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Results for “LOCHIA”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1986

The duration of lochia.

The duration of lochia and its association with a number of obstetric variables was studied in 236 women. Each woman completed a diary sheet describing the colour and duration of her lochia for up to 60 days post partum. The phases of lochia were divided according to the classical description; lochia rubra, serosa and alba. The median total duration of lochia was 33 days, lochia rubra 4 days and lochia serosa 22 days. Lochia persisted to 60 days in 13% of women. The duration of lochia was shorter in parous women and women with smaller babies.

Birth Weight↗

PubMed1999

The World Health Organization multinational study of breast-feeding and lactational amenorrhea. IV. Postpartum bleeding and lochia in breast-feeding women. World Health Organization Task Force on Methods for the Natural Regulation of Fertility.

OBJECTIVE: To describe and compare the duration of lochia in seven groups of women; to investigate the occurrence of a possible "end-of-puerperium" bleeding episode; and to determine the frequency of bleeding episodes before postpartum day 56, which applies to the practice of the lactational amenorrhea method of contraception. DESIGN: Prospective longitudinal study with fortnightly follow-up, beginning within 7 days of delivery. SETTING: Five developing and two developed countries. PATIENT(S): Four thousand one hundred eighteen breast-feeding women. INTERVENTION(S): Postpartum lochia and all days of bleeding per vaginam were recorded. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Duration of lochia, frequency of an end-of-puerperium bleeding episode, and frequency of postlochia bleeding episodes within 56 days of delivery. RESULT(S): The median duration of lochia was 27 days; it varied significantly among the centers (range, 22-34 days). In 11% of the women, lochia lasted >40 days. An end-of-puerperium bleeding episode around the 40th day postpartum was reported by 20.3% of the women. Bleeding within 56 days of delivery (separated from lochia by at least 14 days) occurred in 11.3% of the women and usually was followed by a confirmatory bleeding episode 21-70 days later. CONCLUSION(S): The duration of lochia varied significantly among the study populations, and long durations were not unusual. The significance of the end-of-puerperium bleeding episode is unknown. Most users of the lactational amenorrhea method will not experience a postlochia bleeding episode before postpartum day 56.

Amenorrhea↗

PubMed1999

Characteristics of normal lochia.

The objective of this paper is to determine the characteristics of each phase of lochia and how these may be influenced by a number of obstetric variables. Thirty-nine healthy women who had spontaneous vaginal delivery following uncomplicated pregnancy volunteered to complete a diary sheet immediately postpartum. The women were instructed to assess the color of their lochia by a color slide with differential gradation from dark red to white. The color was labeled as rubra (red, red-brown), serosa (brown-pink, brown), or alba (yellow, white). The overall duration of lochia was 36.0 +/- 7.5 days (range 17 to 51 days, median 37 days). Three types of lochia color patterns were identified: type 1--rubra-->serosa-->alba sequence (n = 20); type 2-rubra-->serosa-->alba sequence with prolonged rubra phase and short serosa and alba phases (n = 11); and type 3-with two rubra phases (rubra-->serosa/alba-->rubra-->serosa/alba sequence with near-equal duration of each phase) (n = 8). The rubra phase lasts 12.1 +/- 6.7 days in type 1, 24.8 +/- 5.0 days in type 2, and 5.5 +/- 2.5 days (the first rubra) in type 3 pattern (p < 0.05). There was a higher proportion of lactating women among women with type 1 pattern as compared with type 2 (11/20 and 2/11, p < 0.05, respectively). Women with type 2 pattern were of higher parity (2.8 +/- 1.3) as compared with those with type 1 (1.8 +/- 0.8) (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences in infants' birth weight between the various color types (3,276.0 +/- 379.8 g, 3,564.4 +/- 737.9 g, and 3,080.0 +/- 180.0 g for type 1, type 2, and type 3, respectively. There were no significant differences in overall duration of lochia or gestational age at delivery between the various color types. The results confirm the clinical impression that lochia persists longer than classically reported and is of diverse patterns. Three unique types of color patterns were identified. Type 1 is the most prevalent and is associated with prolonged breast feeding and thus can be considered as the classic type. Type 2 is associated with short or no breast feeding and higher parity. Type 3 may be a variant of type 2. We suggest that traditional teaching on lochia characteristics needs reappraisal.

Adult↗

PubMed1986

Examination of lochia as an aid to the early diagnosis of bovine brucellosis.

The standard technique for diagnosing bovine brucellosis is the serological examination of blood samples. As affected females may excrete large numbers of the Brucella organism in the lochia, the bacteriological and smear examination of such material appeared to be a suitable alternative for early diagnosis. Of the lochia samples collected from 210 cows and heifers within 12-24 h after parturition or abortion, 10.9% were bacteriologically positive. Only 70% of these could be diagnosed correctly as positive by microscopic examination. This technique also resulted in 3.3% false negative and 1.4% false positive diagnoses. Results of the serological examinations of blood, collected simultaneously with the lochia samples, correlated fairly well with those obtained microscopically. Culture of lochia samples on a suitable medium appears to be the method of choice, when dealing with the early diagnosis of bovine brucellosis.

Animals↗

PubMed2006

Ceftiofur derivatives in serum, uterine tissues, cotyledons, and lochia after fetal membrane retention.

