PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “LENTICULAR NUCLEUS”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

[Arterial vascularization of the lenticular nucleus].

The arterial vasculature of the lenticular nucleus was studied on 30 human brains the vascular system of which was injected with Indian ink mixed with gelose. The arteries of the lenticular nucleus belong to the group of anterior central arteries issued from the internal carotid artery and its terminal branches, except for the posterior cerebral artery. Examination of serial sections made translucent by the Spalteholtz method enabled us to follow the courses of these vessels within the lenticular nucleus. In this nucleus two vascular networks were present, with different vascular organization and density. These differences were due to the histological structure and specific embryonic origin of each part of the lenticular nucleus.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Lenticular nucleus lesion in idiopathic dystonia detected by transcranial sonography.

We report the transcranial sonography (TCS) findings of the basal ganglia in 86 patients with dystonic disorders including idiopathic dystonia (facial, cervical, upper limb, and generalized dystonia), drug-induced tardive dystonia, dopa-responsive dystonia, and kinesigenic dystonia. The TCS was focused on alterations of the lenticular, caudate, raphe nuclei, and the thalamus. Seventy-five percent of patient with idiopathic cervical and 83% of those with idiopathic upper limb dystonia had a hyperechogenic lesion of the middle segment of the lenticular nucleus on the side opposite to the clinical dystonic symptoms. The ipsilateral side was also affected in 20%. In facial dystonia, only one-third of the patients revealed lenticular nucleus lesions. The mean area of the lenticular nucleus lesion opposite to the clinically affected side was 30 mm2 in cervical dystonia, 17 mm2 in upper limb dystonia, and 7.5 mm2 in facial dystonia. These lenticular abnormalities were significantly more frequent (p < 0.001) and their areas were significantly greater (p < 0.001) compared with a control group of 50 patients afflicted with radiculopathy. There was a significant correlation of the severity of symptoms with the intensity of lenticular nucleus hyperechogenicity in patients with cervical and upper limb dystonia (p < 0.05). Increased caudate nucleus echogenicity was present in 20% of patients with cervical and upper limb dystonia, mostly contralateral to the clinically affected side and raphe abnormalities were present in 7% of all patients with idiopathic dystonia. In contrast, there were no abnormalities of the lenticular nucleus or thalamus in nonidiopathic dystonias. We conclude that idiopathic dystonia is associated with lesions in the basal ganglia, particularly the lenticular nucleus, that can be visualized by TCS. An alteration of the basal ganglia matrix may be the pathologic basis of idiopathic dystonia with secondary affliction of striatopallidothalamic pathways.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

A quantitative magnetic resonance imaging study of caudate and lenticular nucleus gray matter volume in primary unipolar major depression: relationship to treatment response and clinical severity.

The authors investigated whether there were differences in caudate and lenticular nucleus volumes in depressed patients relative to comparison subjects, and whether differences in basal ganglia volume were associated with treatment response to fluoxetine. Brain magnetic resonance images were obtained from 38 unipolar depressed patients and 20 matched comparison subjects. Patients were divided into groups of 'responders' and 'non-responders' based on change in the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) score after a 10-week open trial of fluoxetine, 20 mg/day. There were no group mean differences in caudate and lenticular nucleus volumes between patients and comparison subjects. Female treatment responders tended to have larger caudate nucleus volumes than male 'responders', and also larger right caudate nucleus volumes than their female 'non-responder' counterparts. Baseline HDRS scores correlated negatively with left caudate nucleus volume in depressed patients. Thus, in mild to moderately depressed patients, we were unable to find differences in caudate and lenticular nucleus-gray matter volumes relative to comparison subjects. One possible reason is that caudate nucleus-gray matter volume and severity of depression are inversely correlated, suggesting that severity of depression may be an important covariate when comparing caudate volumes in depressed patients and control subjects.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Neural damage in the lenticular nucleus linked with tardive dyskinesia in schizophrenia: a preliminary study using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

We investigated, using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS), whether the tardive dyskinesia (TD) often seen in schizophrenic patients is associated with cellular abnormalities in the basal ganglia system. The subjects in this study included schizophrenic patients with TD (TD group, n=7), schizophrenic patients without TD (non-TD group, n=7), and healthy volunteers (N group, n=7). We examined the 1H-MRS peaks of N-acetylaspartate (NAA), choline (Cho), and creatine (Cr) in the regions of the left and right lenticular nucleus. In the left lenticular nucleus, the Cho/Cr ratio was significantly greater in the TD and non-TD groups than in the N group (Mann-Whitney U test; p<0.007 and p<0.006, respectively). Further, a significant linear trend was observed in the means of the ratio across the three groups (p<0.005); the TD group was the highest, the N group the lowest, and the non-TD group intermediate. No significant difference in the NAA/Cr ratio was found among groups. These results indicate that neural abnormalities in the basal ganglia may be linked with the neuroleptic medications and the process of the fundamental illness per se, and that more excessive damage to this neural substrate may lead to development of TD. However, as this is a preliminary study, further studies with a large number of subjects are required to verify our findings.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Acute infarction limited to the lenticular nucleus: clinical, etiologic, and topographic features.

