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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1978

[Experience of labor and obstetrical analgesia].

A prospective study was undertaken at Strasbourg of the assessment of the patients of the techniques used by the obstetric team and of the general atmosphere in which labour and delivery took place. A questionnair of 115 items was analysed by computer using a Pastis-Pascal programme (see attached). The first results, concerning the analysis of 100 cases and taking into account approximately ten variables, gave the following findings: -the intolerable pain factor is related to the period of dilatation; -the analgesic or amnesic factor in the mother influences the satisfaction she experiences in relation to her child; -demand for epidural anaesthesia appeared the same, whether the woman had been prepared by a psychoprophylactic method or not; -psychoprophylactic preparation would not appear to influence the assessment of pain; -women having an epidural anaesthetic never considered their labour to have been intolerable. Discriminant analysis with study of correlations is not possible at present. Given the number of variables to be considered, the population analysed is inadequate. A multicentre study would improve the performance of this research. Our questionnaire is available to any teams who might wish to use it.

Anesthesia, Epidural↗
PubMed1975

The relaxing effect of terbutaline on the human uterus during term labor.

The uterine and cardiovascular responses to the adrenergic beta2-receptor stimulator terbutaline (TRB) were investigated in 14 patients in normal term labor. TRB, administered intravenously at a rate of 10 to 20 mug per minute, effectively inhibited uterine activity in advanced labor and also expulsion. Intravenous injection of TRB, 250 mug, diminished oxytocin-induced uterine hyperactivity. No serious side effects of the drug were observed; the circulatory effects were minimal, except for a tolerable maternal tachycardia. The mode of action and clinical application of TRB for inhibition of unwanted uterine activity are discussed.

Abortion, Threatened↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pregnancy and labor in Tanzanian primigravidae aged 15 years and under.

The outcome of pregnancy and labor in 259 Tanzanian primigravidae 15 years and under is compared with that of 377 primigravidae between the ages of 21 and 25. The risk of antenatal complications, such as anemia, and premature labor and low birth weight babies was much higher in the younger age group. There was no difference in the incidence of preeclampsia or complications during labor between the two groups. The younger women had a lower perinatal mortality rate than the controls.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

[Fetal causes of the onset of labour. A kybernetic model (author's transl)].

The question of initiation of labour is not yet solved. A fetal fixing of the date would be ingenious. On the one hand the fet is endangered by prematurity, on the other hand by placental insufficiency in postmaturity. Fetuses with comparatively lighter placenta remain in average shorter in utero until spontaneous initiation of labour than those with comparatively heavier placenta. This fact leads to the assumption of a relative placental insufficiency as a determining factor of the onset of labour. A further inquiry demonstrates, that babies born after premature termination of pregnancy about the term - either by induction of labour or by primary sectio caesarea - are heavier and longer than those born after spontaneous labour. This leads to the assumption of a prenatal weight loss of the infant before spontaneous initiation of labour. This weight loss is caused by diminution of water content and relative placental insufficiency. This relative placental insufficiency also leads to a diminution of amniotic fluid, which is swallowed by the "hungry" fet in a greater amount. Altogether a diminution of uterine volume is resulting, which is accomplished by a diminution of uterine wall tension. The coordination of uterine activity, which precedes delivery, is combined with the ripening of the cervix. The ripening of the cervix also leads to a retraction of myometrium and thus to a further diminution of uterine wall tension. It is concluded, that a diminution of uterine volume, causes by fetal weight loss and diminution of amniotic fluid, leads to a reduction of uterine wall tension, which is supported by the ripening of the cervix. This reduction of uterine wall tension is the precondition of the increasing coordination of activity, which precedes delivery.

Amniotic Fluid↗
PubMed1975

The use of the oxytocin challenge test for antepartum clinical evaluation of uteroplacental respiratory function.

Over the last 4 years at Los Angeles County-University of Southern California Medical Center, Women's Hospital, clinical interest in antepartum fetal monitoring has increased considerably. As a result of approximately 1,500 tests in some 600 patients at high risk for placental insufficiency, we have reached several conclusions regarding the methods for antepartum fetal monitoring, criteria for interpretation of the results obtained, and the role of antepartum monitoring information in clinical management. In this paper, the results of "stress" monitoring (monitoring in the presence of uterine contractions) are presented. The term "oxytocin challenge test" is used in reference to "stressed" monitoring even though sometimes the contractions were spontaneous, or without oxytocin stimulation.

Cesarean Section↗
PubMed1976

Moderate fetal bradycardia.

Fetal heart rates in the range of 100 to 119 beats per minute have been defined as moderate bradycardia. Twenty-five of 1,386 patients monitored during a 1 year period have manifested persistent moderate bradycardia. Moderate bradycardia is apparently related to fetal head compression, often in situations of relative cephalopelvic disproportion. It is alleviated by rotation of the vertex and does not appear to adversely affect the newborn infant.

Apgar Score↗
PubMed1976

Prevention of prematurity.

Although only about 8 per cent of pregnancies end prematurely, as much as 75 per cent of perinatal deaths are due to prematurity. Since it is difficult to identify the predisposing factors in individual cases and to prevent the premature onset of labor, it is necessary to try to arrest such labor when it occurs. A theoretical scheme for the mechanism of labor in the human subject is presented. This permits the identification of four possible points of attack: (1) replacement of progesterone to reduce the myometrial sensitivity to oxytocin, (2) administration of beta-mimetic agents to relax the uterus and make it unresponsive to stimuli, (3) administration of ethanol to block oxytocin secretion, and (4) administration of anti-inflammatory drugs to inhibit prostaglandin synthesis. Results obtained with ritodrine, a beta-mimetic agent, and with ethanol are presented as illustration. Ritodrine gave somewhat better results than ethanol, possibly because the treatment was continued after discharge of the patients.

Adrenergic beta-Agonists↗