The objective of the study was to determine concentrations of ceftiofur derivatives after subcutaneous application of ceftiofur hydrochloride in cows with retained fetal membranes. Concentrations of ceftiofur derivatives detected as desfuroylceftiofuracetamide were determined in blood serum, endometrium, caruncles, cotyledons, and lochia during 72 h. After induction of parturition, 2 primiparous and 4 multiparous cows having retained fetal membranes for at least 12 h were studied. All cows received 3 consecutive injections (C1 to C3; 24 h apart) of 1-mg ceftiofur equivalents per kilogram of body weight as ceftiofur hydrochloride sterile suspension. Samples of blood, endometrium, caruncles, cotyledons, and lochia were collected immediately before each injection (0 h) and again at 4, 12, and 24 h after C1, C2, and C3. Blood samples were collected from coccygeal vessels. Caruncles were removed from the uterine lumen by manual extirpation and separated from cotyledons. Endometrial tissue (0.5 g) was collected by using Kenny's biopsy apparatus. For all samples, concentrations of potentially active ceftiofur derivatives were quantified using an HPLC assay. Within 2 h (serum), 4 h (endometrium), and 12 h (caruncles, cotyledons, lochia) after C1 and during the entire study period, mean concentration of ceftiofur derivatives exceeded the reported minimum drug concentrations required to inhibit the growth of 90% of isolates for relevant bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Fusobacterium necrophorum, and Arcanobacterium pyogenes. Only in single samples did concentrations decrease temporarily below the reported minimum drug concentrations required to inhibit the growth of 90% of isolates.

Animals↗

PubMed2005

Ratio between the number of Th1 and Th2 lymphocytes in the peripheral blood and concentration of proinflammatory cytokines in lochia of women with postpartum endometritis.

We estimated the percentage of CD4+ lymphocytes synthesizing IFN-gamma and IL-4 in the peripheral blood and measured the concentrations of IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-alpha in lochia of patients with postpartum endometritis. T lymphocytes with intracellular IFN-gamma prevailed in women with physiological course of the postpartum period. The number of cells containing IL-4 increased in patients with postpartum endometritis. On days 5-7 after childbirth the concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1beta and TNF-alpha in lochia of these patients were higher than in healthy postpartum women (by 1.4 and 2.7 times, respectively). The concentrations of cytokines IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, and IL-6 increased most significantly in patients with postpartum endometritis and active viral infection (by 3.4, 4.2, and 1.6 times, respectively).

Blood Cell Count↗

PubMed1977

Fosfomycin in puerperal infections and its elimination in lochia.

31 patients suffering from puerperal endometritis, 16 of whom with other concomitant infections (sepsis, infection of episiotomy, pyelonephritis) were treated with fosfomycin. 86% of the germs isolated were sensitive to fosfomycin. The results obtained have been excellent in 26 patients (84%) and null in 5 (16%). Fosfomycin showed to be an antibiotic of wide-spectrum, and it acted very rapidly, since apirexia of the patients was achieved after 2-3 days of treatment. The antibiotic had perfect tolerance. No disagreeable secondary effects nor changes in the haematological data were observed. We have also carried out a study on the elimination in lochia of fosfomycin in a group of 21 patients with normal birth and puerperium. The concentrations of the antibiotic in lochia, although variable, are sufficient to achieve the desired bactericide action.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗

PubMed2005

Fungi associated with hair roots of Rhododendron lochiae (Ericaceae) in an Australian tropical cloud forest revealed by culturing and culture-independent molecular methods.

The culturable fungal assemblage associated with hair roots of Rhododendron lochiae (Ericaceae) from a tropical cloud forest in Queensland, Australia was investigated using rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) and sequence analysis, and the abilities of the fungi to form ericoid mycorrhizas were tested. DNA was further extracted directly from hair roots and partial fungal ITS products compared with those from the cultured isolate assemblage using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). A range of ericoid mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal fungi was identified using both approaches, with ericoid mycorrhizal fungi found to be taxonomically similar to those associated with Ericaceae in temperate habitats worldwide. Both approaches identified several unique fungi and, although most of the abundant RFLP types identified in the cultured fungal assemblage were also present in DGGE profiles of DNA extracted directly from roots, one the most commonly isolated RFLP types, a putative Xylariaceae taxon, was absent. The data suggest that a combination of culturing and culture-independent approaches may be more efficacious than either method individually.

Base Sequence↗

PubMed1991

[The importance of cytological study of lochia in assessing uterine function in the puerperal period].

Cytologic analysis of lochia in 118 puerperae helped distinguish 5 types of cytograms. A normal postpartum period is characterized by a gradual transition from an inflammatory to regenerative type. Subinvolution of the uterus is associated with a prolonged persistence of the inflammatory regenerative type, this pointing to deceleration of endometrium purification processes. The inflammatory, degenerative-inflammatory, and necrotic cytogram types were characteristic of endometritis of varying severity. The necrotic cytogram type was found the most prognostically unfavorable.

Endometritis↗

PubMed1978

[Investigation on the mycoplasma population of the lochia (author's transl)].

105 puerperae were examined for mycoplasma population one day and seven days post partum, after pregnancy and childbirth had remained without any complications. Whereas mycoplasmas could be identified in the lochia of 10 women in the seventh day post partum, all mycoplasma investigations remained negative on the day following childbirth.

Female↗

PubMed1995

Detection of Brucella abortus antigens by immunoperoxidase histochemical staining of lochia smears.

An immunoperoxidase histochemical staining technique for the detection of Brucella abortus organisms in lochia of brucellosis-infected cows was described. In comparison with the standard culture technique, the former method resulted in 36% false positive and 2.3% false negative reactions, which represents a sensitivity of 82% and a specificity of 94%. False positive reactions are presumably the result of organisms which succumbed during transit. The feasibility of the test in the confirmation of brucellosis is discussed.

Animals↗

PubMed1950