BACKGROUND: Chronic diseases involving the putamen and globus pallidus induce parkinsonism and other movement disorders. Sensory and motor dysfunction from deep middle cerebral artery infarction is usually due to an involvement of the internal capsule. The clinical picture associated with isolated infarction of the lenticular nucleus is less well established. OBJECTIVE: To analyze clinical features, topographic correlations, and cause of purely lenticular ischemic infarction. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We reviewed 820 consecutive patients with deep hemispheral infarct included in the Lausanne Stroke Registry between 1986 and 1998 and selected those with isolated lenticular involvement on computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging. RESULTS: Thirteen patients had pure lenticular infarction. All had faciobrachiocrural hemisyndrome, while none showed acute or delayed parkinsonism or abnormal movement. Nine patients had a lesion restricted to the putamen. Two of them had ataxic motor hemisyndrome and 7 had sensorimotor hemisyndrome (with ataxia in 4, left hemineglect in 1, and deep pain in the arm and leg in 1). Four patients had a lesion of putamen and globus pallidus externus. Three of them had motor hemisyndrome (with nonfluent aphasia in 2 and ataxia in 1) and 1 had ataxic sensorimotor hemisyndrome. All infarcts were in the territory of the medial perforating branches of the medial cerebral artery. Presumed cause of stroke was small-artery disease in 5, artery-to-artery embolism in 4, cardioembolism in 3 and undetermined in 1. CONCLUSIONS: Acute lenticular infarction induces mainly hemiparesis but no movement disorder. Associated sensory deficits, aphasia, and hemineglect underline clinically the function of the lenticular nucleus in connection with the prefrontal, temporal, and parietal cortices.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1991

The lenticular nucleus, light, and the retina.

Lenticular absorbance and retinal illumination are reviewed in the light of earlier observations showing that the nucleus rather than the lens as a whole is the main absorber of radiation. Corneal refraction is taken into account. Consideration is given to the Stiles-Crawford effect, and to the accumulation of lipofuscin in the retinal pigment epithelium which may be caused by illumination of the retina.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Hyperglycemia-induced hemichoreoathetosis: the presenting manifestation of a vascular malformation of the lenticular nucleus.

A 72-year-old diabetic woman developed paroxysmal hemichoreoathetosis during an episode of nonketotic hyperglycemia. The movement disorder abated as the blood glucose normalized. A computed tomographic scan revealed a vascular malformation involving the lenticular nucleus on the side contralateral to the dyskinesia. Hyperglycemia has rarely been reported to cause episodic dyskinesias, but there have been no prior reports of patients with striatal vascular abnormalities in whom hyperglycemia seemingly caused a transient movement disorder.

Aged↗
PubMed2006

Arterioles of the lenticular nucleus in CADASIL.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: In cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) the arteriopathy leads to recurrent infarcts in cerebral white matter (WM) and deep gray matter (GM), whereas cortex is spared. To assess the pathogenesis of deep GM infarcts, we analyzed structural changes in arterioles of the lenticular nucleus (LN) in 6 CADASIL patients. METHODS: Five elderly and one 32-year-old deceased CADASIL patients were studied. Seven elderly and 4 young deceased persons without cerebrovascular diseases served as controls. In addition to immunohistochemical analysis the external and luminal diameters of arterioles in the LN, cerebral cortex and WM were measured. The thickness of arteriolar wall and sclerotic index were calculated. RESULTS: In CADASIL patients, LN arterioles were immunoreactive for the extracellular domain of Notch3 and collagen I, whereas alpha-smooth muscle actin staining was irregular or negative. No major leakage of plasma fibrinogen or fibronectin was observed. Although in patients the walls of LN arterioles were significantly thicker than in controls, definite stenosis was not observed. Arteriolar lumina in the LN were not only significantly larger than in the WM, where most lacunar infarcts in CADASIL occur, but also larger than in cortical GM, where infarcts virtually never exist. CONCLUSIONS: Fibrotic thickening of the arteriolar walls without consequent stenosis occurs in the LN of CADASIL patients. The pathogenesis of lacunar infarcts in the WM and LN seem to be different, stenosis in the former and probably hemodynamic disturbances in the latter.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Hematomas of the lenticular nucleus and pons in a hypertensive patient].

Secondary pontine hemorrhages are not rare in intracranial hypertension caused by a supratentorial mass lesion. Cerebral herniation and caudal dislocation of the brainstem account for the secondary pontine hemorrhages. In the present case, two unrelated hemorrhages were demonstrated by an early CT. Neurological findings and CT thus suggest that this is a rare case in which supratentorial and infratentorial hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhages occurred simultaneously.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Deformation of brain and stress distribution caused by putaminal hemorrhage--numerical computer simulation by finite element method].

Deformation and stress distribution caused by putaminal hemorrhage in two-dimensional model brain were analyzed by computer simulation using finite element method. The model brain was composed of cerebral cortex, white matter, caudate nucleus, lenticular nucleus, thalamus and lateral ventricle. Young's modulus of gray and white matter was assumed to be 0.08 and 0.04 kgf/cm2, respectively, and Poisson's ratio was 0.47 for both of them. Bleeding of 100 mmHg pressure was represented by 4 vectors of force directing anterior, lateral, posterior and medial direction from the middle portion of putamen. Calculation of finite element method was carried out by a 16-bit personal computer. The calculated deformation of brain presented a hematoma cavity elongated from anterior to posterior direction at the lenticular nucleus. Mass effect of hematoma was noted from displacement of the anterior horn of the lateral ventricle and the internal capsule. Distribution of stress vector revealed the stress concentration at the lenticular nucleus while small stress was noted all over the model brain. Strength of principal stress was presented by contour-line and took the shape of concentric circles with a center at the putamen. This study suggested that the computer simulation by finite element method would be a useful technique to analyze the physical phenomenon of brain suffered from intracerebral hemorrhage.

Basal Ganglia Diseases↗