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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1970

Induction of pleomorphy and calcium ion deficiency in Lactobacillus bifidus.

The induction of pleomorphism of Lactobacillus bifidus by NaCl was completely inhibited by CaCl(2). When the organism was cultivated in calcium-free medium, growth of the bifid form was exclusively observed. Supplementation of calcium ion in the medium caused bacilloid growth. Chemical analyses indicated that calcium content of the bifid form organisms was significantly less than that of the bacilloid form; i.e., in the former type, there was an approximately 30% decrease of calcium in the whole cells, and an 82% decrease in the cell wall, as compared with the respective content of the latter. These results indicate a suppressing role of calcium ion in the induction of pleomorphism of L. bifidus. Besides calcium content, sugar and amino acid compositions were shown to be different between the bifid and bacilloid forms. In the cell wall especially, the content of glucose in the bifid form was larger than that in the bacilloid form. Methionine and phenylalanine were present in the bifid form, but not in the bacilloid form. Cell walls of the bifid form organisms lacked a larger molecular weight peptidoglycan (7.5S) which was clearly detected in the bacilloid form. Evidence has been given for the relationships of calcium ion and cell wall components to the pleomorphism in L. bifidus.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1988

Some studies on the DNA-repair-eliciting and genotoxic activity of cell-free extracts of Lactobacillus bifidus.

Cell-free extracts of Lactobacillus bifidus have been reported as possessing DNA-repair-eliciting properties in UV-irradiated human cells, and suggestions have been made that these extracts could be used to protect human skin cells from DNA-damaging effects induced by natural UV light. In view of the importance of these findings, and because extracts of other bifidobacteriae had previously been shown to possess genotoxic activity in bacterial systems, it seemed appropriate to perform some experiments aimed at evaluating the ability of cell-free extracts of L. bifidus, as well as the bacterial suspension medium, to modulate DNA repair and/or to exert potentially adverse genotoxic effects in a variety of mammalian cells in culture. Chinese hamster cells, human fibroblasts, and human lymphocytes were used to evaluate the influence of the extract on the repair of UV-damaged DNA and on several biological effects (cell cycle progression, cell killing, chromosomal aberrations, and sister-chromatid exchanges) induced by DNA-damaging agents. The results show that neither the extract nor the suspension have any influence on DNA repair or other biological endpoints induced by UV and other DNA-damaging agents. In conclusion, the present findings do not indicate that cell-free extracts of L. bifidus specifically promote the repair of UV-damaged DNA in human cells. Neither do they indicate that these extracts have a promoting activity on UV-induced (misrepair) mutagenesis in mammalian cells. Finally, the present experiments indicate that the L. bifidus extracts used in our experiments are devoid of any direct mutagenic and/or genotoxic activity in mammalian cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1963

EXTRACELLULAR POLYSACCHARIDE OF MUCOID LACTOBACILLUS BIFIDUS.

Wang, Marian (University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia), Edward Steers, and Robert F. Norris. Extracellular polysaccharide of mucoid Lactobacillus bifidus. J. Bacteriol. 86:898-903. 1963.-The extracellular polysaccharide produced by the "Jackson-mucoid" strain of Lactobacillus bifidus was isolated and purified by three different procedures. The component sugars of the polysaccharide were identified by paper chromatography and confirmed by infrared analysis. Galacturonic acid, galactose, glucose, and 6-deoxy-talose were identified. Contrary to a previous report from this laboratory, fucose was not found to be a component of this polysaccharide.

Fucose↗
PubMed1967

Antibacterial sensitivity of Bifidobacterium (Lactobacillus bifidus).

The antibacterial sensitivity patterns of gram-positive, nonsporeforming, anaerobic bacilli variously classed as Lactobacillus bifidus, Actinomyces bifidus, or Bifidobacterium were studied by the plate dilution method. A total of 34 strains, mostly from human feces, was studied. Three species, B. longum, B. adolescentis, and B. bifidum, were represented with 11, 11, and 6 strains, respectively. The other six strains fell into four other species. Most strains of all types resisted 100 mug/ml or more of neomycin, polymyxin B, and nalidixic acid. They were somewhat less resistant to kanamycin and still less so to streptomycin. All strains were inhibited by less than 1 mug/ml of penicillin G and erythromycin, by 3.1 units or less per ml of bacitracin, by 3.1 mug/ml or less of chloramphenicol, and by 6.2 mug/ml or less of tetracycline and lincomycin. Most strains were inhibited by 3.1 mug/ml of vancomycin. Results were very variable with cephalothin and nitrofurantoin, with some strains quite resistant. With half of the drugs tested, there were moderate differences in sensitivity between different species. These data are discussed in relation to the effect of antimicrobial agents on bifid bacilli in the normal human fecal flora, in relation to the implications thereof, and in relation to the usefulness of several agents (particularly neomycin, nalidixic acid, and polymyxin B) in selective media for Bifidobacterium.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1979

Isolation of a glycopolypeptide fraction with Lactobacillus bifidus subspecies pennsylvanicus growth-promoting activity from whole human milk casein.

Human milk casein samples were digested with trypsin and chymotrypsin, and a glycopolypeptide fraction was isolated from the soluble portion of the digests by a series of gel filtration steps. The glycopeptide fraction stimulated the growth of Lactobacillus bifidus subspecies pennsylvanicius to the same extent as a whey glycopolypeptide fraction previously isolated (Pediat. Res. 10: 1, 1976). It contained between 60 and 70% carbohydrate consisting of galactose, galactosamine, glucosamine, fucose, and sialic acid. This, along with its apparent molecular weight of near 30,000 was also similar to the respective parameters of the whey glycopolypeptide. It is proposed that human milk casein may serve a dual function: that serving the nutritional needs of the breast-fed infant, and that stimulating the growth of L. bifidus subspecies pennsylvanicus. Additionally, the whey glycopolypeptide may arise from casein through proteolysis by an endogenous milk protease.

Actinomycetaceae↗