technique of social influence are discussed.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1976

Relationship of preoperative fear, type of coping, and information recevied about surgery to recovery from surgery.

This study investigated the relationship of preoperative level of fear, extent of information seeking (coping), and amount of information received about surgery to recovery from surgery. It was hypothesized that a curvilinear relationship would be found between level of preoperative fear and recovery and between extent of information seeking and recovery; it was also hypothesized that amount of preoperative information obtained would interact with extent of information seeking. The subjects were 57 female patients between the ages of 18 and 68 who were schedule for abdominal surgery. The recovery measures consisted of a self-rating of postoperative negative affect (fear, depression, and anger), number of postoperative analgesics and sedatives received, and total number of days to discharge. No curvilinear relationships were found between preoperative level of fear or type of coping and recovery from surgery. Results showed a linear relationship between level of preoperative fear and recovery, with the least favorable recovery associated with high levels of preoperative fear. A significant interaction was found between level of preoperative fear and amount of preoperative information, with high-fear subjects who reported little preoperative information experiencing the least favorable recovery period. The findings are discussed in terms of the parallel response model proposed by Leventhal.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1978

Application of signal detection theory to error detection in ballistic motor skills.

Signal detection procedures were used to measure subjects' ability to detect errors in performance as they tried to hit a target in a ballistic motor task, since current methods were found to have several important shortcomings. Two tasks were used; one involved moving a slide 24.1 cm in 150 msec (temporal target), and the other involved rolling a ball at a visible target (spatial target). Subjects in both tasks were poor at detecting errors. Variability in the perceptual processes, measured by signal detection proceudres, was found to be about twice as much as that in the motor processes, measured by calculating variable error. This finding was inconsistent with a strictly closed-loop model of motor skills. Signal detection theory was also able to fill a gap in present theories of motor learning by explaining why some of the subjects in this experiment were able to detect errors better in the absence of knowledge of results.

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